LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

QD0ma3ES31 




COLONEL AND BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL J. A. HILL. 

(The only original officer mustered out with the regiment.) 



< 

THE 

STORY OF OI^E REGIMENT 



THE ELEVENTH MAINE 
INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS IN 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 



COMPILED BY 

H Committee ot tbe IReaimental Bssociatiou 






NEW YOEK 

1896 



\ti\°^^ 



Copyright, 1896, by 
ALBERT MAXFIELD 






w 



YW 



'K • Press of J.J. Little & Co. 



Astor Place, New York 



PREFACE. 

Comrades : 

The desirability of taking steps to the end that a history of the 
Eleventh Maine Regiment of Infantry Volunteers be compiled 
was a subject of conversation for many years among the regi- 
ment^s surviving members. All agreed that such a compilation 
should be made, in order that the exact story of the part their 
^ regiment took in the suppression of the great rebellion should 

^ be made known. But it was not until 1891, at the reunion held 
at Camp Benson, that action was taken. On that occasion, at the 
^ business meeting, after an exchange of views on the subject, it 

'^. was voted that the acting president of the Regimental Association 
appoint a committee of five to gather material for such a regi- 
mental history as it should be found desirable to publish. 

Comrade and Sergeant-Major Elias P. Morton, the president of 
the Association the year of this reunion, thereupon appointed, as 
the members of the Historical Committee, Brevet Brigadier-Gen- 
eral and Colonel J. A. Hill, Captain Albert Maxfield, Captain 
and Quartermaster William H. H. Andrews, First Lieutenant 
Robert Brady, Jr., and Sergeant John A. Brackett. Captain 
Andrews died during the year, and at the next annual reunion, 
held in Portland, the Committee, as empowered, elected Sergeant- 
Major Elias P. Morton to fill the vacancy. The Committee has 
remained as thus constituted. 

At its first meeting, held at Camp Benson, General Hill was 
elected chairman, and it was determined that the history should 
contain the story of the share of the regiment in the suppression 
of the rebellion and a statistical record of the military history of 
all who had served in it, to which should be added, so far as 
practicable, a record of their movements after they were mus- 
tered out. Captain Maxfield was appointed by the chairman 
to gather material for the Statistical Record, and Lieutenant 
Brady to gather material for the Story of the Regiment. These 
comrades set to work without delay, and at each subsequent 
annual reunion submitted to the Committee for advice and 



IV PEEFACE. 

revision such material as they had gathered and put in form dur- 
ing the year preceding. 

Captain Maxfield desires to express his appreciation of the 
kindness of comrades and others who have aided him in the wide 
research he has been obliged to make to obtain a knowledge of 
the fate of a large percentage of those who have died during 
the thirty years that have passed since the last one returned to 
civil life. Many comrades have settled in far-away States, and 
have wandered into far lands ; and often, as the blanks in the 
record will show, out of the ken of the most searching inquiry. 
But, through the efforts of our comrades, and of relatives and 
friends of temporarily missing comrades, and from researches 
made through the courtesy of Grand Army Posts, in the War 
Department, and in the Office of the Adjutant-General of the 
State of Maine — the archives of which office have been at our dis- 
posal, Captain Thomas Clark, of our regiment, an attache of that 
office, having been empowered to furnish Comrade Maxfield with 
all possible data ; through all this assistance, and by following 
every clue that came into his hands. Comrade Maxfield enables ns 
to present to you a very complete record of what has become of 
the two thousand men who first and last were ranged under the 
beloved banner of our old regiment. 

Lieutenant Brady compiled the historical sketch — from many 
sources, also ; from his own recollections and those of many com- 
rades, especially from the diaries of particular comrades, to Avhom 
due credit will be found given for quotations made from their 
diaries. But much information was gathered from these diaries 
and used, for which credit is not given, such as the day and the 
hour of the occurrence of many dimly remembered events, the 
state of the weather from day to day, the condition of the roads 
we marched on, the length of the march, the condition of the 
men, and so on ; and running along together without difference, 
as they do, they are indisputable evidence of what actually took 
lilace from day to day. Comrade Brady filled in the recollections 
and the tale of the diaries with material gathered from military 
reports and histories. Union and Confederate — McClellan's 
reports, Beauregard's " Military Operations,'' Taylor's •' Destruc- 
tion and Eeconstruction, " the reports of the Army of Northern 
Virginia, the history of the Second Army Corps, that of the 
Forty-eighth New York, Chaplain Trumbull's "Knightly Sol- 



PREFACE. V 

dier " (a virtual history of the Tenth Connecticut until Major 
Camp was killed) — from the history of the Peninsula campaign by 
General Alexander S. Webb, LL. D., and that of the operations 
of the armies of the Potomac and the James in 1864 and 1865 by 
General A. A. Humphreys. To these must be added a reading 
of the operations of the navy on the Atlantic coast by Admiral 
Ammen, and the stories of many desultory writers on events in 
which we participated, ending with a careful scrutiny of news- 
paper files of the years of the war. 

The other members of the Committee — Comrades Morton, 
Brackett, and myself— have faitlifnlly aided Comrades Maxfield and 
Brady in their work, assisting them in gathering statistics and 
incidents, and in shaping the story. It is a pleasure to the chair- 
man of the Historical Committee to state that, in all the years the 
members of the Committee have acted together, they have done 
so without misunderstanding or difference, no word having been 
uttered or written that has needed to be withdrawn. He thanks 
the members for the unanimity that has made his chairmanship 
a pleasure. He also thanks the comrades, not on the Committee, 
who on their part have waited with a unanimity of perfect pa- 
tience for the completion of the Committee's long and somewhat 
arduous task. Congratulating all concerned on the happy ending 
of this task, he has the pleasure of presenting to his old comrades 
in arms a completed history of the Eleventh Maine. 

J. A. HILL, 

CJiairman of the Historical Committee. 



CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER I. 

FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 

PAGE- 

Organization of the Regiment — Breaking Camp — On Our Way to 

"Washington — Camp Knox 1 

CHAPTER II. 

WASHINGTON. 

Meridian Hill — School of the Soldier — Calling the Hours — "Cor- 
poral of the Guard" — "Battle of tlie Sand Pits" — Brigade 
Formation — Carver Barracks — Colonel Davis— Barrack Life — 
Disease and Death — " On to Richmond " — A False Start . .11 

CHAPTER III. 

BEFORE TOKKTOWN. 

Planning the Campaign — The Embarkation — On Board the Consti- 
tution — The First Hostile Shot — Newport News — Young's Mills 
— Engagement at Lee's Mills — Siege Operations — Evacuation of 
Yorktown 1J> 

CHAPTER IV. 

TO THE CHICKAIIOMINY. 

The Pursuit of the Confederate Army — Battle of Williamsburg — A 
Terrible Night — Going over the Battlefield — Colonel Plaist'ed 
— The Chickahominy at Last — General Naglee's Reconnoissance 
to the James — Crossing the Chickahominy — Established at Fair 
Oaks 28 

CHAPTER V. 

THE BATTLE OP FAIR OAKS. 

The Situation of the Divisions of the Army of the Potomac— The 
Rising of the Chickahominy — The First Day of the Battle— The 
Pickets— The Second Day of the Battle— Colonel Plaisted's 
Report — List of Casualties 37 



Vlll CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER VI. 

ON THE CHICKAHOMINY. 

PAGE 

Guarding the Bridges — Jackson Reenforces Lee — The Battles of 
Mechanicsville and Gaines Mill — Preparations for Retreat to the 
James — A Strange Bombardment — Left at Savage Station . .51 

CHAPTER Vn. 

WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES. 

Across White Oak Swamp — Jackson Salutes with Thirty Guns — 
Naglee's Yankee Squad — A Battery Arrives just in Time — Battle 
of Glendale — Other Engagements of the Day — A Night March to 
the James — The Battle of Malvern Hill — Arrival at Harrison's 
Landing ........... 60 

CHAPTER VIII. 

harkison's landing. 

Evlington Heights — General McClellan's Address to the Army — From 
the Richmond Enquirer — A Foraging Raid and its Results — A 
Morning Alarm — From the Diaries — Lee Relieves Richmond by 
Threatening Washington — The Retreat to Yorktown . . 67 

CHAPTER IX. 

YORKTOWN. 

How we Became Severed from the Army of the Potomac — Shoveling 
Virginia Soil — Disposition of Troops — Catching Crabs — Country 
Produce — Contrabands — A Guerrilla Scare — Our New Recruits — 
From the New York Evening Post — The Veterans and the Recruits 
— A Grievance — An Ungrateful Pickaninny — General Emory — 
Tiie Raid into Matthews County — The Raid to Gloucester Court 
House ............ 79 

CHAPTER X. 

PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 

The Fourth Corps — General Keyes-^Changes in the Organization of 

the Regiment .......... 90 



CONTENTS. IX 

CHAPTER XI. 

DEPARTMENT OP NORTH CAROLINA. 

PAGE 

We Sail from Yorktowu — A Storm off Hatteras — Loss of the Monitor 
— Carolina City — lucidents from the Diaries — Naglee Commauds 
the Division — His Farewell Order to the Brigade — Confederates' 
Anticipations .......... 98 

CHAPTER Xn. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 

We Land on St. Helena Island— Incidents of Life There — The Break- 
ing up of Naglee's Brigade — Differences between General Officers 
of the Department — General Naglee Leaves the Department — 
The First Attack on Charleston — Its Failure and the Causes — 
The Military Operations That had Taken Place in the Depart- 
ment of the South — The Negro as a Soldier — The Northern 
Idea of Charleston's Defenses and Defenders .... 107 



CHAPTER XIII. 

BEAUFORT, SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Its Abandonment by its White Inhabitants, and Occupancy by the 
Union Forces — Raids of United States Negro Troops from this 
Point — The Confederate Weakness in South Carolina — Incidents 
of our Life in Beaufort — We Are Ordered to Fernandina, Fla. . Ill 



CHAPTER XIV. 

FERNANDINA, FLORIDA. 

We Sail from Beaufort to Fernandina— Colonel Plaisted as Post Com- 
mander, and his Staff — The Arrangement of Troops — Details for 
Detached Service — A Night Alarm— Outpost Duty — "Halt! 
Who Comes There ? " — The " Shakes," and Lieutenant Dunbar's 
Diary of a Personal Experience — Incidents of our Life in Fer- 
nandina — We Are Ordered to Morris Island . . . .122 



134 



X CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER XV, 

THE SIEGE OP CHARLESTON. 

I 

"We Land on Folly Island and March to Morris Island — The Geog- 
raphy of the Situation — General Q. A. Gillmore and his Military 
Antecedents — The Landing on Morris Island and the Assaults on 
Fort Wagner — The " Swamp Angel " Battery — It is Manned by 
a Detachment of Volunteers from the Eleventh Maine, who Left 
Fernandina in July for Artillery Service in the Siege — The Story 
of this Detachment as told by their Commander, Lieutenant Sell- 
mer ............ 

CHAPTER XVI. 

THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 

Turning Wagner and Gregg under the Enemy's Fire — Hard Fatigue 
and Guard Duty — The Confederate Fleet — Its Attack on our 
Fleet — Torpedo Boats — The Sinking of the Weehawlen — De- 
tachments of the Eleventh for Artillery Service — Experiences as 
Gunners in Battery Chatfield — Odd Escapes — Fun with a Captain 
— A Shell Breaks into our Magazine — Casualties — Night Bom- 
bardments — Attempt to Storm Sumter — The Artillery Detach- 
ments Return to the Regiment — Aggressive Work closed for the 
Season ........... 148- 

CHAPTER XVII. 

A "WINTER ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 

Our Brigade Formation — A Military Execution — Garrisoning Fort 
Wagner and Black Island — The "Veteran Volunteers " go North 
— Incidents of Life in Fort Wagner and on Black Island — April 
Fool — Climatic Record — A High Tide and a Great Storm— The 
Dead Uncovered — Beauregard Bombards us to Affect Operations 
in Florida — His Stratagem a Success — Experience with Shells — 
The Destruction of a Blockade Runner — Relieved, We Sail for 
Virginia ........... 15S 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

YORKTOWN AND GLOUCESTER POINT. 

Recollection and a Comparison — The Army of the James — The 
"Iron" Brigade — The " Veterans " Return with One Hundred 
and Seventy-six Recruits — Tiie Plan of Campaign — Preparations 
Completed — We Embark and Sail for Bermuda Hundred— Or- 
ganization of the Regiment at This Time 107 



I 



CONTENTS. XI 

CHAPTER XIX. 

OPERATIONS BEFOUE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 

PAGE 

The Landing at Bermuda Hundred — Clothing the Roadsides — Forag- 
ing — Marching and Countermarching — The Affair at Chester Sta- 
tion — An Expected Attack — Tlie Advance on Drury's Bluff — 
The Death of Lieutenant Brannen — Heavy Skirmishing — The 
Battle of Drury's Bluff— The Retreat— The Eleventh the Last 
Regiment to Reenter the Bermuda Hundred "Works — List of 
Casualties ........... 175 

CHAPTER XX. 

IN BERMUDA HUNDRED. 

The Eleventh Makes a Night Attack — List of Casualties — Heavy 
Fighting all along the Line — The Men as Axemen — "Bottled 
Up " — A Hearty Laugh — Reeuforcements for the Army of the Po- 
tomac — Beauregard's Reconnoissance in Force — The Stories of 
Our Companies — List of Casualties — Death of Colonel Spofford . 189 

CHAPTER XXI. 

DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. 

The Gillmore Fiasco — Our New Position — Private Haegan's Di- 
lemma — The Coming of Grant — The Assaults on Petersburg — 
Beauregard Evacuates Bermuda Hundred Lines — An Adventure 
of the Tenth Connecticut — The Arrival of Lee and the Flight 
of the "Hundred Days" Men — A Joke on Myself — Lee's Vet- 
erans Assault our Front, while Those of Grant are Assaulting 
Beauregard's Position at Petersburg — Cessation of Attacks — Cas- 
ualties 204: 

CHAPTER XXII. 

AT DEEP BOTTOM. 

We Cross the James and Capture Deep Bottom Bluff— Its Advantages 
as a Base of Operations on the North Side — Finding a "Pot of 
Gold "—Hill and Baldwin Promoted— A False Alarm— Raiding 
the Enemy's Sources of Supply — Capturing Pickets to Secure 
Information — Colonel Hill's Adventure — Colonel Hill Leads an 
Attack on the Enemy and is Commended in Reports— Colonel 
Plaisted Commands the Eleventh and the Tenth Connecticut in 
•Operations on Strawberry Plains — Hard Fighting— A Sad Acci- 



xn CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

dent — Grant's Object — Arrival of Hancock and Sheridan — Miles's 
Brigade, assisted by the Tenth Connecticut, Captures Four 
Twenty-pound Guns — The Movements of Hancock and Sheridan 
— General Grant on the Ground — Report of a Rebel Prisoner — 
Hancock's Troops Withdrawn — We Retire to the Bluff — Casual- 
ties 314 

CHAPTER XXHI. 

THE BATTLE OF DE^P BOTTOM. 

The Tenth Connecticut Attacked — A Night Attack — Volunteers for 
the Dutch Gap Canal — A Military Execution — Marching Orders 
— The Coming of Hancock — Baldwin Leads the Attack — Hill 
Assumes Command as Baldwin Falls — The General Assault — We 
Capture the Enemy's Outworks — The Second Corps Repulsed — 
Casualties 333 

CHAPTER XXIV. 

THE BATTLES OP DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL'S MILL. 

On Reserve — Form for Assault — Carry the Enemy's First Line — A 
Terrible Rifle Fire — A Momentary Check — A Desperate Assault 
— Our Left Enfiladed — A Graphic Pen Picture by Sergeant 
Miller — Our Loss in Officers — Captain Merrill in Command — 
Regiments on our Right Fall Back — The Fight for Our Flag — 
The Final Assault — Our Rapid Retreat — Reform Quickly and 
Clieck Pursuit — Casualties— The Dash of Gregg and Miles 
— Throwing up Intrenchments — Skylarking — The Assault at 
Fussell's Mill — Nearly a Panic — Fall Back to the Right— Retreat 
to the James — At Deep Bottom again ...... 343 

CHAPTER XXV. 

PETEKSBURG. 

A Sad March and a Glad Countermarch — A Night March to Peters- 
burg — We Take Position near Fort Hell — Disappointed Artillery- 
men — Under a Continual Fire — Tiie Death of Bassett — A Brave 
Soldier — A Day in a Picket Hole — Pleasant Fatigue Duty — 
Scurvy — Swindling tlie Surgeon's Cook — Roaring Shotted Salutes 
and an Incident of One — Major Camp's Description of a Mid- 
night Shotted Salute — Colonel Plaisted's Narrow Escape — Re- 
lieved and Fall Back out of the Line of Fire — Casualties . . 357 



I 



CONTENTS. xiii 

CHAPTER XXVI. 

THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 

FAOE 

Colonel Plaisted's Care of tlie Regiment — Drills once ^More — Marcli- 
ing Orders — A Night March to Deep Bottom — "Who Stole tlie 
Butter ? "—The Object of the Expedition— Capture of Works 
before Deep Bottom — General Ord Captures Fort Harrison and 
Other Works — Ord Wounded and Ileckman Assumed Command 
— Fails to Carry the Works — We March on Richmond — See its 
Spires and Roofs — Forced to Fall Back — Intrenching — Move- 
ments — Skirmishing — Kautz Loses his Position — We Face the 
Victors — Their Assault and Defeat — Casualties — A Recounois- 
sance in Force and its Casualties — General Birney's Death — The 
Cavalry Driven in, and we Move out and Retake their Lost 
Position — The Last Engagement of the War on the North Side 
of the James — The Breaking up of the Old Organization — Re- 
duced to a Battalion — Lieutenant Maxfield in Command — Go to 
New York to Keep the Peace — Return to Cliapin's Farm — 
The Return of Hill and Baldwin — A Regiment once More — 
Losses in the Campaign ........ 2G9 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

IN WINTER QUARTERS. 

The Opposing Lines — Changes in the Army of the James — Tiie 
Twenty-fourth Corps — Its Badge — Changes in the Rank and File 
of the Regiment — Sergeant Blake's Story of Prison Life — 
Changes in the Field, Staff, and Line of the Regiment — General 
Plaisted's Farewell Order 285 

CHAPTER XXVIII. 

LAST DAYS ON THE NORTH SIDE. 

Colonel Dandy the Brigade Commander — Hill and Baldwin Promoted 
—The Fame of Hill— Henry O. Fox and Other Adjutants— Our 
Quartermasters — Our Surgeons — Our Chaplains — The Non-com- 
missioned Staff — The New Line Officers — The New Men— Our 
Camp— A Cold Winter— Pickets and their Whiskey Ration— Re- 
viewed by General Grant and Secretary Stanton — Reviewed by 
President Lincoln— iMarching Orders — To the South Side Again 
— Orsauization of the Recjiment ....... 295 



XIV CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER XXIX. 

THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 

PAGE 

Winter Operations in the South — Sherman's March to North Carolina 
— His Consultation with Grant and Lincoln — Their Plan of Cam- 
paign — Grant Takes the Initiative — Our Historical Night March 
from the Extreme Right to the Extreme Left of the Union Line — 
Sheridan AdvaucTes with the Second and Fifth Corps in Support 
— The Battle of Five Forks — Our Experiences on the Night 
March and on the SecfOnd Corps Front — General Hill Commands 
our Advance — Orders a Rifle Fire that Silences a Battery — A 
Rebel Night Attack — Its Repulse — Baldwin Wounded and Gen- 
eral Dandy Disobeyed — Grant's Plan of Assault — Captain Max- 
field Commands our Front — His Night Attack — Its Repulse — 
Captain Norris Reconnoiters and Reports — The Signal Gun and 
the Grand Assault — Its Success — Captain Maxfield Attacks and 
Captures his Front, a Battery of Artillery and its Supports — The 
Advance of the Skirmishers of the Eleventh — Quickly under Fire 
— The Assault of the Rebel Barracks — Set on Fire — Fighting 
among the Blazing Structures — The Assault on Fort Gregg led 
by Lieutenant Payne of Our Regiment — That on Fort Whitworth 
led by A and B of the Eleventh under Command of Captain 
Rolfe, of A, and Lieutenant Brady, in Command of B — The Sur- 
render of the Two Forts after a Desperate Resistance — The Close 
of the Battles of the Day — Casualties 307 

CHAPTER XXX. 

THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 

The Predicament of General Lee — His Decision — The Abandonment 
of Richmond and its Occupancy by Union Troops — Grant Fol- 
lows Lee's Escaping Column — Ord and the Twenty-fourth Corps 
Cut Loose as a Flying Column — Incidents of the March — We 
Reach Burkeville Junction and Place Ourselves between Lee and 
Johnston after a Steady March of Fifty-three Miles — The Move- 
ments of Sheridan and Meade — General Read's Fatal March on 
High Bridge — We Advance on Rice's Station to Meet Lougstreet 
—He Evades Us— The Battle of Sailor's Creek— Farmville— The 
Bridges Burned except one Saved by the Second Corps — This 
Corps boldly Crosses, and Unsupported Confronts the Confeder- 
ate Army — The Tweuty-fourtli and the Fifth Corps Move out of 
Farmville and Push towards Appomattox Court House to Cut 
off Lee — Incidents of the March — An Early Morning Rest in the 



CONTENTS. 



XV 



Rear of Sheridan — A Greasy Breakfast — Interrupted by the Ad- 
vancing Enemy — In Line of Battle and in the Front Once More — 
A Cavalry Retreat — The Assault of Gordon's Men — We Beat them 
Back and Follow on Their Heels — Our Assault on a Battery — 
Beaten Back, we Reform and are again Advancing when the An- 
nouncement of Lee's Surrender is Made to Us — Casualties . . 319 

CHAPTER XXXI. 

AFTER THE SURRENDER. 

Tlie Formal Surrender — Our March to Richmond — Our Life There — 
Ordered to Northeastern Virginia — Incidents of Life in Freder- 
icksburg — Ordered to Reunite — We Meet at Fredericksburg and 
are Sent to City Point — Mustered Out — Are Sent to Augusta — 
Paid off and Disbanded 332 

PERSONAL SKETCHES. 



Field .... 
















. 345 


Staff .... 














. 348 


Non-commissioned Staff 
















. 350 


Band .... 
















. 352 


Company A 
















. 354 


Company B 
















. 364 


Company C 
















. 370 


Company D 
















. 376 


Company E 
















. 385 


Company F 
















. 392 


Company G 
















. 401 


Company H 
















. 410 


Company I 
















. 420 


Company K 
















. 428 


Nurses 












. 435 


ROSTER . 
















i-lxx 



THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

CHAPTER I. 

FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 

Organization of the Regiment — Breaking Camp — On Our "Way to Wasli- 
ington — Camp Knox. 

The Field and Staff, the Band, and the ten Companies of the 
Eleventh Regiment, Maine Infantry Volnnteers, were made up of 
the following named : 

Field axd Staff. 

John C. Caldwell, Colonel. 

Harris M. Flaisted, Lieutenant-Colonel. 

William M. Shaw, Major. 

Charles J. Pennell, Adjutant. 

Ivory J. Robinson, Quartermaster. 

Albert S. Clark, Surgeon. 

"William C. Gordon, Assistant Surgeon. 

Caleb H. Ellis, Chaplain. 

Harrison Hume, Sergeant-Major. 

George H. Caldwell, Quartermaster Sergeant. 

Henry C. Adams, Commissary Sergeant. 

Joseph D. Moore, Hospital Steward. 

Corydon A. Alvord, Jr., Drum ]\[ajor. 

Sylvester C. Moody, Fife Major. 

Band. 
James W. McDonald, Leader, 
Musicians. 
Abram Barnes, Benjamin F. Brown, 

Roscoe G. Buck, Samuel C. Chick, 



THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 



Marshall S. Eastman, 
Joseph M. Fuller, 
Isaac C. Hovey, 
Thomas K. Jones, 
Meltiah W. Lawrence, 
Henry C. Long, 
Nathan W. Pease, 
Thomas J. Eobinson, 
David Stevens, 
Calvin E. Woodbury, 



Alexander Fuller, 
Nathan U. Hinckley. 
Joseph R. W. Huntress, 
James M. Larrabee, 
AVilliam Libby, 
John M. Pease, 
John H. Paine, 
George B. Safford, 
Benjamin W. Storer. 

Total, 38. 



Company A. 

Woodbury S. Pennell, Captain. 
Sylvanus B. Bean, First Lieutenant. 
Randall Libby, 2d, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Joseph 0. Gentleman, First Sergeant ; 
William H. Kaler, Lewis H. Holt, 

Charles M. Moore, Albert Leighton. 



Corjwi'als. 



Charles J. Noyes, 
Charles E. Poor, 
Armandell Barbour, 
William H. H. Frye, 



George A. Bakeman, 
Moses L. Lufkin, 
Angavine Gray, 

Collins. 



George W 



Frank Stone, Musician. 
Augustus S. Davis, Wagoner. 

Number of Privates, 63 — total. 81. 



Company B. 

William H, Kimball, Captain. 
Nathaniel W. Cole, First Lieutenant. 
James H. Albee, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

James Whitney, First Sergeant ; 
Charles A. Cook, Abijah S. Lord, 

William Wiley, George Payne. 



FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 3 

Corporals. 
Alexander T. Katon, George M. Rollins, 

Ausbnm Hutchins, Henry M. Neal, 

Charles J. McCuusland, James A. Ridlon, 

James H. Taylor, Stephen H. Emerson. 

Musiciayis. 
John S. Kelley, Benjamin A. Smith. 

Number of Privates, CI — total, 79. 

Company C. 

Robert F. Campbell, Captain. 
George W. Seavey, First Lieutenant. 
J. William West, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Edgar A. Nickels, First Sergeant ; 
Charles W. Woods, Adams D. Plummer, 

Lemuel E. Newcomb, Fletcher K. Leigh ton. 

Corporals. 
S. Albert Seavey, Horace F. Albee, 

Jacob W. Gardiner, James Gross, 

Charles W^. Bridgham, Calif Smith, 

Thomas S. Albee, William Libby. 

Musicians. 
Henry E. Gardiner, Artemas Foster. 

William F. Burnham, Wagoner. 

Number of Priyates, 62— total,[81. 

Company D. 

Leonard S. Harvey, Captain. 

John D. Stanwood, First Lieutenant. 

Gibson S. Budge, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Robert Brady, First Sergeant ; 
Abner F. Bassett, James W. Noyes, 

Judson L. Young, Francis M. Johnson. 



THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Corporals. 
Johu McDonald, Richard W. Dawe, 

Ephraim Francis, Hnghej G. Rideout, 

John Sherman, Benjamin Grould, 

William H. Chamberlain, Freeman R. Dakin. 

Robert A. Strickland, Musician. 
Henry W. Rider, Wagoner. 

Number of Privates, 77 — total, 95. 

Company E. 

Samuel B. Straw, Captain. 

Francis W. Wiswell, First Lieutenant. 

Francis W. Sabine, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Lawson G. Ireland, First Sergeant ; 
Daniel S. Cole, Stephen B. Foster, 

John N. Weymouth, Daniel T. Mayo. 

Corporals. 
Peter Bunker, Charles F. Wheeler, 

John Higgins, Charles Babcock, 

John S. Hodgdon, James J. Bunker. 

John B. Reed, Wagoner. 

Number of Privates, G7— total, 82. 

Company F. 

Augustus P. Davis, Captain. 
John M. Beal, First Lieutenant. 
Samuel G. Sewall, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Thomas A. Brann, First Sergeant : 
Charles H. Scott, Alfred G. Brann, 

Henry 0. Fox, Benjamin F. Dunbar. 

Corporals. 
Archibald Clark, Calvin R. Sears, 

John C. Ross, James A. Scoullar, 

Rnfus N. Burgess, John C. Meader, 

William B. Joy, Daniel S. Smith. 



FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 5 

Musicians. 
Franklin B. Morrill, Ira M. Rollins. 

AVciidcll F. Joy, Wagoner. 

Nimiber of Privates, 79 — total, 98. 

Company G. 

Winslow P. Spofford, Captain. 
Chas. E. Illsley, First Lieutenant. 
John S. Dodge, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
William H. H. Rice, First Sergeant ; 
Thomas Clark, Rufus H. Wingate, 

Caleb Philbrick, John D. Clark. 

Corporals. 
James C. Wentwortli, Alfred E. Conners, 

Isaac H. Small, William H. Burrill, 

Judson Salisbury, James H. Abbott. 

Ambrose P. Phillips, Wagoner. 

Number of Privates, 73 — total, 88. 

Company H. 

Royal T. Nash, Captain. 

Nelson T. Smith, First Lieutenant. 

Charles A. Fuller, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Ezra W. Gould, First Sergeant ; 
William F. Haskell, George E. Morrill, 

Nathan J. Gould, Joseph Harris. 

Corporals. 
Alvin Morrill, Cyrus H. Perkins, 

Albert L. Rankin, George W. Smith, 

William H. Girrell, James Ellis, 

Dustin Sands, Silas Howard. 

William L. Pinkham, Musician. 
John E. Gould, Wagoner. 

Number of Privates, 73 — total, 91. 



6 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

On December 26, 1861, the non-commissioned officers of Com- 
pany H were rearranged as follows : ^ 

Sergeants. 
Luther Lawrence, First Sergeant ; 
Ezra Gould, James M. Thompson, 

Nathan J. Gould, George W. vSmith. 

Corporals. 
Alvin Morrill, Seth A. Ramsdell, 

Joseph Harris, Daniel M. Dill, 

James Ellis, Cyrus H. Perkins, 

Dustin Sands, William H. Girrell. 

COMPAJSTT I. 

John Pomroy, Captain. 

Benjamin B. Foster, First Lieutenant. 

Simeon H. Merrill, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
George A. Strattou, First Sergeant ; 
Geo. B. Weymouth, A. Litchfield Leland, 

George Leader, William W. Foster. 

Corporals. 
George W. Butterfield, William Brannen, 

Joseph S. Butler, John Wilson, 

David B. Snow, Elbridge G. Decker, 

Charles W. Trott, Eobert Doyle. 

William M. Brick, Musician. 
George Foster, Wagoner. 

Number of Privates, 66 — total, 84:. 

Company K. 

Jonathan A. Hill, Captain. 

Melville M. Folsom, First Lieutenant. 

Albert G. Mudgett, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Alphonzo Patten, First Sergeant ; 
William P. Plaisted, Horatio Knowles, 

Nelson P. Cram, George B. Noyes. 



FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 7 

Corporals. 
Daniel West, * Calvin S. Chapman, 

Charles H. Foster, Daniel D. Noyes, 

Charles G. L. Aiken, John E. Smith, 

George W. Small, Silas 11. Kenney. 

Abner Brooks, Musician. 
Joseph G. Ricker, Wagoner. 

Number of Privates, 75 — total, 93. 
Total of the Regiment, 910. 

The regiment as thus organized was mustered into the United 
States service the 12th day of November, 1861, was uniformed, 
was reviewed by Governor Israel Washburn, Jr., and the 13th day 
of November was on its way to Washington, where it was to be 
armed, and, in the minds of its more sanguine members, was to 
immediately proceed to "hang Jeff Davis to a sour apple-tree." 
This was the war song of the original regiment, and in the even- 
ings of the days of our stay at Augusta the camp resounded with 
its stirring chorus. 

The marching order issued to the Eleventh by Governor Wash- 
burn contains so handsome a compliment to the original members 
of the regiment, the only one of its kind given in orders to an 
outgoing Maine regiment (so Captain Clark assures us), that it 
possesses a personal and historical value to everyone interested in 
the fame of the Eleventh. We give it in full: 

State of Maine. 
Headquarters, Adjutant-General's Office, 

Augusta, Me., Novemher 12, 1801. 

General Order No. 54. 

Colonel Caldwell's Regiment, the Eleventh Maine Volunteers, 
composed of the following companies, viz. : 

Company A, Captain Pennell ; 
Company B, Ca])tain Kimball ; 
Company C, Captain Campbell ; 
Company D, Captain Harvey ; 
Company E, Captain Straw ; 
Company F, Captain Davis ; 
Company G, Captain Spofford ; 
Company H, Captain Nash ; 
Company I, Captain Pomroy; 
Company K, Captain Hill ; 



8 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

having been mustered into the service of the United States, 
and returned enlistment descriptive and muster rolls in proper 
form, and duly certified to this oflBce, and been furnished, upon 
due requisitions, by the Quartermaster-General's Department of 
this State with a full and complete outfit of camp equipage, 
utensils, clothing, uniforms, and equipments, and all other neces- 
sary articles (except arms), for immediate service in the field, will 
break up their camp at this place on Wednesday morning, the 
13th instant, at such hour as Colonel Caldwell may direct, and 
forthwith leave for Washington, per railroad. 

Eatious in sufficient quantity for subsistence of the troops until 
after their arrival in AVashington, and assignment to quarters and 
duty, have been duly furnished them by order of Lieutenant- 
Colonel Seth Eastman of tlie United States Army. 

The Commander-in-Chief cannot permit the present occasion 
to pass without an expression of his gratification at the evidence 
of the increasing patriotism of his fellow-citizens, shown in the 
promptness with which the members of this regiment have enlisted 
for the defense of the Government, and the zeal and readiness 
with which they have taken upon themselves the obligations of a 
soldier. 

Their sense of duty has surmounted the motive of special bounty, 
hitherto bestowed, and made them willing to do, and to suffer, if 
need be, for the vindication of the majesty of the Laws and the 
imperishable Constitution. 

By order of the Commander-in-Chief. 

(Signed,) John L. Hodsdon, 

Adjutant- General. 

The morning of November 13th, long before daylight, the cir- 
cular Ellis tents we had camped in were taken down, and the camp 
became a gipsy one in appearance ; the camp fires burning with 
increasing brilliancy as the camp debris was heaped upon them, 
until a red glare of almost noonday intensity gave light to the men 
engaged in piling the tents into baggage wagons for removal to 
the cars, to the bustling officers and non-commissioned officers as 
they hurried back and forth shouting orders and counter-orders to 
their distracted men, and to the throngs of loyal ladies and girls 
who, in hurried but none the less charming costumes, bearing pails 
of hot coffee and armloads of sandwiches, cakes, and pies, had 
arisen at an unseemly hour to cheer the hearts of the heroes about 
to depart for the seat of war. The ladies of Augusta were always 
the friends of the Eleventh Maine ; and the men of the Eleventh 
Maine have always been respectful admirers of the ladies of 
Augusta. 



FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 1> 

At last we were on our way to Portland. The enthusiasm along 
the road was enchanting. Hurrahing crowds were at every station, 
flags floated from many liouses, delegations of town officials bade 
us God-speed at every stopping-place, and as an example of the 
wide liberty accorded us, the girls, all crying with the sympatiietic 
excitement of the moment, were not as enraged as perhaps they 
ought to have been when some bold soldier boy would leap from 
his car to clasp an especially pretty one in his arms, to kiss lier 
heartily, her smothered screams of pleased consternation un!ieard 
in the hurrah with which not only his comrades, but the citizens 
too, would greet his gallantry. 

We moved southward as triumphantly as if we were returning, 
not departing soldiers, our men hoarse with shouting, our band 
playing patriotic and sentimental airs at every opportunity ; in 
short, all of us wild with excitement, and fortunately ignorant of 
what the South had in store for us. 

Our men made sure that when we reached opulent Portland 
they would be accorded not only a rousing reception but an 
abundant collation, one fit in every way for a thousand hungry 
men. Alas ! whether the citizens of Portland were saving their 
enthusiasm for the ongoing of the regiments forming within 
the borders of their own city, and so had none to spare for a regi- 
ment that had rendezvoused in another, if not a rival city ; or 
whether it was that they were already blase with martial glory is 
a question ; the fact remains that they did not offer the i*ank and 
file of our regiment either reception or collation, only giving the 
officers of the regiment a hasty. lunch. It was a disappointment 
to the many of our men forced to satisfy the cravings of empty 
stomachs with the cold, dry, army rations in their havei'sacks. 
Our jaws had not yet acquired the leverage necessary to the mas- 
tication of 'Miard-tack." These required a different biting power 
than had sufficed for the biscuits of our experience. For exam- 
ple. Captain Maxfield's diary has this illustrative entry concerning 
his first meal off army rations: ''My ration for the first night 
consists of three hard breads. They are very good, but my 
jaws are so tired after eating two that I think I will leave the 
other." 

It must have been just after such an experience that a regi- 
mental bard dropped into the sarcastic rhymes in which he told 
us : 



10 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

" The rot took their potatoes, 

And the weevil took their grain, 
So they'd nothing left to give us, 
In Portland City, Maine." 

Leaving the cold-hearted city behind us, we sped toward Boston, 
still through an enthusiastic country. We arrived in Boston in 
the evening, and, marching to Faneuil Hall, were entertained 
with a bountiful supper, after partaking of which we took the 
cars for Fall River. Arriving, we went on board the steamer 
State of Maine, and steamed for New York City, arriving late in 
the forenoon of November 14th. 

We were here given our inrst lesson in military rule. We 
marched from the boat-landing to barracks situated in City Hall 
Park, where we were kept for some hours with every avenne to 
sight-seeing closed by armed sentinels. Clinging to the iron 
railings of the high fence surrounding the courtyard of the bar- 
racks, we could see but little more than the City Hall, the old 
Neiu York Times building, and the ramshackle one then occupied 
by Horace Greeley and his politically omnipotent Trihiuie. 

In the course of the day we crossed the North River to Jersey 
City, and took the cars for Washington. We halted at Philadel- 
phia, where we were given a fine supper ; then, reentering our 
train, traveled the night of the 14th and the day of the 15th, so 
slow were military trains in those days, not reaching Washington 
until in the night of the 15th. We passed the last part of that 
night on the not so very soft plank flooring of the Baltimore 
& Ohio Railroad Depot. 

In the morning of November 16th, after breakfasting on coffee 
made in the public streets (in defiance of the local guardians of 
the peace), and such rations as we had left in our haversacks, eked 
out by the mercenary hospitality of swarming pie-women, venders 
of the tough-crusted pies Washington was famous for in those 
days — pies so suggestive of leather that the soldier in the play 
asks if they are sewed or pegged. We were marched to Meridian 
Hill, where, our Ellis tents arriving, we pitched Camp Knox. 



CHAPTER 11. 

WASHINGTON. 

Meridiau Hill— School of the Soldier — Calling the Hours— "Corporal 
of the Guard"— "Battle of the Sand Pits "—Brigade Formation- 
Carver Barracks — Colonel Davis — Barrack Life — Disease and Death 
—"On to Richmond"— A False Start. 

Camp Knox was beautifully situated on a slope of Meridian 
Hill. The camp overlooked the city of Washington and a stretch 
of adjoining country, its rear resting on a deep wood-bordered 
ravine, through which flowed a stream, the fountain-head supply- 
ing us with an abundance of jiure water. 

We were now armed, and set to learning our drill from the 
" School of the Soldier." Some of us had first to unlearn all the 
drill we had so far acquired, for certain of our military authorities 
had taught us from Scott's obsolete tactics, while Casey's, a patri- 
otic revision of the rebel Hardee's, were the adopted tactics of 
the army. 

For a while one antiquated custom prevailed, the calling of the 
night hours by the sentinels. As our camp was a large one, our 
guard-posts were numerous, so that the first quarter of each hour 
of the night was rendered hideous by a cry that passed along from 
post to post of " ten (or so) o'clock and a-l-l-'s well," the cry run- 
ning from the roar of some deep-chested bull of a man to a shrill 
wailing cry as of a woman at a wake. But this disturbance to 
sleep was soon discontinued and the sleepy sentinels obliged to 
pace their posts silently ; that is, except when they passed the cry 
for the "corporal of the guard" along. This cry, too, would 
some nights ring over and over again, in all possible voices. 
These were the nights when the sentries of a relief were hazing a 
new or an objectionable corporal. And after one of these worthy 
non-coms, had passed his two hours in trotting from guard-house 
to post, to stand temporary guard for this and that tormentor, 
he would throw himself on the guard-bed fully determined that 
before he was another twenty-four hours older he would insist 
on being killed, promoted to sergeant, or reduced to the ranks. 



12 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

But DO cor])oral but one, that I ever knew, really resigned his war- 
rant, and as the one did so in favor of his brother, his resignation 
was looked upon as an expression of fraternal regard rather than 
as a deliberately taken backward step from the first one out of 
the ranks to a commission of major-general. 

The notable event of the several weeks the regiment occupied 
Camp Knox was the Battle of the Sand Pits, by which name the 
quarrel between the men of the Eleventh and those of a United 
States cavalry regiment camped near Camp Knox is known to 
the initiated. Whatever the cause of the quarrel, it culminated 
in an undisciplined rush to arms, and a prompt occupation of 
the disputed sand pits by the more hot-headed of the Eleventh. 
Fortunately, no blood was shed before the officers of the two regi- 
ments got their men under control. And no reputations were 
lost in this engagement, and but one was made, that of Private 
John Longley, of D Company, who, with characteristic French- 
Canadian impetuosity, slipped a cartridge into the muzzle of his 
Austrian rifle, bullet end first, effectually spiking the piece. 

The Eleventh was now brigaded with the One Hundred and 
Fourth and Fifty-second Pennsylvania and the Fifty-sixth and 
One Hundredth New York Eegiments, with Eegan's Seventh 
New York Battery of six 3-inch ordnance guns attached. Colonel 
W. W. H. Davis, of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, 
assumed command of the brigade by reason of seniority of com- 
mission. 

On New Year's Day, 1862, soon after this formation, the brigade 
went into winter quarters in Carver Barracks, on the crown of 
Meridian Hill.* Each regiment was now domiciled in a dozen or 
fourteen one-story wooden houses ; slicll-like structures of from 
fifty to sixty feet in length, twenty-five or thirty feet in widtli, 
and separated from each other by a street of j^erhaps twenty-five 
feet in width. The buildings of each regiment bordered one side 
of a great esplanade, the garrison flag floating from a tall staif in 
its center, each building laying a gable end to this square, which 
was common to all for drill and parade purposes. 

The winter was passed in perfecting the drill and discijiline of 

the men, the officers gaining their technical military knowledge 

book in hand, while imparting the contents to their stalwart 

pupils. In this way both officers and men practiced assiduously 

* These barracks were built by detailed artificers of the brigade. 



WASHTNGTOK. 13 

until they conld load and fire in a truly military manner, march 
with mathematical accuracy, and wheel geometrically. The men 
also learned to obey orders without demur or (juestion, under pen- 
alty of " death, or some worse punishment," as they would have 
it the United States Army Regulations, read to them so frequently, 
provided for about all the offenses in the military decalogue, this 
being their free rendering of the often closing phrase of a para- 
graph : "Death, or such other punishment as the sentence of a 
court-martial may inflict.'' 

As Colonel Davis, our brigade commander, had served in the 
Mexican War, he had clear ideas of the necessity of military dis- 
cipline, and did not hesitate to punish any breach thereof. Those 
of our men inclined to overstay their passes, or to indulge in 
intoxicating liquors to an appreciable extent, or to otherwise in- 
fract the rules laid down for their guidance — especially sentinels 
inclined to accept " whiskey " as a satisfactory countersign from 
guard-running comrades — soon learned that the heads of barrels 
were unpleasant things to stand on for several hours at a time, 
that a heavily loaded knapsack when carried for hours grew 
steadily heavier with passing time, and that the " wooden horse'' 
by the guard-house had a wonderfully unpleasant backbone for its 
involuntary riders. We will not ask these sufferers to express 
their opinion of Colonel Davis, but the most of us learned to 
rather like his pleasant, soldierly face, and to admire his light, 
trim figure as we saw it riding around on the speckled mustang 
he had brought from Mexico, as lie had the silver-mounted saddle 
and bridle with wliicli the mustang was usually caparisoned. 
Colonel Davis's apparently low-pitched voice was our wonder. 
On brigade drills it would ring out to the uttermost points of the 
line. It was as clear, as piercing, and as far-reaching as a bugle 
call. 

In after-months the writer of this sketch was one of his boy 
orderlies, and learned to know him well ; he can say, from the 
daily contact and observation of months, that he never met a 
more fatherly, kind-hearted, or admirable gentleman than General 
Davis, as he now deservedly ranks. 

At first the company barracks were partitioned into rooms, four 
or five in number, each room occupied by a squad, usually a self- 
selected one, in charge of a sergeant. But these partitions were 
soon torn down, and the whole company, except the commissioned 



14 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

oflBcers, who retained their separate quarters in the ends of the 
buildings abutting on the parade ground, occupied the large, hall- 
like room thus made. One reason for this change of plan— an- 
other was a hygienic one — may have been that while the company 
rooms were in existence a state of verbal war existed between the 
occupants of the different rooms. While, for example, in one room 
a prayer meeting might be going on, an enthusiastic new recruit 
to the Army of the Lord straining his lungs in enunciating his 
budding religious views, in an adjoining room, separated only by 
a thin board partition, a card party would be in progress, vocifer- 
ously " swinging for Jack " ; and on the other side of the prayer- 
meeting room the company's singing club would be waking the 
echoes with, " And ! the battles I've been in, to my ankles deep 
in blood " — a sanguinary declaration that the realities of the 
Peninsula campaign gave the singers good reason to change to 
" deep in mud." 

With the destruction of the partitions all the enlisted men came 
under the immediate control of the First Sergeant, whose duty it now 
became to keep the peace ; an arduous duty that did not cease even 
with taps. He must sleep cat-like, and have a candle and matches 
by his bunk that, when a secreted cudgel, or other missile, should be 
hurled across the dark room, aimed at about the spot some person 
obnoxious to the thrower would be located, as the clamorous voice 
of the victim would rise in a howl of pain and wrath, the scratch 
of a match might be heard and by the flickering flare of a lighting 
candle tlie First Sergeant would be seen standing in the middle of 
the floor in comical deshabille, his snapping eyes and questioning 
tongue trying to search out the culprit from among the gi'owling, 
sleepy-looking heads roused from their rude pillows by the sudden 
commotion. The rascal was rarely caught. Indeed, how could 
he be when, if not one of the most sleepy-looking of the growling 
lot, he was one of the still snoring ones that nothing short of an 
earthquake could seemingly wake up ? 

To the fact that we had not yet the community of recollections 
to thrash over and over, that served to while away idle hours 
spent in other winter quarters, must be attributed much of the 
dullness of this winter in Washington. How to kill time when 
off duty was a problem. I remember that we of Company D 
killed a numl)er of evenings while in Camp Knox by meeting in 
first one tent one evening, the adjoining one the next, and so on 



WASHINGTON. 15 

through the line of company tents, to while away time by obliging 
each occupant of the tent we met in to tell the story of his life. 
And a meager story-telling fare it was, on the whole. A few had 
something to tell, as Amaziah Hunter, who had been a coastwise 
sailor, so could tell of storms and cities ; and Amaziah told true 
stories, I think — something that cannot be said of all mariners. 
For I remember that, before the war, while '* working on the 
road " one spring, we had a sailor with us, one that had abandoned 
the sea and taken to agriculture. We led him into telling us of 
his adventurous life, and as he told of years spent here and there, 
a wicked member of our easy-working crew of road tinkers kept 
tally of the different periods, all unknown to tiie ex-sailor, who 
was blasphemously enraged when gravely called to account for the 
fact that, though he professed to be but forty years old by the 
family Bible, he was certainly over one hundred years old by the 
total of his own account of his years of various adventure. 

There was a great deal of homesickness this winter, and no 
wonder. Accustomed hitherto to family surroundings and fra- 
ternal sympathy, now huddled pell-mell into a great room, with 
an unaccustomed diet — though a plentiful, a rough one, when 
compared with a home one — without accustomed privacy, sternly 
required to keep the hours by drum tap and bugle call, it is no 
wonder that most, if not all, of the men were homesick. The 
symptoms were not noisy ones, neither sighing nor crying ones, 
but the eagerness with which letters were looked for, the hours 
spent in letter- writing, and the almost childish delight with which 
a box from home, filled with cakes and pies made by loving hands, 
was received, attested that to the minds of our men there was 
"no place like home.'' 

That many of the regiment succumbed to even the slight hard- 
ship of this barrack life, and that many more succumbed to the 
sterner hardships of the Peninsula campaign, and had to be dis- 
charged from service, is no reflection upon their manhood. For 
in nearly all cases their inability to undergo the unavoidable hard- 
ships of a soldiers life, whether in barrack or camp, was the result 
of some constitutional weakness, hitherto unsuspected perhaps, 
now coming to the front to take advantage of the low spirits and 
flaccid physique of the victim. And it miast not be forgotten that 
the percentage of enlisted men discharged during the first year, if 
not in the first two years, of the war, was not larger than that of 



16 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

officers resigning. Indeed, it was but very little more difficult for 
an enlisted man to get discharged than it was for an officer to 
resign. The doctors were not yet callous, and the fact that a poor 
fellow was pining for home was considered a fair enough reason 
for recommending his discharge. 

It is a matter to note that very many of those discharged early 
in their terms of service could not reconcile their consciences 
to remain citizens, but reenlisted in our own and other regi- 
ments. 

The prevailing diseases in the winter of 1862 were infantile 
ones ; mumps, measles, and whooping-cough. This was not 
peculiar to our own regiment. General Viele says rather extrava- 
gantly of the Eighth Maine, of his brigade, that they " caught 
the mumps and measles to a man." He accounts for their doing 
so in this wholesale manner by concluding that " in the pure air 
of the pine woods where they came from these diseases of child- 
hood had never prevailed '' — an erroneous conclusion, as we 
know, for the majority of us had found just these diseases preva- 
lent enough at times in the same pine woods. And a comparison 
of notes shows that many regiments from other States suffered 
from these diseases equally with those from Maine — not only 
from the States of tlie North but from those of the South, from 
Maine to Louisiana, from the pure air of tiie pine w^oods to the 
malarial air of the Gulf. For General ^' Dick " Taylor, the first 
colonel of the Ninth Louisiana Regiment, states that these diseases 
were a particular scourge, not only in his regiment, but in the 
whole Confederate army that lay in camps along Manassas that 
winter. And the carefully considered statement he makes of the 
causes and deadly effects of these apparently trivial diseases tells 
our own experience so happily that we quote it : " Drawn almost 
exclusively from rural districts, where the families lived isolated, 
the men were scourged with mumps, whooping-cough, and 
measles, diseases readily overcome by childhood in city popula- 
tions. Measles proved as vii-nlent as smallpox or cholera ; 
sudden changes of temperature drove the eruption from the sur- 
face to the internal organs, and fevers, lung and typhoid, and 
dysenteries followed ! " Yes, and death followed too often, for 
the mortality in the Eleventh Maine was very large, numbers of 
our boys dying that winter from these very causes and effects. 

We will close this hasty sketch of the first months of our army 



WASHINGTON. 17 

service, a sketch intended to be suggestive rather than complete, 
by recording a few incidents and anecdotes of general interest. 

Captain Maxfield's diary notes, under date of Marcli 11, 1863 : 
*' Company K left in the evening to guard Chain Bridge, Com- 
pany D to guard part of a regiment of Zouaves that had become 
somewhat insubordinate. "" And after a record of days of drills, 
firing blank cartridges, and of dress parades and inspections, he 
notes, March 21st, tliat we had a division review by General Casey 
and staff ; and later on notes anotlier review by Generals Keyes 
and Casey, and Governor Sprague of Ehode Island, when fourteen 
regiments and three batteries were reviewed. 

Maxfield had not yet forgotten what day of the week Sunday 
comes on, for he notes, March 23d, that he attended divine service 
on the parade ground in the forenoon, a funeral service on the 
same ground in the afternoon, and went to a prayer meeting in 
C barrack in the evening. 

Many of yon remember the Stone Hospital, our division hospi- 
tal, a large stone house surrounded by trees and shrubbery-filled 
grounds. And you remember what a sightly place it was. I liad 
almost forgotten this until I read in Maxfield's diary that it com- 
manded a view of Washington and of the Potomac as far as Alex- 
andria. What a beautiful picture must have been spread before 
the beholder from here ; especially in the night time. No wonder 
Maxfield was stirred into poetic thoughts while standing guard at 
this hospital one night, and, as he said in a little poem he then 

composed — 

" Watching the distant camp tires fade, 

The city liglits expire." 

Adjutant Pennell was a very popular oflBcer, especially so with 
the First Sergeants of the regiment. To show their appreciation 
of his uniform courtesy, they made up a purse and bought a hand- 
some black horse and a fine sword to present to him. The pres- 
entation took place on the parade ground. It was entirely unex- 
pected by the Adjutant. He received the handsome encomiums 
of the presenting sergeant with unaffected emotion, and returned 
his thanks in a hearty little speech, then backed the bounding 
war-horse, and, flashing the blade in the sunlight, gave his ad- 
mirers a living representation of the accomplishments of a gallant 
cavalier. 

Lieutenant Budge, of D Company, wishes to have it recalled to 
2 



18 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

those of US who passed the winter on Meridian Hill that he com- 
manded a detail from the regiment that, under the direction of the 
Provost Marshal General, seized, and spilled into the gutters of 
Washington, some thirty thousand dollars' worth of ardent spirits. 
It would be interesting to have added to these figures a computa- 
tion of the value of the number of gallons of such fluids spilled by 
the men of the regiment during its entire military history — spilled 
from canteens and other fluid receptacles ; especially of the num- 
ber of dollars' worth spilled by the reenlisted men on their famous 
furlough in the winter of 1864.* 

Life in Washington passed as briefly indicated until in March, 
when preparations were made for moving ''on to Riclimond." 
So eager were the men to make this movement, many of them 
fancying it would bring about an immediate ending of the war, 
that they chafed at the unavoidable delay that lack of transport 
service occasioned. Many considered the delay pusillanimous, 
patriotically declaring for an immediate taking of Eichmond and 
the hanging of Jeff Davis, that all the farmers of the army might 
get home in time to attend to their spring planting. And when 
there was one false start, the regiment in line, with baggage 
packed, and all ready for the word of command, then was ordered 
back to quarters, there were curses loud and deep, even had-been 
deacons using language that would have shocked the sisters. But 
when our band jocularly struck up, "Wait for the wagon, and 
we'll all take a ride," good nature was restored, proving that music 
indeed hath soothing charms. 

* An event of the winter was the funeral of General Lander. He had been 
a prominent figure in the operations before Washington in the fall of 1861. 
He died March 2, 1862. His funeral was a great military pageant, one in 
which the Eleventh took a marching part. Tlie long procession of slowly 
marching troops keeping step to the mournful music of the bands, tlie solemn- 
faced crowds that lined the streets, the heavily draped coffin on which lay the 
dead man's liat and sword, wbile behind it was led his spirited war-horr^e — 
all these accessories gave a touch of grandeur to the scene, few thinking that 
the sad-faced soldiers were mourning less for the dead general than for the 
weariness of their feet, tired and sore from marching over the cobblestones 
the streets of Washington were then paved with. 



CHAPTER III. 

BEFORE YORKTOWK". 

Planning the Campaign — The Embarkation — On Board the Constitution 
— The First Hostile Shot — Newport News — Yonng's Mills — Engage- 
ment at Lee's Mills — Siege Operations — Evacuation of Yorktown. 

The winter had been passed by President Lincoln and General 
McClellan in forging the gigantic war machine that hammered 
at the gates of Richmond for so many campaigns. And as they 
fitted its parts together — brigades, divisions, and corps ; horse, 
foot, and artillery — they debated the better way of using it. On 
one point only was President Lincoln strenuous, that, whatever 
route was taken towards Richmond, Washington should be cov- 
ered to a certainty — that no risk should be run of the capital fall- 
ing into the hands of the rebels. Whether McClellan moved 
directly on Manassas, where the body of the enemy then lay, or, 
covering Washington with a force in the Shenandoah Valley, 
should make a brilliant flank movement by way of Urbana, strik- 
ing the York River and fairly turning the rebels out of Richmond, 
or should proceed up the James and the Peninsula, was not so 
material to Lincoln (though he preferred the direct route), so that 
it moved quickly and surely — always perfectly guarding what he 
wisely considered a vital political point — the capital of the coun- 
try. That taken, and the rebel flag flying from the Capitol 
building, what effect might it not have — not only on the people 
of the North, but on the onlooking nations — strengthening the 
enemies of the Republic both at home and abroad ? Finally, a 
council of war was held. It decided in favor of the Urbana plan,, 
eight of the twelve division commanders voting for this movement. 
Of the eight. Hooker, unavoidably absent, was represented by our 
afterwards brigade commander, General Naglee. 

Almost immediately after the holding of this council, and the 
day after President Lincoln had formally approved its action by 
issuing General War Order No. 3, dated March 8th, the rebels evac- 
uated the Manassas line, and fell back to the south bank of the 



20 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Eappahannock, taking a position calculated to enable them to 
oppose any movement by way of Fredericksburg, the lower Rap- 
pahannock, or Fortress Monroe. General Johnston, their com- 
mander, established his headquarters at Rappahannock Station. 
This change of position on the part of the rebels, a change to a 
point so much nearer the proposed line of operations, made Gen- 
eral McClellan doubt the feasibility of the Urbana plan. 

Another council of war was held, this time at Fairfax Court 
House. It was composed of General McClellan audthe four com- 
manders of the four army corps that had been just organized : 
McDowell, Sumner, Heintzelman, and Keyes. This council's 
•decision was to abandon the Urbana plan and adopt the Peninsula 
one, with the base of operations on the York River, the possession 
of the entire James River by the rebel gunboats making that route 
an impossible one at the time. The action of this council was 
approved by the President on the 13th day of March, and on the 
17th the embarkation began at Alexandria. Heintzelman's corps 
(the Third) led the movement, the others, except McDowell's (the 
First, which remained behind to guard Washington), following to 
Alexandria, and embarking as transports could be procured for 
their embarkation. But so inadequate was the transport service 
that it was not until in the afternoon of the 28th day of March 
that our brigade, now the Third of General Casey's division of 
the Fourth Army Corps, was actually en route for Alexandria, 
arriving near there in the evening and bivouacking for the night 
within a mile of that city. 

This was a hard march for green troops, unaccustomed to 
heavy marching order, carrying more, too, than the phrase implies ; 
for, besides guns, equipments, and forty rounds of cartridges, the 
knapsacks were not only stuifed with the ordinary kits of soldiers, 
but were laden with the remains of civilian wardrobes and the 
knick-knack accumulations of a winter's garrison duty. 

Reveille awoke us on the 29th of March, 1862, to see a spring 
snowstorm, half-rain and half-snow, beating down. Then fol- 
lowed a day of discomfort, and another night on a wet camp- 
ground. And it was not until after another day, one spent in 
marching and halting in mud about four inches deep, and of the 
consistency of soft iiasty-pudding {vide Maxfield's diary), the rain 
falling slowly nearly all the time, t])at we reached the wharf in the 
midst of a heavy thunder shower, having passed over a distance 



BEFORE YORKTOWN. 21 

of a little more than a mile during the day. Glad enough were all 
to get on board the transport Constitution, with all its discomforts 
of wet decks, on which the men must sleep, and closely together ; 
four regiments of our brigade— the Eleventh Maine, the Fifty- 
sixth and One Hundredth New York, and the Fifty-second Penn- 
sylvania — with Regan's Battery, crowding the five-decked steamer 
to its utmost capacity. 

According to Dunbar's diary we left Alexandria about eight 
o'clock in the forenoon of March 31st, moving down the river until 
eleven o'clock, when we went aground off Acquia Creek, where, 
despite the efforts of the steamers State of Maine, Daniel Webster, 
and Kent, we remained fast until seven o'clock in the morning of 
April 1st. And it was only after our regiment was temporarily 
taken on the Ke^it to lighten the Constitution that the latter 
steamer was got off the bar. 

We arrived at Fortress Monroe, the evening of April 1st, where 
we dropped anchor. The next forenoon we were ordered to land 
at Newport News, to which place we were taken by the steamer 
Hero. In steaming across the bay the masts of the sunken war- 
ships could be seen standing above the surface of the water, sad 
reminders of the great naval combat that had so lately taken place 
in this beautiful bay. 

Soon a cloud of smoke rolled out from a rebel battery off 
Sewall's Point, announcing the coming of the first hostile shot. 
It fell so far short of our steamer that the tell-tale spray of 
water its plunge threw into the air was received by us with a yell 
of derision. 

Landing at about noon, the brigade marched two miles and 
went into camp, where it remained for a few days owing to lack 
of wagon transportation. It was here tnat the men first went on 
picket, and Captain Maxfield's diary records that there was a rush 
among them to go on this duty ; probably as great a one as there 
was in later yeai's to escape such service. 

The 6th of April our regiment proceeded to Young's Mills, sit- 
uated near the James Eiver, at a distance of from ten to twelve 
miles from Newport News. We occupied the log barracks that 
rebel troops had occupied the previous winter. The regiment 
was paid off the 5th of the month, and where they had learned it 
is a mystery, but it did seem as if the men of every company of 
the regiment were adepts in the mysteries of the game of poker ; 



22 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

•i 

for wherever you went through the thick woods surrounding the 
barracks, you would come across groups of men squatting around 
the tops of hard-bread boxes laid on the ground, and hear such 
mystic phrases as "Ante up or leave the board," ''It's your deal/' 
■"I'll raise you five cents," "I see you and go you five better." 
Some of the men lost their available fortunes in a few hours at 
the game, then would borrow a quarter from some friend, and 
perhaps regain all they had lost, only to lose all again before 
nightfall. 

While at Young's Mills we established a picket post at Young's 
house, on the James, about two miles from camp. This was an 
abandoned plantation mansion : typical large rooms, surrounded 
by the remains of a beautiful flower garden and once well-kept 
grounds. From here our men first fired at the enemy. They 
were on the rebel gunboat Teazer, a small one-gun craft, that had 
participated in the naval battle of Hampton Eoads. This craft 
justified its name by keeping just out of rifle range in its steaming 
up and down the river in observation of our positions. We 
fired uselessly at it, elevating our sights to their highest degree 
in the hope of reaching the tantalizing craft, but always in 
vain. 

Lieutenant Dunbar's diary records that one day the Teazer 
shelled the picket post, and Private M. S. Berry, of H Company, 
writes that the first engagement of Company H was with the 
Teazer. The company was on duty at " Mcintosh Landing," 
on the James. Comrade Berry writes : "There was a high sand 
bluff, on which we were stationed as pickets. The gunboat came 
down near us, and some of the boys commenced firing at her. 
The tide was out, and the most of the company were on the mud 
flats digging clams, and when the gunboat opened fire with her 
big rifled gun, the way the clam-diggers made the sand fly climb- 
ing the bank to take to the woods was a caution. I am pretty 
sure they left a lot of caps and other loose gear along their line of 
retreat." 

Maxfield's diary : " The boys killed a great many cattle, pigs, 
and fowls, bringing them in with other things." I have a recol- 
lection myself of eating fresh Peninsula beef here, and that it 
tasted most vilely of the wild onions the cattle browsed on. 
MePherson, of Company H, relates that he had an opportunity 
of showing his skill in the culinary art by roasting a good-sized 



BEFORE YORKTOWN. 23 

porker, by hanging it up in front of a fire built in a stone fireplace 
with a log chimney. 

The 17th of April we rejoined our division, now in position 
before Lee's Mills, situated on the creek known as the AVarwick 
River. General Keyes reported of this line of defenses, now held 
by the Confederates, as follows : ''' It was nine miles long, 
strongly fortified by breastworks erected along nearly this whole 
distance behind a stream, or a succession of streams, nowhere 
fordable, one terminus being Yorktown and the other the James 
River, where it was commanded by the enemy's gunboats." He 
adds : " Yorktown is fortified all around with bastioned works, 
and on the water side and at Gloucester Point the works are so 
strong that the navy are afraid to attack either." 

Magruder states in substance that around Yorktown the old 
embankments thrown up by the British in 1781 were substantially 
revived by him, and that works — redans and curtains — were thrown 
up outside of these lines. To the west of these works the "War- 
wick River takes its rise, and flows in a southerly direction to the 
James. There were two mills with dams in the Warwick — 
Wynne's Mills, three miles from Yorktown, and Lee's Mills, five 
and a half miles farther down the stream. Three additional dams 
were constructed by the Confederates, making five in all. These 
dams had the effect of backing the water up, rendering the passage 
of the Warwick impracticable for artillery and infantry for three- 
fourths of its length. Each dam was well covered by artillery 
and earthworks. 

This formidable line of defense was not anticipated by our 
generals ; who, indeed, did not know of the strategic value of the 
line of the Warwick at all, really supposing, from an antiquated 
map they based their advance on, that the Warwick ran parallel 
with the roads leading up the Peninsula, instead of crossing them, 
as it really does. And it was not until April 5th, when Keyes 
advanced with the divisions of Smith and Couch to sweep around 
Yorktown and gain a position between it and Williamsburg, while 
Heintzelman advanced on Yorktown itself with Porter's and 
Hamilton's divisions of the Third Corps and Sedgwick's division 
of the Second Corps — it was not until this attempt to envelop 
Yorktown was checked by the works on the Warwick, especially 
by those at Lee's Mills — that the necessity of besieging Yorktown 
was even dreamed of. 



24 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

We were not directly engaged in the siege operations. These 
were conducted by General Barnard, Chief Engineer of the Army 
of the Potomac ; by General Barry, its Chief of Artillery, and by 
General Fitz John Porter, '' Director of the Siege," whose division 
guarded the trenches, and largely provided the working parties 
that pushed the approaches forward. The work of our division, 
and that of the other divisions to the left of Yorktown, consisted 
in opening and corduroying roads across the marshes and in mak- 
ing reconnoissances of the ground beyond them in preparation 
for the general attack to be made on the completion of the siege 
works. 

The following extracts from Maxfield's diary will give an idea of 
the life led while waiting for the general advance : "■ April 18th. — 
About midnight whispered orders were given to turn out and load 
our rifles, put on our equipments, and then to lie down with 
them on." 

"April 19th. — About midnight we were turned out ready for 
action. It was probably caused by the heavy firing we could hear 
in the north. We were soon sent to our quarters, where we lay in 
harness ready to turn out at a moment's notice. The firing was 
kept up the rest of the night." 

"April 21st. — Regiment sent out a mile and a half as reserve 
pickets at three o'clock p.m. It commenced raining about then, 
rained shower-like until about ten o'clock. We passed the night 
in a dense forest, without any protection but that afforded by 
woolen blankets stretched over poles. Were not allowed to build 
fires." 

"April 23d. — Remained in the woods until four o'clock p.m., 

when we were relieved. There were two showers in the afternoon." 

"April 23d. — Our company (C) detailed to work on the road 

towards Yorktown. We had to cover the entire road with logs, 

and some that we put in were two feet through." 

"April 24th. — Regiment received tents ; small shelter tents for 
two men, each man carrying half a tent when on the march." 

"April 28th. — Five companies of the regiment sent on picket. 
Our company (C) placed in advance, two and a quarter miles 
from camp. From some of the posts a fort with a rebel flag flying 
over it, and soldiers drilling near it, could be seen." 

"April 29th. — Got in from picket about eleven o'clock a.m. and 
were informed that we were to be inspected by our new brigade 



BEFORE YORKTOWN. 25 

commander, Brigadier-General Naglee, at two o'clock p.m. The 
companies fell in at that time, but it commenced raining, and we 
were ordered to our tents. It soon stopped raining, and we were 
ordered out to make a reconnoissance beyond our picket line. A 
line of battle w^as formed in the woods, and Company A was de- 
ployed in skirmish line, and sent across a clearing, the regiment 
following. Two shells were fired at us from the opposite side of the 
clearing, both ])assing over our heads." 

Newcomb's diary describes this engagement as follows : " Com- 
pany A deployed as skirmishers, with D as a reserve. These 
companies moved across a field and through a point of woods, up 
within sight of a fort, the battalion following. Another fort 
opened on the battalion, throwing two shells over it. The skir- 
mishers were now under a heavy fire of musketry and shell from 
both forts. The object of the movement having been effected, it 
was to unmask the rebel line of defense. General Naglee ordered 
a retreat." 

Company D, with the wu'iter in its ranks, followed the skirmish 
line as its reserve, marching by company front, trying to keej) a per- 
fect alignment. Keeping step as if on parade, we crashed through 
bushes, quite undaunted until a shell came screeching towards us. 
It fell some twenty feet before us, burst in a cloud of smoke, and 
the pieces went flying into the air. We heroes waited with open 
mouths for half a minute perhaps, certainly long enough for all 
danger to have passed, then at one and the same time we each 
and all, as if by a common impulse, threw ourselves on the ground 
and, digging our noses into the soil, lay there for another full half- 
minute, before arising to march on our dignified way. I am told 
by one who was with the battalion that the experience of D 
was largely that of the entire regiment. 

It was in this reconnoissance that the first man of the regiment 
was killed — Private Andrew C. Mace, of Company A. As the first 
comrade killed, his body had a fascination for all of us as it lay in 
camp, and few of us but were awe-struck as we looked upon the 
waxen face now drained of blood, but yesterday blooming with 
health and spirits. 

Although our camp was a mile or more from our picket line, 
and the intervening space was covered with thick woods, there was 
a ludicrous fear that night fires might attract the attention of the 
enemy to our undoing. Maxfield remembers one night that Com- 



26 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

pany C was doing camp guard duty, a duty intrusted to first one 
company and tiien another, during the early part of this cam- 
paign. It was a cold, misty night, and the men around the guard- 
tent thought a little fire would make them more comfortable, so 
they started one ; a little one with a weak flame that would not have 
shamed that of a candle. But small as it was it served to impart 
a touch of cheerfulness to the gloomy surroundings. The men 
were cuddling around it when the officer of the guard rushed 
down upon them and kicked the brands of the fire right and left, 
while sternly rebuking the temerity that risked building a fire in 
the face of the enemy. Fred. W. Carnon, one of the guard, sat 
silently in the gloom for a few moments after the departure of the 
officer of the guard, then blurted out, "Well, if we can't have a 
fire well have a song," and began to sing a song that he described 
in a preamble as having thirty-five verses, each verse exactly like 
every other verse, except the last verse, which was a repetition of 
the first : 

" O ! the liorse lie crossed the road, 
Tlie liorse he crossed the road; 
And the reason why he crossed tlie roaid 
Was because he crossed the road.'' 

He roared this doggerel in his mighty voice, a voice subsequently 
put to its legitimate use, that of exhorting heavily loaded mule- 
teams through depths of Peninsula mud. Its volume speedily 
disturbed the nervous officer of the guard, who came flying to the 
guard-tent to close the singer's mouth, crying that the noise would 
rouse the enemy, two miles away. 

The Peninsula campaign was the apprenticeship of the men of 
the Army of the Potomac. They learned many things about war 
during its progress, and one thing was, that camp fires were com- 
fortable necessities day and night, in no way affecting the strategy 
of the campaign, and no more did the roaring songs we heard 
around them, or the noisy frolics we participated in within the 
flaming circles of warmth and light of innumerable camp fires. 

During this time our engineers, though slowl}^ were surely com- 
pleting their batteries, and it was finally known that on the oth of 
May the nearly one hundred Parrott guns, mortars, and howitzers 
that would be then mounted within ranges varying from fifteen 
hundred to two thousand yards of Yorktown would open and 



BEFORE YORKTOWIS. 27 

continue to pour destruction until ii grand assault would seem 
practicable. Unfortunately, the expectation that tlie fleet would 
be able to take position as floating batteries had not been realized. 
The excuse seems to have been that the unexpected appearance of 
the Merrimac made this cooperation impossible, as the greater 
part of our naval armament stayed in Hampton Roads watching 
that vessel. But the gunboats that were on the York River did 
not seem to relish getting witliin the rebel range. Indeed, instead 
of aiding the army by an early bombardment from their guns, it 
is of record that the fleet preferred waiting for the land batteries 
to dismount tlie rebel cannon bearing seaward before taking an 
active part in tlie siege. 

But the rebels had no idea of waiting for bombardment and 
assault. They had taken this line of opposition rather to gain 
time needed to gather troops into and to throw up lines of earth- 
works around Richmond — to strengthen their army and their 
defensive positions generally — than with any hope of making a 
successful resistance at Yorktown. Having gained a much-needed 
month by their boldness, and shrewdly surmising what a few days' 
further delay would bring upon them, early on the morning of the 
4th of May, after an unusual cannonade of our lines during the 
previous night, they abandoned Yorktown and the line of the 
Warwick, and retreated up the Peninsula to Williamsburg, where 
another line of defense had been thrown up. 



CHAPTER IV. 

TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 

The Pursuit of the Confederate Army — Battle of Williamsburg— A Ter- 
rible Night — Going over the Battlefield — Colonel Plaisted — The 
Chickahominy at Last — General Naglee's Reconnoissance to the James 
— Crossing the Chickahominy — Established at Fair Oaks. 

It was a fine May morning, that of ttie 4tli, when we learned 
that Magruder liad evacuated Yorktown the night before. We of 
the rank and file considered Magruder the commander of the 
rebels before us, though really General Joseph E. Johnston had 
been in command of the Confederate defense since about the 
14th of April. 

Our army was in quick pursuit. Hooker, Smith, Kearney, 
Couch, and Casey following Stoncman's cavalry and horse artillery 
in direct pursuit, while the commands of Franklin, Sedgwick, 
Porter, and Richardson went on board transports and moved to a 
point on the right bank of the Pamunkey, in the neighborhood of 
White House Landing. The idea was that the other divisions should 
press on the heels of the fleeing rebels, and force them to turn and 
fight, while Franklin's command should hurry to a position that 
would enable them to cut the rebel army off from Richmond. 
Franklin reached near the White House after some delay, landing 
the morning of the 7th, but for various reasons this flanking 
movement was not productive of the anticipated results, failing to 
disturb the Confederate retreat to any considerable degree. 

In the early morning of the 4th of May our brigade crossed the 
rebel line at Lee's Mills. Maxficld's diary : " Went across a creek 
in a ravine, both sides of the ravine covered with fallen trees, 
then we came to the rebel earthworks, which were strong.'* 
Newcomb's diary: "One man in the Fifty-second Pennsylvania 
was killed by the explosion of an infernal machine. We passed 
several in the road that were guarded. In passing one Confederate 
encampment, we saw several scarecrows that had been put up by 
the rebels." Morton's diary: ''The rebels are retreating from 
before Yorktown and we are advancing, finding shells buried in 



TO THE CHICKAHOMINT. 29 

the road to blow us up. One killed and five wounded of the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania by this means." 

As the different commands of our army moved forward, they 
converged on the road leading from Yorktown to Williamsburg, 
with the result that this road was soon packed with horse, foot, 
and artillery, all pushing eagerly forward, and without overmuch 
regard for rights of way. Company D held the right of the regi- 
ment, so that its members were pleased auditors to a conversation 
between Colonel Caldwell and the irate commander of a regiment 
the Eleventh had unceremoniously displaced. The commander of 
the displaced regiment was evidently, by his manner and seat in the 
saddle, a regular officer, which then meant, among other things, 
an officer with large ideas of his own importance as a trained 
military man, and small ones of all volunteer officers. 

" Sir," roared he, riding up to Colonel Caldwell, " how dare you 
march across the Iiead of my command ? " 

AYithout answering him, the colonel looked at him in his large, 
placid way, much as a mastiff looks at a snarling terrier. 

•'Do you know who I am, sir?" yelled the angry com- 
mander, now doubly enraged at the elaborate indifference and 
the apparently studied silence of our colonel. " I am Major So 
and So of such and such a regiment." 

" And I," answered Colonel Caldwell, smiling blandly, touch- 
ing his cap with military courtesy as he spoke — "and I am 
Colonel John C. Caldwell, commanding the Eleventh Regiment 
of Maine Infantry Volunteers, and am quite at your service, sir." 

Speechless with rage, and fairly gasping at the apjiroving haw- 
haw we country bumpkins gave at the Coloners answer, Major So 
and So backed his horse a little, turned him, and galloped away in 
as furious a state of mind as any gallant major ever rode in. 

The whole of this bright May day was spent by the infantry in 
marching and halting, while the cavalry pressed forward on the 
heels of the fleeing enemy. Towards night the regiments went into 
bivouac. Then the men scattered for foraging purposes. The 
inhabitants had mainly fled to Richmond, perhaps naturally, they 
consisting of women, children, and male antiquities generally. 
McClellan's report states that every able-bodied male of the Penin- 
sula was in the ranks of the rebel army. The refugees went 
hastily, evidently, I remember one house from which the occu- 
pants had fled just as they were about to seat themselves to a 



30 THE STORY OF OJSTE REGIMENT. 

meal, apparently, for the table was spread with dishes and un- 
touched victuals. Loading themselves with food and furniture 
from the deserted houses, the boys returned to camp. Maxfield's 
diary : '*We stopped for the night eight or nine miles from our 
starting-point. Having left our shelter-tents, blankets, overcoats, 
and knapsacks in camp, we had nothing but fence rails for shelter, 
and the night being rainy, we passed a somewhat sleepless night. 
Had it not been for our fires we must have suffered greatly." 

My particular group of D slept that night on a captured feather 
bed, which we spread on the ground and fitted out with sheets, 
quilts, pillows — all the accompaniments. But, alas ! the heavens 
opened and the rain descended, so that before morning our downy 
nest of the evening before was about as comfortable a sleeping 
place as a bed-tick filled with mush and milk would have been — a 
soaked, oozing, nasty mess. 

In the morning we pushed forward in a heavy rain, marching 
over roads cut up by artillery wheels, and punched full of holes by 
the hoofs of innumerable horses. We very soon heard the Battle 
of Williamsburg progressing in front, while we, wet to the skin, 
plodded on our miserable way. 

Let us see what Maxfield's diary tells of this day : " Leaving our 
camping place quite early in the morning, we advanced two or 
three miles toward the roaring cannon. We then halted in the 
woods, where we remained until in the afternoon, when our brigade 
was ordered to reenforce General Hancock. We arrived near 
enough to his brigade to hear it charge at about five o'clock. We 
marched three or four miles from where we had stopped in the 
woods, passing through fields, woods, and a deep ravine, above 
which was a strong, deserted earthwork. We stacked arms in the 
open field for the night." 

As it is no part of our purpose to describe events in which we 
did not actually participate, we will briefly state that the Battle of 
Williamsburg was fought by Hooker's division of tlie Third 
(Heintzelman's) Corps, assisted later in the day by Kearney's 
division of the same corps, and by Hancock's brigade of Smith's 
division, and by Peck's brigade of Couch's division of the Fourth 
(Keyes's) Corps. Longstreet commanded the Confederate de- 
fense. 

Hooker attacked on the left in the morning, fighting against 
heavy odds until about noon, when Kearney reenforced him, and 



TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 31 

later in the day Coucli, who sent Peck's brigade into action. 
Hancock moved on tiie right, and finding the works on Cub Dam 
Creek entirely unoccupied (you remember the slippery pathway of 
slime leading through them — Maxfield's ''deep ravine, above 
which was a strong, deserted earthwork "), and relying on Smith's 
promise of a brigade to support his movement, pushed forward 
into action. But for one reason and another, all immaterial here, 
Hancock was not reenforced until towards night, when General 
McClellan arrived on the ground, and ordered General Smith and 
General Naglee — three brigades — to push forward to Hancock's 
support, who was now heavily pressed. "We moved forward 
rapidly and zealously, but before we could reach Hancock that 
brilliant commander had, by feigning a retreat, led the opposing 
enemy from their iutrenchments into the open field, where with 
a few heavy volleys he stopped them, then charging with the 
bayonet routed and dispersed their column, capturing some five 
hundred men. We arrived only in time to witness the overthrow 
of the enemy and to give the victors generous cheers. 

Taking position in line, we stood to our arms through a cold, 
wet nigiit entirely without fire and almost without food, our nearly 
empty haversacks furnishing us a very scanty supper. Maxfield 
wrote of this night : " We stacked arms and stood by them all 
night. It rained until midnight, then the stars came out. We 
were wet to the skin, without blankets, tents, or overcoats, and 
were obliged to run about to keep warm ; a hard thing to do, as 
the mud was several inches deep." 

It was a night to remember ; but in the morning, the dreaded 
morning, when all that long line of earthworks, beyond which lay 
the old city of Williamsburg, must be carried — in the morning 
our chilled blood was not only warmed by a brilliant sun, but by 
the knowledge that the Confederates had evacuated these iutrench- 
ments too, and were still falling back towards Richmond. 

The supply trains had been left behind when leaving the lines 
before Yorktown, and when enterprising wagon-masters did get 
their trains towards the front, they were compelled to give way to 
hurrying troops and artillery. It now became necessary to await 
the coming of these but lately despised trains ; for soldiers, to 
march and fight, must be fed, and you might as well try to get 
fight out of empty cartridge boxes as out of empty haversacks. A 
few days then were of necessity spent before Williamsburg by the 



32 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Army of the Potomac, to rest the exhausted troops and to replen- 
ish empty cartridge boxes and haversacks. These few days were 
mainly passed by our men in taking a first sight of the horrors 
of war. 

Not only our own wounded were there, but the enemy's as well, 
left behind in the care of their surgeons in the hurried flight of 
the rear guard, that had made the stand for delay at Williams- 
burg. Cut, hacked, shot — dead and dying — a sorry sight there 
was in the barracks Confederate troops had occupied during the 
winter, now used for hospital purposes. And out on the field 
was a worse one. Dead bodies lay where they had fallen, and as 
they fell ; some in the act of loading, some as if firing — those that 
had been shot dead in their tracks. Others lay flat on their 
backs or were curled into tortuous shapes, staring stonily. How- 
ever hardened we became afterwards, the most indifferent by 
nature were visibly affected by the grewsome sights of the bloody 
field of Williamsburg. 

To add to the horrors of the scene, the woods in which the 
greater part of Hooker's fighting had been done caught fire, 
blazing magnificently in the night, and every now and then the 
roar of an unexploded shell told us when the fire had reached it, 
and often the fusillade of the cartridges of some castaway cartridge 
box would be heard. It was rumored that many wounded were 
still lying in the region of the fire, and there were whisperings of 
the terrors of their jiosition, but it became known later that the 
careful search of the ground the rescuing parties had made during 
the day had made it impossible for any wounded men to be left 
on the field of battle. 

The 9th of May we were again on the march, but moved slowly, 
the roads being few and narrow. Of this day's march I find the 
following in Maxtield's diary : '* May 9th. — Left our camp ground 
before Fort Magruder at half-past seven o'clock in the morning. 
We passed through Williamsburg about two miles from Magruder, 
where we had the distinguished honor of seeing General McClel- 
lan, and the pleasure of giving him three cheers. We advanced 
ten miles farther, and stopped for the night in a beautiful wheat- 
field, and found plenty of water in a ravine near by. It was a 
pleasant day, and the road was good, running through a beautiful 
country. We had fifty-five in our company (C) when we started 
in the morning, and only twenty-eight at night ; the rest had 



TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 33 

straggled." And in Newcomb's : "May 9th. — The day was a 
very hot one, and we inarched very rapidly, lialting but once, and 
then but for a short time. Many fell out and did not join us 
until the next morning." 

Maxfield : "May 10th.— Still pleasant. We marched about 
twelve miles and stopped for the night in a wheat-field." 

The brigade did not move again until the 13th. Maxfield's 
diary : " May 13th. — Colonel Caldwell left us, having been made a 
brigadier-general. Lieutenant-Colonel Plaisted assumes com- 
mand of the regiment. We started at seven o'clock in the morn- 
ing, but as a great number of troops were marching it became- 
necessary for us to lie by the roadside most of the time, so that it 
was two o'clock in the morning of May 14tli before we reached 
New Kent Court House, a distance of only ten miles." 

Our line of march was now about parallel with the course of the 
lower Chickahominy, something of which the marching column 
were not aware, we supposing that our objective point, which we 
knew to be Bottom's Bridge, was the nearest point on the Chicka- 
hominy. Through this ignorance much undeserved wrath was 
expended on the seemingly elusive stream. " How many miles to 
the Chickahominy?" would be the cry to a roadside party of 
gaping negroes. "Fo' miles, sah," would be the answer — the 
distance from the answering darky to its nearest cat-fish hole. 
" How many miles to the Chickahominy ? " would be the cry to 
another wayside African, after an hour of marching. " Six 
miles, sah ! " And then there would rise a yell of profane dis- 
gust, for how we could march steadily towards a river for an 
hour, supposing we were marching towards it, and yet be two- 
miles farther from it than we were at the beginning of the hour 
stumped our arithmetic. The brigade remained at New Kent 
Court House during May 14th, 15th, and 16th, it raining nearly- 
all the time. 

Newcomb's diary : " May 15th. — The companies were addressed; 
by the new colonel, and told what was expected of each grade of 
officers." (As Maxfield was taken sick with a fever, and had to be 
sent to a hospital, his diary will not serve us for some time now.) 
Morton tells us that on the 17th of May we marched six or seven 
miles, bivouacking near Baltimore Cross Koads. He states, for 
May 19th, that we '' camped near the woods," presumably at Balti- 
more Cross Roads. He notes for the 20th that a detachment went 
3 



.34 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

•out from camp on au expedition in the forenoon, and for the 21st 
that the regiment moved forward about two miles. 

General McClellan states that his advance reached the Chicka- 
hominy May 20th, finding that both Bottom's Bridge and the rail- 
road bridge a mile above Bottom's had been destroyed by the 
•enemy, and tliat Casey's division immediately forded the river, 
occnpyiug tlie opposite heights. McClellan also states that on 
the SOtli of May General Naglee pushed a reconnoissance to within 
two miles of the James River. 

My recollection is, that it was a reconnoissance of D Company and 
a piece of artillery that showed that the railroad bridge had been 
burned, and that we had a merry exchange of grape with the 
enemy's artillery across the river, here about forty feet wide, 
fringed with a dense growth of forest trees, and bordered by low, 
marshy bottomlands, varying from half a mile to a mile in width. 
Then, when General Naglee crossed Bottom's Bridge. D, with 
another company of infantry and a squadron of cavalry, followed 
General ISTaglee for some miles along a road that led throngh 
White Oak Swamp to the James River. 

We touched the enemy's cavalry but once in the reconnoissance, 
and quickly formed at a bridge to receive the anticipated charge. 
It not coming. General Naglee crossed the bridge with his cavalry, 
and charged the enemy, the General at the head of his little force, 
scattering the enemy in every direction but ours. We then 
marched on again for some miles, when the infantry went into 
position at a big farmhouse on a commanding hill, and General 
Naglee and the cavalry rode away towards the James River. It 
was said that they watered their horses in that river before return- 
ing to us, which they did in about an hour. We then made a 
rapid retrograde movement for Bottom's Bridge, marching back 
by another road than that we had taken in advancing, by this 
sharp maneuver escaping the attentions of a body of gray-coated 
gentlemen who had assembled at a point on our line of advance 
to give us a taste of Southern hospitality on our return march. 

For May 23d Morton set down that the regiment crossed Bottom's 
Bridge near night. 

McClellan states : " The rest of the Fourth Corps (Casey's divi- 
sion having crossed the river the 20th, according to his report) 
crossed the Chickahominy the 23d of May, under command of 
•General Keyes." He telegraphed the War Department on the 



TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 35 

21st : ''I have throe regiments on the other bank [the Richmond 
bank] of the river, guarding the rebuilding of the bridge." As 
McCMellan seems to have given our brigade the advance, probably 
the regiments of our brigade, other than our own, were across the 
river, and were the ones referred to. 

Our regiment was left encamped before the railroad bridge until 
the 23d, detachments of it crossing and recrossing the Chicka- 
hominy, on such service — fatigue, guard, or reconnoitering duty — 
as was jjlaced upon them, as were detachments from the other 
regiments of our division not already encamped across the Chicka- 
hominy. 

General McClellan states that on the 24tli of May General 
Naglee's brigade dislodged the enemy from the vicinity of Seven 
Pines, securing a strong position for our advance. The credit of 
the day belongs to the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, 
and to General Naglee, who had a horse killed under him in the 
action. He gained great. credit for his intrepidity. I remember 
the pride with which we listened to the encomiums of the mem- 
bers of a Pennsylvania regiment of Couch's division on the gal- 
lantry and daring with which Naglee led his men into the action. 

McClellan also states that on the 25th of May, under cover of a 
movement by General Naglee, the whole Fourth Corps took up 
and began to fortify a position at Seven Pines. On the 28th his 
record shows that Casey's division was moved forward to Fair 
Oaks, three-quarters of a mile in advance of Seven Pines, leaving 
General Couch at the works at Seven Pines. General Casey 
immediately began a new line of rifle pits and a small redoubt for 
six field guns to cover the new position. 

We were engaged in constant skirmishing and picket service 
until May 31st, when the Battle of Fair Oaks was fought. 

While the left wing had been crossing the Chickahominy, and 
advancing to Fair Oaks Station, the right wing had been pushing 
up the Peninsula by way of White House, reaching Hanover 
Court House on the same day we reached Fair Oaks. The 
extreme right was swung so far forward, as a contemplated feature 
of the campaign was that McDowell should move from before 
Washington, cross the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg, and march 
to Hanover Court House, where a junction could be made with 
McClellan's army ; doing, in fact, for McClellan what Jackson 
did for Lee by about the same road a few weeks later. McDowell 



36 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

was at Fredericksburg, and had actually taken up his line of march 
for Hanover Court House, when the bold movements of " Stone- 
wall " Jackson in the valley occurred. Jackson swooped down on 
Schenck and Miles, of Fremont's corps, and beat them before 
Fremont could reach them with reenforcemeuts, then united with 
Ewell to pounce on Banks, driving him to tlie Potomac. The 
result of this bold movement was that McDowell was turned back 
by the War Department, and McClellan was advised by a telegram 
from President Lincoln that he must not look for help from 
McDowell. 



CHAPTER V. 

THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 

The Situation of the Divisions of the Army of the Potomac — The Rising 
of the Chickahominy — The First Day of the Battle — The Pickets — 
The Second Day of the Battle — Colonel Plaisted's Report — List of 
Casualties. 

The positions of the Union divisions on our side of the Chicka- 
hominy the morning of May 31st were as follows : Casey's, extend- 
ing from the right of the Williamsburg Road, and at right angles 
to it, its center at Fair Oaks ; Couch's, at Seven Pines, to the rear 
and right of Casey's, supporting it ; Kearney's, along the railroad 
from Savage Station to tlie railroad bridge ; and Hooker's, on the 
border of White Oak Swamp. These were the only divisions of 
our army that had yet crossed the Chickahominy. 

General Keyes was in command of the divisions of Casey and 
Couch, Hcintzelman directly of those of Kearney and Hooker (divi- 
sions of his own corps) ; but, as the senior officer present, Hcintzel- 
man had command of all the troo})s on our side of the river. 

Casey's line was covered by a six-gun redoubt and a line of 
rifle pits, both in an unfinished condition. Naglee's brigade, when 
in position, was in advance of this redoubt, its line extending 
from the Williamsburg road to the Grarnett field. Spratt's bat- 
tery took position with Naglee's brigade. General Wessels's brigade 
lay in the rifle pits to the right and rear of the redoubt, and Gen- 
eral Palmer's in the rear of Wessels's. One battery was in rear of 
the rifle pits to the right of the redoubt, one battery in rear 
of the redoubt, and another battery was unharnessed in the 
redoubt. 

During the day and night of the 30th of May a very violent 
storm occurred. The rain, falling in torrents, rendered work on 
the rifle pits and redoubts impossible, made the roads practically 
impassable, and threatened the destruction of all the bridges 
across the Chickahominy. So rapidly did the Chickahominy — 
the drain of a vast territory— rise under the influence of the storm 
that on the morning of the 31st it was almost impassable to troops 



38 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

and artillery. Its fords were flooded, and those of its bridges not 
swept away were submerged. The knowledge of this, and that 
the wings of our army were separated by the swollen torrent, led 
the rebels to advance with confidence to the assault that General 
Johnston had the day before ordered to be made upon our posi- 
tions in the morning of the 31st — ordered after a forced reconnois- 
sance had given him a fair idea of the positions we occupied, and 
the force with which we held them. Although their attack was 
intended to begin early in the morning of the 31st, the rebel 
troops were not in position until some hours of the day had passed, 
and it was nearly noon when the divisions of D. H. Hill, Huger, 
and Longstreet swept down on Casey's position " with a fury new 
to war." 

The only companies of the Eleventh Maine in camp when the 
battle began were A, 0, and F. The other companies were on the 
picket line, as was Colonel Plaisted, who was acting as General 
Officer of the Day. The companies of the regiment remaining 
in camp ( A, Captain Libby ; C, Lieutenant West ; F, Captain 
Hill) were led into action by Major (soon Lieutenant-Colonel) 
Campbell, a brave and intelligent officer. Colonel Plaisted 
reached the field from the picket line soon after the battle began, 
and took command of the battalion. 

The movements of the enemy, as reported by the officers of the 
picket line, for a day or two had shown that the rebels were mak- 
ing ready to attack, the picket fighting increasing steadily in in- 
tensity until, this day, it sounded almost as if a general engagement 
was in progress. And early in the morning of the 31st, men of D 
Company had captured Lieutenant Washington, of General John- 
ston's staff, at a point indicating that the anticipated movement 
was now on foot. So threatening were all the signs that General 
Keyes gave orders to have all his troojis under arms and in posi- 
tion by eleven o'clock, directing Colonel Bailey, his Chief of 
Artillery, to have his batteries fully manned. 

Scarcely had the troops and batteries moved into position, when 
the left of the picket line was forced back, and though imme- 
diately reenforced by the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, 
the pickets on the left broke, and fell to the rear of the One Hun- 
dred and Fourth ; and, tlie rebels pressing forward against the 
brigades of Palmer and Wessels, these troops soon melted away, 
leaving the left and rear of our brigade open to attack. Mean- 



THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 39 

while General Naglee was holding his ground before the redoubt 
with all the vigor of his stubborn nature. He was everywhere, 
his gray eyes blazing with excitement, his strident voice heard 
above the roar of battle, begging, ordering, imploring his men to 
stand up to the support of the battery, which was hurling grape 
and canister into the advancing masses of the enemy. Nor was 
he alone in his efforts, for General Casey rode up and down his 
lines that day, bare-headed, his long gray hair floating over his 
shoulders, encouraging his men by voice and example to a heroic 
resistance. 

About one o'clock General Casey ordered the One Hundredth 
New York, One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, and the 
little battalion of the Eleventh Maine to charge. Dashing into 
the open field, these regiments pressed forward so vigorously as 
to force the first line of the enemy back, Spratt's battery aiding 
them by hurling shells over tlieir heads into the rebel ranks. 
But it was of no use ; the left of the division line, with the reen- 
forcements sent by Couch, had now fallen away. Colonel Brown 
of the One Hundredth New York was killed, Colonel Davis of the 
One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania was wounded, half the 
men in action were killed or wounded, and the charging line fell 
back, pressed so closely by the enemy that Sergeant Porter, the 
left guide of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, was 
struck across the neck by a musket in the hands of one of the 
rebel pursuers. 

General Naglee ordered his men to retire into the intrench- 
ments with the battery. One of the guns had to be abandoned, 
as the horses were all killed. The other guns were got into the 
intrenchments, the infantry following, while the batteries of Fitch 
and Bates opened on the pursuing rebels with grape and canister,, 
and with such terrible effect that, though facing the fire again and 
again, the rebels were forced to fall back from each effort. 

As our slim brigade line was reforming in the intrenchments,. 
the rebels advanced on the open left and rear of the redoubt and 
took position to command it. Their fire was now most fatal. 
Colonel Bailey was shot through the head Just as he was giving 
the order to spike the guns if they must be abandoned ; Major- 
Van Valkenburg, his second in command, was killed a few 
moments later ; his adjutant, Rumsey, was wounded, and the 
batteries were without a directing officer until General Naglee 



40 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

took personal command of the artillerymen and inspired them to 
vigorous work until forced to abandon the guns to the now in- 
pouring enemy, only succeeding in getting off a part of the guns 
of our brigade battery, Regan's, and these only by the men 
supporting the wounded horses to keep them from falling in their 
traces. 

As the redoubt was abandoned, the rebels rushed into it and 
turned the captured guns upon the left flanks of the Fifty-sixth 
New York, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, and the Eleventh Maine. 
These regiments had taken position in the rifle pits, to cover the 
retreat. " This," writes a historian, " with the fire in front, was 
not to be endured " ; and after, as General McClellan reports, 
"having struggled gallantly to maintain the redoubt and rifle pits 
:against overpowering masses of the enemy," these regiments were 
withdrawn from the intrenchments, and, with the reenforcements 
remaining in the field from Couch's division — regiments of the 
brigades of Devens and Peck, both of these generals giving Naglee 
gallant support through the day — took position along the Nine 
Mile road, about three hundred yards from the Seven Pines, 
which trees stood at the junction of the Nine Mile and Williams- 
burg roads. 

General Couch, in attempting early in the afternoon to person- 
ally relieve the pressure on Casey's right flank with four regiments 
of Abercrombie's brigade and a battery, became heavily engaged 
and was forced towards the right to near the Chickahomiuy, where 
he took position to cover the Grapevine Bridge, and as gallantly 
as successfully opposed all attempts of the rebel left, under General 
G. W. Smith, to interfere with the head of General Sumner's 
column as it came across the Chickahominy to our assistance. 

While Generals Naglee, Devens, and Peck, under direction of 
Generals Keyes and Casey, were holding their positions on the 
Nine Mile road with such troops as they could get together, 
Kearney's division came into action. General McClellan says, at 
nearly five o'clock. This division had remained all this time on 
the railroad near Savage Station, listening to the roaring progress 
of the battle. At last, the long-delayed order to " forward " 
reached them. Birney's brigade was ordered to move up the rail- 
road to support Keyes's right, but was halted by Kearney before 
getting into action, while Berry's brigade and the two regiments 
of Jameson's, under Jameson (he sending the other two regiments 



THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 41 

of his brigade to Birney), pushed to the support of the hard- 
pressed left. Both of these commanders, Berry and Jameson, 
made gallant efforts to stem the tide, aiding materially in holding 
the enemy in check. Berry pushed his regiments through the 
woods until his rifles commanded the left of our abandoned camp 
and the flank of the pursuing enemy ; but, soon finding himself cut 
off, he fell back towards White Oak Swamp, where Hooker lay 
unmolested. 

Jameson found his two regiments overmastered on the "Wil- 
liamsburg road, and he, too, fell back towards the swamp. To 
anticipate a little. Berry, Jameson, and Hooker moved their com- 
mands to the rear and gained our new line of defense near Savage 
Station during the night. 

The enemy was now advancing in masses down the rear of the 
position held by Naglee, Devens, and Peck, compelling them to 
order a retrograde movement, which was continued in fair fighting 
order, the retreating lines turning frequently to check the boldest 
pursuers with withering volleys. In this way the shattered regi- 
ments arrived at a new line of defense. This was along the edge 
of a wood, about a mile from the lost intrenchments, a line the 
general officers selected as one at which to make a last desperate 
stand. Here were rallied fragments of regiments and of com- 
panies, groups and squads of men, and many a man now fighting, 
like John Burns at Gettysburg, entirely on "his own hook." 
But such as they were they served, and, as General Webb says in 
his history of this campaign : '' Casey, Couch, Kearney, Birney, 
were all represented, and the men stood shoulder to shoulder in 
the fading light." 

Do you remember that line, the last Union bulwark of that fatal 
day, the gathering, blessed darkness, the exhausted, powder-black- 
ened faces to the right and left of you — faces hard set in firm 
determination to make one last stand for the bullet-riddled flags 
flying over them ? The hoarse, hard-riding officers were galloping 
their foaming horses up and down, while rallying the stragglers, 
leading from the rear groups and squads of men who had aban- 
doned the day, but whom the fierce upbraidings of tlie pursuing 
officers shamed into returning to the field. And yonder, what ? 
Exultant masses of victorious rebels forming to break our last 
stand ? No, as it proved ; only a chaotic mass of exhausted bri- 
gades and regiments, that Naglee's fierce defense of the outlying 



42 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

line, and the stubborn resistance of Devens, Peck, Berry, and 
Jameson, had battered and bruised out of any desire to make the 
immediate forward movement without which their victory was a 
barren one. Nor must we forget what we owed to Sumner's 
prompt crossing of the Chickahominy, his men half- wading over 
the submerged Grapevine Bridge, and to his vigorous interposition 
of the Second Corps between the rather hesitating advance of the 
rebel left, under General Smith, and our ill-used corps. Night 
fell without the expected onslaught, and by morning the whole 
Union army was facing the force that the divisions of Casey, 
Couch, and Kearney alone had fought the day before. 

Of the part the companies of the Eleventh on picket took in 
the battle there does not seem to be any report other than that 
of General Plaisted ; but I take it that the story of D is in 
substance that of all up to the time their picket line was broken, 
and will therefore tell its story here from information furnished 
by First Sergeant Brady of that company. 

D went on picket the evening of May 30th, occupying the 
extreme right of the line (as it was the right company of the regi- 
ment), an entirely unsupported position. The men passed a 
a miserable night, watching in darkness and storm, sheltering 
themselves as they best could and still remain alert, for all the 
signs pointed to an early attack : the pressure of the enemy's 
skirmish line, the plain movements of their troops, and the fact 
that they must either dislodge us or lose Richmond. Towards 
morning the storm ceased, and the day broke with the promise of 
clearness. Soon Lieutenant Washington, of General Johnston's 
staff, rode unexpectedly into the line of D, having mistaken a, 
road in carrying orders to some rebel command. Quickly halted, 
he ruefully yielded himself a prisoner, and made an unwilling 
way to General Casey's headquarters. The capture of Lieutenant 
Washington made the pickets doubly alert. Besides, General 
Naglee himself, who rode out to their line to make observations, 
warned them that they were liable to be attacked at any moment. 
Soon after Naglee left, great activity was displayed by the rebel 
pickets in the immediate front, and sharp picket fighting took 
place during the forenoon. A little after noon the roar of the 
attack on the left was lieard. It was uncertain what the pickets 
should do. Lieutenant Johnson and Corporal Keene moved out 
on the right, to learn, if they could, what force, if any, guarded 



THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 43 

their flank. They found it entirely open until they reached Gen- 
eral Couch's small force, covering the Grapevine Bridge. After 
this they were occupied in giving information concerning the 
movements of the enemy and the bearing of the roads to General 
Sumner's aids. 

Sergeant Brady had been left in command of the company by 
Lieutenant Johnson. Siiortly a rebel line of battle api)eared, 
moving towards the line held by D. Under Sergeant Brady's 
orders, some of the men began to barricade the road they centered 
on, by falling trees across it, the others keeping up a rapid fire on 
the enemy, to give the idea by their boldness that they covered 
a line of battle. This ruse succeeded to an unexpected degree, 
the rebel line of battle halting, throwing out a strong skirmish 
line, and making an elaborately cautious advance. Of course 
their skirmishers easily flanked our forlorn pickets, and, curling 
them back in spite of their stubborn resistance, finally scattered 
them through the woods. 

Before the rebel onset, Sergeant Brady, realizing by the sound 
of the battle that they were cut off from camp, had carefully 
cautioned the men to make their line of inevitable retreat towards 
the right and rear ; and, fortunately formost of them, they followed 
these orders, rcacliing Sumner's line in safety. 

This is the story of the Battle of Fair Oaks, so far as the 
Eleventh was concerned in it. As it was our first battle, and was 
a great battle too, one would suppose that some diarist of the 
regiment Avould have particularly noted the movements of the 
regiment during the day ; but none seems to have done so. Dun- 
bar hardly mentions it, and Morton simply tells us this: ''The 
enemy commenced throwing shells into camp about noon. After 
being held as a support, we came to the front by order of General 
Naglee, where we stopped until a retreat was ordered. About 
then I got a musket ball in my side, then I got to the rear," But 
the calmest and most indifferent record in any diary is in that of 
Corporal John Lary, of Company H, he noting under date of 
June 1st : '' A day of rest after a hard fight." Only this, and 
nothing more ! 

Captain Newcomb, then a sergeant in Company C, furnishes 
the most circumstantial story. His diary states : "Just as we had 
finished our dinner of vegetable soup, two shots from the rebels 
came whistling over our heads. We were soon in line and march- 



44 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

ing to the front. The first effect I saw of the heavy fire was a 
riderless horse dashing past us, and then some of the men of our 
three companies were wounded. General Naglee rode out in 
front of us and beckoned us on. We advanced to a fence, where 
we first fired, and we continued to fire until a retreat was ordered. 
After retreating one and a half miles, and some of the other com- 
panies coming up, we bivouacked near the spot on which we 
encamped just a week before." 

The fact is that, as it was our first battle, the men had no expe- 
rience to compare it with, so just took it as a fairly sample engage- 
ment, about the sort of thing they must often go through, all in 
the day's work, and nothing to make any particular fuss about. 

The regiment did not take part in the second day's fighting. 
The second day was not a very serious fighting one, anyway. In 
fact, the rebels had failed in their purpose by the night of May 
31st. Longstreet and D. H. Hill had performed their task fairly 
well, which was to crush Casey and Couch, though they had 
shattered rather than crushed them, these divisions still showing 
a bold fighting front at nightfall. And in attaining so much of a 
triumph, Longstreet's and Hill's commands had sustained such 
losses as unfitted them for further immediate aggressive work. 
Huger had entirely failed in his attempt to advance down the 
Charles City road until he should reach a point opposite the rear 
of our left flank, when he was to press in as soon as we seemed 
fully occupied in front. He failed to march to the position 
assigned him, though four of his six brigades did go into action 
later in the day ; too late, though, for the success of his part of 
the plan, had he tried to carry it out, as by then our left had 
swung, and been forced too far back to have enabled him to reach 
our left rear. And General G. W. Smith, commanding the rebel 
right, who was to engage our reenforcements crossing the Chicka- 
liominy by the upper bridges, and if he encountered no resistance 
in making this movement was to engage the right of our corps 
line, did not go into action until three o'clock, when he only suc- 
ceeded in cutting Couch, with Abercrombie's brigade and a battery, 
off from their division, driving them into a threatening position 
on his own flank ; and before Smith could drive Couch out of the 
way he was himself driven back by the advancing columns of the 
Second Corps. 

That the rebel commander. General Johnston, was severely 



THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 45 

wounded about sunset of the 31st may have had a bearing on 
the next day's fighting, but it had none on the result of the 31st. 
The battle of that day had been fought by then, and so far from 
a victory was it for Johnston that the military chances are that, 
had he not been wounded, he would have withdrawn his troops to 
within tlieir own intrenchments before morning ; for he would 
have known that during every hour of that night reenforcements 
were crossing the Chickahominy, and that by morning he would 
have nearly all the divisions of the Army of the Potomac before 
him. 

When Johnston was wounded the command devolved on G. W. 
Smith, who seems to have possessed neither timely boldness nor 
wisdom, for he did not attack as promptly on the 31st as he should 
have attacked. Nor did he retreat that night, which he should 
have done, but remained on the field and attacked Eichardson's 
division with heavy columns the morning of June 1st. He was 
repulsed after an hour and a half of severe fighting, attacking 
again after an interval of half an hour, to be finally routed by a 
charge on his left and rear led by General French in person, the 
exact movement that Huger failed to perform the previous day on 
our left and rear. The enemy now retired to within the lines of 
intrenchments they had sallied from the morning before. 

We will round out our story of our part in the Battle of Fair 
Oaks, by adding Colonel Plaisted's report to brigade headquarters 
of the part taken in it by the companies of the Eleventh. That 
it is a warmly written report, differing entirely from the usual 
cold and formal statements of military movements making up 
such documents, makes it none the less readable. 

Headquarters, Eleventh Regiment 

Maine Volunteers, 
Near Seven Pines, Va., June 2, 1862. 

Of the part taken in the battle of ''Seven Pines" by my regi- 
ment, on the 31st ult., I have the honor to report : 

I was on the picket line near the Williamsburg Road, about 
noon of the 31st, being General Officer of the Day, when our pick- 
ets were attacked by the enemy and driven in. I met General 
Casey soon after emerging from the woods. He immediately 
ordered out the Eleventh Maine and the One Hundredth New 
York. Returning to my camp, opposite General Casey's head- 
quarters, I met three companies of the regiment, under the com- 



46 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

niand of Major Campbell, already in motion for the scene of 
action, viz. : Companies A, Captain Libby ; C, Lieutenant West ; 
and F, Captain Hill. The balance of the regiment (seven com- 
panies) were on picket. Taking command of the battalion, I 
moved it up the Williamsburg road a short distance, halted and 
loaded under a scattering fire, happy in having the opportunity of 
bringing my men under fire gradually. Orders then came to move 
my regiment up and support Captain Spratt's battery, then hotly 
■engaged on the right of the road, about two hundred yards in 
advance. I moved to post my companies on the right of the bat- 
tery, as it was supported on the left by the One Hundredth New 
York. To avoid shots directed to silence the battery, I filed to 
the right across the road to the woods about one hundred and 
fifty yards, and, under cover of the woods, advanced in line of 
battle to the front until opposite the right of the battery, then by 
the left flank to my position — about thirty yards from the right of 
the battery ; losing, in thus getting into position, but two men 
wounded. I ordered my men to lie down behind a ridge that pro- 
tected them, and reserve their fire until the rebels emerged from 
the woods. Soon after. General Naglee rode in front of my line 
amidst a shower of bullets, and ordered me to charge. With the 
greatest enthusiasm the order was obeyed. With the One Hun- 
dred and Fourth Pennsylvania on my right, we advanced across the 
open space two or three hundred yards to the fence, and not more 
than fifty yards from the woods, where we opened fire. We main- 
tained our fire and our position until two-thirds of my commissioned 
officers and one-half my little battalion were either killed or 
wounded, my flag perforated by "eleven bullets, flagstaff shot away, 
and the supports upon my right had left. Then, reluctantly, I 
gave the order, " Retreat." I retreated to my old camp-ground with 
the remains of my three companies, and, after a little while, 
retired to the '' Nine Mile " road, one hundred yards to the rear, 
where I supposed the rally would be made. Twice the shattered 
flag was raised to rally the fugitives of other regiments, but only 
those who stood by it before would stand by it now. In good 
order we retired to near Savage Station, where I heard from Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Jourdan, commanding the Fifty-sixth New York, 
that four of my companies that were on picket volunteered to 
fight under him. That gallant officer reports of them as follows : 

" I would most especially call the attention of the Command- 
ing General to the detachment of the Eleventh Maine Volunteers 
— 5our companies, under Captain Spofford — who were with my 
regiment during the engagement, and behaved nobly and retired 
from the field in good order ; but not until compelled by superior 
forces." 

These companies were : B, Ca])tain Cole ; G, Captain Spof- 
ford ; H, Lieutenant Fuller ; and K, Lieutenant Mudgett. 

Company D, under command of Lieutenant Johnson, did good 



THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 47 

service during tlie day, in capturing Lieutenant J. Barrall Wash- 
ington, aid-de-camp to General Johnston, and sending him in to 
headquarters. They held their jwsts until forced to retire, witii 
a loss of one killed, one wounded, and eighteen missing. Some of 
the latter will doubtless report themselves. 

My remaining companies that were on picket, viz., Company 
E, Lieutenant Sabine, and Company I, Captain Merrill, in all fifty 
men, occupied the extreme right of our picket line, and the good 
conduct of the officers and their commands was so conspicuous, 
and the services they performed so important, it gives me great 
pleasure to call particular attention thereto. They maintained 
their picket line during the entire day, and, it may be, saved Gen- 
eral Sedgwick from being surprised by a flank movement of the 
enemy while he was hotly engaged in front. 

Before nightfall a rel)el brigade of four or five regiments, with 
several hundred cavalry, advanced through a wheat-field towards 
the rear of Sedgwick's position, while the latter was doing such 
splendid execution with liis batteries, seemingly with the intention 
of passing througii the woods where the two companies were 
posted, and attacking him in the rear. The two companies 
assembled at the edge of the woods and fired upon the advancing 
rebels, tumbling three officers from their saddles. They then 
retired to the woods amid a shower of bullets, still watching the 
enemy's movements, and sending immediate notice to Sedgwick. 
They'maintained their picket line across the woods during all that 
rainy night without rations, taking a number of prisoners. 
(Lieutenant Johnson of Company D, with a few men, was also 
with them.) In the morning they returned to their regiment with 
not a man missing, bringing with them as many prisoners as their 
own companies numbered. These companies, during the whole 
day, were watching the rebel movements from trees and other con- 
spicuous points, and during the heavy firing were in ignorance of 
the state of the battle, knowing only that they were cut off from 
their camp, until a scouting party, sent out for the purpose, 
reported the position of Sedgwick's forces. By maintaining their 
position, thus leading the enemy to suppose them heavily sup- 
ported, they may have prevented an attack, and certainly a sur- 
prise, upon that general's force. Such devotion to duty as was 
exhibited by Captain Merrill and Lieutenant Sabine and tiieir 
commands is deserving of the highest praise. 

Were I to name all my officers and soldiers who did their duty, 
I should call the roll of "the regiment ; but I must in justice men 
tion Major Campl)ell. who distinguished himself for his coolness, 
efficiency, and braverv. When under the hottest fire at the front, 
I directed him to the left of the line to caution the men to fire 
lower. He moved from right to left amidst a storm of bullets. 
His calm, clear commands, as he moved along the line, touching 
almost every file on the back, " Fire lower, boys, fire lower,'' ''Aim 



48 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

lower, boys, aim lower,'' can never be forgotten by me. He was 
unharmed. 

Captain Hill, who commanded Company F for the day, and 
Captain Libby of Company A, behaved with great coolness and 
bravery. 

I have to report the loss of J. William AVest, lieutenant of 
Company C. He fell near the fence where we opened fire. He 
was a good officer and an excellent man, distinguished for con- 
stant attention to the wants of his company, and especially for 
his care of the sick. He was shot through the breast and died 
almost instantly, without a struggle — more happy in his death 
than so many of his fellow soldiers who have fallen a prey to lin- 
gering disease in camp. He gave his life to his country. Who 
can do more ? May he be remembered. 

Lieutenant Wm. H. H. Rice, of Company G, whose company 
was on picket, buckled on a cartridge box, took a rifle, and bravely 
fought in the ranks nntil borne from the field, shot through the 
thigh. 

Lieutenants Thomas A. Brann, of Company F; Lewis H. Holt, 
of Com])any A ; and Harrison Hume, of Company I, and Sergeant- 
Major Henry 0. Fox are worthy of most honorable mention for 
their coolness and bravery. Lieutenant Brann was shot through 
the knee ; Lieutenant Holt and Sergeant-Major Fox were a^so 
wounded. Lieutenant Hume's good conduct was so conspicuous, 
I was happy in having it in my power to make him adjutant of the 
regiment on the field. 

As a specimen of cool and deliberate firing by my men, I 
would mention that when a rebel color made its appearance out of 
the woods, Willie Parker, of Company C, a mere boy, exclaimed, 
" That flag must come down ! " After taking deliberate aim, seem- 
ingly for many seconds, he fired, and "down" came that flag. 

I cannot close my report without calling the attention of the 
commanding general to the good conduct of my surgeons, Drs. 
Bates and Richardson, and to that of Acting Quartermaster Sewall 
and his teamsters. Through their fidelity and coolness I saved all 
hospital and commissary stores, regimental books and papers, 
under a severe fire that killed two horses at the door of my tent, 
smashing our tents and wounding two persons. My three wagons 
were loaded and moved off. Fifty sick in our regimental hospital 
were moved to the rear in safety by my surgeons, assisted by Dr, 
Charles P. Hubbard, hospital steward. 

The bravery of my color-bearer. Sergeant Alexander T. Katon, 
was so conspicuous, I should do injustice to a brave man, and to 
the whole regiment, did I not call particular attention thereto. 
He bore our standard bravely in front of the line until ordered to 
halt on a line with the One Hundred and Fourtli Pennsylvania; 
and when I gave the ordei", "Forward to the fence,"' several yards 
in advance of that regiment, he was the first man to reach the 



THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 49 

fence, against which he firmly i)hinted onr flag, moving with the 
greatest steadiness amidst such a storm of bullets as it would seem 
"■ no mortal man could see and live." The shattered and torn con- 
dition of the colors attests the terrible fire directed against him. 

I have to lament the loss of a large portion of my regiment that 
was engaged. Of the three companies engaged under me, number- 
ing ninety-three men, I lost six killed, thirty-nine wounded, and 
seven missing — total, fifty-two. The loss of the picket companies 
engaged, under Colonel Jourdan, was seven wounded, twelve miss- 
ing — total, nineteen ; aggregate, seventy-one : this not including 
ten pioneers who were on fatigue duty on the Chickahominy and 
not yet heard from. Including them, my total loss is, therefore: 
Killed, six; wounded, forty-six; missing, twenty-nine — aggre- 
gate, eighty-one, out of a total engaged of two hundred and 
twenty-nine. 

Trusting that the conduct of the Eleventh Maine in the Bat- 
tle of " Seven Pines *' was such as will meet the approbation of the 
commanding general, I have the honor to be, sir. 
Very respectfully. 

Your obt. servt. , 

(Signed,) 11. M. Plaisted, 

Col. Comdg. Eleventli BegL Me. Vols. 

To Capt. Geo. H. Johnsok, 
A. A. Gen. Naglee's Brig. 

Casualties at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1802. 

Non-commissioned Staff. — Wounded, Sergeant-Major Henry 
0. Fox. 

Company A. — Killed, Privates Thomas F. Deray, George W. 
AVarren. Wounded, Lieutenant Lewis H. Holt ; Corporals Elias 
P. Morton, George A. Bakeman ; Privates John A. Brackett, 
Daniel A. Bean, Cyrus L. Bickford, Beujamiii P. Bibber, Edwin 
F. Collins, James H. Durgin, Samuel E. Keniston, Watson 
Keniston, David Morrison, Calvin D. Moore, Charles E. Palmer, 
Samuel Warren, Cass Tuck. 

Coinpany C. — Killed, Lieutenant J. William West : Privates 
Jerry McCarty, John F. Moore. Wounded, Sergeants Adams D. 
Phimmer, Lemuel E. Newcomb ; Privates James W. Cole, Eich- 
ard Connor, William F. Elwell, Edwin C. Haycock, Leander K. 
Foster, John McWalter, Joseph M. Munson, Ilerrick E. Nash, 
Benjamin D. Willey. Prisoners, Musician Henry E. Gardiner ; 
Privates William Emery, John McWalter. 

Company D. — Killed, Private Daniel Gray. Wounded, Private 
4 



50 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

Thomas R. Blaine. Prisoners, First Sergeant Robert Brady ; 
Sergeant Abner F. Bassett ; Corporal Freeman R. Dakin ; 
Musician Robert A. Strickland ; Privates Matthew P. House, 
Moses E. Sherman, William Sherman. 

Comimnij E. — Wounded, Corporal Elias H. Frost. 

Company F. — Killed, Corporal James A. Scoullar ; Privates 
George Farrow, John Flagg, James Lang. Wounded, First 
Sergeant Thomas A. Brann ; Sergeants Archibald Clark, Ben- 
jamin F. Dunbar ; Privates Franklin N. Hayden, George AY. Ken- 
niston, Ellison Libby, James W. Little, John F. Meserve, John 
E. Morrill, Nelson H. Norris, David Philbrick, Frauds Scotney, 
George E. Stickney. Prisoners, Privates Thomas C. Blaisdel, 
Eleazer Wyer. 

Company G. — Killed, Private William H. H. Dodge. Wounded, 
Lieutenant William H. H. Rice ; Private Charles F. Bunker. 

Company H. — Wounded, William H. Dill, Henry G. Prescott. 
Prisoners, Corporal Daniel M. Dill ; Privates William H. Dill, 
Seth W. Towle. 

Company I. — Prisoner, Sergeant Charles Trott. 

Company K. — Killed, Corj)oral Willis Maddocks, Wounded, 
Corporal Calvin S. Chapman ; Privates John F. Buzzell. John 
Whitcomb, Jr. Prisoner, Private Henry J. Moore. 

Killed, 12 ; wounded, 50 ; prisoners, 17 — total, 79. 



CHAPTER VI. 



ON THE CIIICKAHOMINY. 



Guarding the Bridges — Jackson Rcenforces Lee — The Battles of Mechauics- 
ville and Gaines Mill — Preparations for Retreat to the James — A. 
Strange Bombardment — Left at Savage Station. 

For a few days we remained on the field of battle. During 
one of the first nights, as we lay in the edge of a piece of woods, 
certain mules belonging to the Quartermaster's Department of our 
army were stampeded and galloped in a body along our biouvacking 
line of battle, the rattling of the chains of their harnesses, which 
had not been removed when they were unhitched from the 
wagons, so resembling the clanking of the scabbards of galloping 
cavalrymen that many of the Eleventh, more than will confess it, 
were sure that the rebel Stuart and his cavalry were upon us. 
For a few minutes the utmost consternation and confusion pre- 
vailed, but the truth was quickly known and quiet restored. Of 
course, no one was really scared ; still, it is said that during the 
misconception some of the Eleventh, and they not all of the rank 
and file either, displayed an unexpected aptitude for tree-climbing. 

We had occasion to look over the battlefield, for we did not 
know how many of our missing were captured ; some might be 
killed or wounded. It told the same ghastly story of war as had 
that of Williamsburg. Our hastily abandoned camp had been 
rummaged by the Confederates, and the shelter tents and blankets 
taken from it to spread on the wet ground as they lay in line of 
battle. The long line of wet, trampled tents and blankets told the 
exact position the enemy occupied the night of the first day of the 
battle. The kettles still hung over the charred embers of the 
extinguished cook fires, just as they had been abandoned by our 
fleeing cooks ; the headquarters tents still stood in their places, the 
horns of the band still hung on the limbs of the apple-trees they 
were hanging on when the bandmen hastily became a stretcher 
corps. Their music cheered us no more. 

In a day or two we moved to the rear. Lary's diary notes, for 



52 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

June 4th : ''Moved back to the Chickahominy." Newcomb's, for 
June 4th : "Notwithstanding the pouring rain we were turned 
out at daybreak, and were soon wading for Bottom's Bridge. 
The heavy rains of hours had now swollen every little rivulet 
and filled every depression of the fields. We had to ford several 
torrents, one of which was strong enough to take men off 
their feet, and but for the help of a rope stretched across the 
stream some would have been drowned. Many muskets and 
blankets were lost in the torrent. I stood in the water to my 
waist for an hour helping hold the rope. We encamped on the 
Chickahominy at Bottom's Bridge, holding a position covered by 
rifle pits." 

Our division now guarded the railroad bridge and Bottom's 
Bridge, Couch's division guarding the fords across White Oak 
Swamp. 

General Peck assumed command of our division at about this 
time, General Casey taking command at White House Landing, 
our base of supplies on the York Eiver. After the abandonment 
of that post, General Casey was ordered to Washington, where he 
resumed charge of incoming troops, the work he liad efficiently 
performed during the fall and winter of 1861-62. 

General Casey was not with us long enough for us to know him 
as we came to know many other generals, but in the short time he 
was with us he gained the respect of our men, who came to look 
upon him as a somewhat abused officer, one that others higher in 
command had attempted to make a scapegoat for their own short- 
comings. When the reenlisted men, after their return from vet- 
eran furlough in Maine, were camping on Arlington Heights in 
the spring of 1864, with the recruits they were taking back to the 
regiment, then on its way from the Department of the South. 
General Casey and his staff rode by the camp. Instantly the 
''veterans'' rushed to the roadside, a sturdy body, and, zealously 
rcenforced by the strong body of recruits, all gave General 
Casey three times three cheers at the stentorian command of a 
self-appointed leader, who called for them for " the hero of Fair 
Oaks." The bright smile that beamed on the suddenly flushed 
face of Casey, as the answer to a few words of inquiry made 
known to him what regiment he was indebted to for the unex- 
pected comi)liment, told us tliat he had not forgotten the Eleventh 
Maine. And as the old soldier— a hero of the Florida and of the 



ON THE CHICK AHOM IN Y. 53 

Mexican War, wounded at Chapultepec — rode away, he bared his 
gray head in grateful acknowledgment of our loyal remembrance. 

For some days our position was near the bridges. We shifted 
our camp once or twice, at last camping not far from the end of 
the railroad bridge, near where the Confederate artillery had 
stood that D company and a Federal piece of artillery had a smart 
eniracrement with before we crossed the Chickahominy. Maxfield 
rejoined the regiment the night of June 9th, and noted that it was 
then encamped ''about a mile and a half from the Chickahominy," 
and noted, the 17th, that the camp ground was that day changed 
to one about three-quarters of a mile distant — '' to higher ground 
and nearer the railroad " ; nearer the Chickahominy, too. 

We were occupied in ordinary camp and field work while in 
these camps. The following extracts from Maxtield's diary will 
give a fair idea of its range : ''June 13th. — Was detailed on a for- 
aging expedition, went four or five miles from camp, and cut clover 
enough to fill four army wagons."' " June 22d. — Went out in the 
morning after apples and blackberries, then Avent on picket at a 
fort a mile and a half from camp." 

And we were settling down into a drilling system, that desider- 
atum of regimental commanders, and which they sieze every 
opportunity to set in motion, for Maxfield notes : "June 24th. — 
Company drill from nine to eleven in the forenoon and from three 
to five in the afternoon." "'June 25th. — Company drill in the 
forenoon and battalion drill in the afternoon"; adding, ''Heavy 
firing towards Riclimond during the day and night." The begin- 
ning of the end of the Peninsula campaign had come. 

General McClellan states, in his report, that after the battle of 
Fair Oaks there was a pause of two weeks' duration in active 
operations. During this time the bridges across the Chickahom- 
iny were repaired, and the line of works already laid out beyond 
Seven Pines was completed from Golding's to White Oak Swamp. 
And changes were made in the disposition of the troops. The 
front of Seven Pines was heavily reenforced preparatory to moving 
on Richmond. On our side of the river, Franklin's corps was 
now on the right of the line, covering the Chickahominy and 
reaching to Sumner's, with Heintzelman's on Sumner's left ; 
Keyes's corps in reserve. Porter's corps alone remained on the 
left bank of the Chickahominy, disposed in the vicinity of 
Gaines Mill, with McCall's division of Pennsylvania Reserves — 



54 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

which had recentl}^ come by water from before Washington — ad- 
vanced to and near Mechanicsville. 

General Lee had been in command of the Army of Northern 
Virginia since June 2d. Gathering a strong force at Richmond, 
he planned to have Jackson move swiftly and unexpectedly from 
the Valley to the Chickahominy, uniting with himself to make 
a sudden and overwhelming attack on McClellan^s right wing — 
Porter's corps and McCalFs division — crush it, and so cut our 
army off from the Wiiite House, our base of supplies, thus forcing 
us to retreat down the Peninsula. Lee does not seem to have 
thought of the possibility that McClellan might prefer to retreat 
to the James, if he must retreat at all. 

The plans of McClellan and Lee came to a head at about the 
same hour — McClellan's to advance on Richmond from Seven 
Pines and Fair Oaks, and Lee's to drive him from his position 
before that city. The '' heavy firing towards Richmond during 
the day and night," noted by Maxfield, was occasioned by an ad- 
vance of our picket lines on our side of the Chickahominy, an 
advance necessary for the deploying of troops to make the attack 
planned for the 26th or 27th, to he made by Franklin's corps on 
the rebel position at Old Tavern. The attack was made by 
Hooker's division, supported by Kearney's, by divisions of the 
Third Corps, and by Palmers brigade of Couch's division of our 
corps, and by a part of Ricliardson's division of the Second Corps. 
The movement was entirely successful, and by night the attacking 
force was in position to make a rapid and effective advance. So 
much for McClellan's forward movement ; its beginning and end. 

''June 26th, very heavy firing toward Richmond all day and 
night,'' notes Maxfield. This was the Battle of Mechanicsville, 
the beginning of Lee's movement. A. P. Hill crossed the Chick- 
ahominy that morning to cover Jackson's advance, and attacking 
McCall's division, drove in his outposts. But as Hill was unable 
to make any head against McCall's main line, and night falling 
with the Union position unshaken, the battle was a virtual Union 
victory. But although McCall held his ground at Mechanicsville, 
this engagement was the turning point of the campaign. McClel- 
lan learned positively from it that what he had for some days 
feared was now taking place, a deserter and spies reporting that 
Jackson was marching for the Chickahominy, and that Lee and 
Jackson were uniting. 



ox THE CHICKAHOMINY. o5 

Far from being surprised by it, McClellan had been preparing 
for JTist til is contingency. General Webb states that some time 
in early June McClellan conferred with General Porter on the 
advantages of the James as a base, and the desirability of chang- 
ing from the York to that river. The conclusion reached was 
that necessity, and necessity only, would warrant such a movement 
— a dangerous and difficult one — in the face of such a vigilant foe 
as General Lee ; and a disaster would endanger our cause at home 
and abroad. Still, for security. General McClellan had sent a 
cavalry force and topographical engineer officers to map the 
country from White Oak Swamp to the James, and to obtain all 
information necessary to enable him to make a change of base if 
need be. And on the 18th of June McClellan made arrange- 
ments for transports, with supplies of subsistence and forage, to 
move up the James, under convoy of gunboats. This fleet 
reached Harrison's Landing in time to be available for the army 
on its arrival there. 

It was after the 13th of June, the date that Stuart, Avith fifteen 
hundred rebel cavalry and four guns, attacked our cavalry 
advance at Hanover Court House, overpowered it, and pushed for 
our depots of supply, making the circuit of the army, crossing the 
Chickahominy at Long Bridge, and escaping through White Oak 
Swamp, that these preparations we]'e made. McClellan says of 
this raid, in his report : " The burning of two schooners laden 
with forage and of fourteen army wagons, the destruction of 
some sutler's stores, the killing of several of the guard and team- 
sters at Garlick's Landing, some little damage done at Tunstall's 
Station, and a little eclat, were the principal results of the expe- 
dition." He might have added that another result was an 
increase of conviction in his own mind that our base of supplies 
was an easily disturbed one, and that the James, now cleared of 
rebel gunboats to Drury's Bluff — our gunboats occupying the 
river to that point very soon after Norfolk was evacuated on April 
10th — was the true road to Richmond. It was immediately after 
this raid that McClellan had the conference with Porter on the 
possibility of making a change of base. 

The evening of the day of the Battle of Mechanicsville, General 
McClellan determined that the time had come to make the change 
of base he had been contemplating and preparing for, as you 
have seen. All his energies were now bent on the task of getting 



56 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

his immense supply and artillery trains — ''stretching for forty 
miles if they had been strung out on a single road," states Gen- 
eral Keyes — and his army to the James in the face of a powerful 
and aggressive foe. It could not be done in a day, or two days, 
and battles must be fought and won and on their winning 
depended the fate of the contest. 

Ordering Porter to withdraw McCall from Mechanicsville, and 
to fall back with all his force to Gaines Mill, to close his left on 
the Chickahominy in the best position possible, and to curve his 
line to the right in the arc of a circle, McClellan hurried his 
preparations for retreat, while Porter fought the battle of Gaines 
Mill, to gain time needed for the trains to move to safety. 

Maxfield notes, of the day this battle was fought, June 27th : 
" Heavy firing on the lines during the forenoon and most of the 
afternoon; McClellan^s balloon up many times during the day.'^ 
The firing of the forenoon was occasioned by Magruder's move- 
ments along the front of our line on our bank of the Chicka- 
hominy. Lee had stripped that side of all available troops, and 
had marched them to attack Porter ; and Magruder, to cover the 
weakness of the Confederates on our side of the river, and to pre- 
vent reenforcements from being sent from our divisions to the 
aid of Porter, opened a furious artillery fire along our whole front, 
using the troops at his command in making threatening demon- 
strations, really leading our commanders to fancy that the Confed- 
erates had a heavy attacking force in their fronts, causing them 
not only to declare to McClellan their inability to spare reenforce- 
ments for Porter, but to refrain from making the slightest for- 
ward movement, when the weakness of the Confederate line 
under Magruder would have been quickl}^ shown. Magruder was 
a great military actor, and his peculiar abilities served the Con- 
federates well in the Peninsula campaign. Confederate General 
''Dick" Taylor says of him : "Of a boiling, headlong courage, 
he was too excitable for high command. Widely known for his 
social attractions, he had a histrionic vein, and indeed was fond of 
private theatricals. Few managers could have surpassed him in 
imposing on an audience a score of supernumeraries for a great 
army." 

It was not until two o'clock in the afternoon that the attack 
was begun on Porter. A. P. Hill attacked his left, followed by 
Longstreet on his left, and Jackson on his. Jackson's line out- 



ON THE CHICK AIIOMINY. 57 

reached and flanked Porter's ; so that, in spite of his being 
reenforced by Slocum's division, and by French's and Meagher's 
brigades, Porter was forced to move across the river, and by 
morning was on our side of the Chickahominy, with all tlie 
bridges destroyed. 

The evening of June 27th, General McClellan called the corps 
commanders together and gave them his final orders. They were 
immediately acted upon. Keyes's corps was across the White Oak 
Swamp by noon of the 28th (except Naglee's brigade, left at 
Bottom's and the railroad bridges), and had seized the high ground 
beyond the swamp, taking position to guard the crossing trains 
from attacks by Confederates moving down the roads from Rich- 
mond. Franklin fell back the morning of the 28th from his 
advanced position, repelling an attack while doing so. Sumner 
and Heintzelman held their lines till the morning of the 29th, 
falling back to interior lines that reached from near White Oak 
Swamp and curved to the right to cover Savage Station. Porter 
crossed White Oak Swamp during the day and night of the 28th, 
and took position with Keyes. The whole plan looked to the 
final crossing of Wliite Oak Swamp during the night of the 29th. 

Onr regiment was stationed at the railroad bridge. The story 
of the Battle of Gaines Mill was brought to us by the seemingly 
interminable army of disheartened soldiers and camp followers 
that for hours filed across the bridge, w^ithout officers or order, 
clamoring that all was lost, that Jackson was moving swiftly 
towards us, crushing all opposition. With a well-manned battery, 
strongly supported, placed on the hill behind our camp, the 
Eleventh went down into the swamps of the Chickahominy, 
remaining there in a long skirmish line for two or three days, 
expecting every hour to hear the skirmishers of the enemy crash- 
ing through the woods lining the opposite shore of the Chicka- 
hominy, now easily fordable. But we were not attacked by 
infantry. 

Newcomb records in his diary, under date of June 28th : *' Sev- 
eral shells were thrown by both sides about dusk, and about 
twelve o'clock at night a piece was fired that brought us all to our 
feet. It was horrible work visiting pickets in the dark, tearing 
through w^oods and bushes, and wading through the mud as I had 
to." 

While awaiting the momentarily uncertain enemy, men of our 



58 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

regiment destroyed the railroad hridge. This was considered a 
dangerous service, and was assigned to Provost and Pioneer Ser- 
geant Dunbar, who received and deserved great credit for the 
thorough manner in which the work was done. 

Before the enemy, uncertain of McClellan's intentions, moved 
forward at all vigorously — Jackson, A. P. Hill, and Longstreet 
not crossing the Chickahominy until the 29th, delayed by the 
necessity of rebuilding the destroyed bridges before their artillery 
could cross — before they were across the Chickahominy, .McClel- 
lan's rapidly laid plans had been fully acted on, and the retreat 
to the James was in full operation ; and so quietly were the com- 
plex movements of our troops made that Magruder and Huger, 
left by Lee on our side of the river to watch McClellan, only 
awoke on the morning of the 29th to the fact that he was retiring 
his lines. Then Magruder made his furious attack on Sumner at 
Allen's Farm, the position occupied by Couch's division at the 
beginning of the Battle of Fair Oaks, and later in the day 
attacked Sumner and Franklin at Savage Station, to which posi- 
tion Sumner had now retired to join Franklin. In both affairs the 
rebels were severely handled by the Union troops. Foiled here, 
Magruder, Huger, A. P. Hill, and Longstreet hurried to the 
north of AVhite Oak Swamp to gain the roads leading from Rich- 
mond, to try and break through our long covering line, while 
Jackson pushed on to White Oak Swamp Bridge, to endure the 
mortification of being ''stood off" by a vastly inferior force. 

As we moved away from the ruins of the railroad bridge tlie 
afternoon of June 29th, the famous train of cars that was loaded 
with shells and combustibles at Savage Station, fired and started 
on its way to destruction, came tearing down the track, and, 
reaching the broken bridge, took its mighty header. General 
''Dick" Taylor, of the Confederates, who was in command of the 
troops at the other end of the bridge, says of this incident that, 
while the Battle of Savage Station was raging in the afternoon of 
June 29th, the din of the distant combat was silenced to his ears 
by the clamor of an approaching train, evidently gathering speed 
as it rushed along. It quickly emerged from the forest, to show 
two engines drawing a long string of cars. Reaching the broken 
bridge, the engines exploded with a terrible noise, followed in suc- 
cession by the explosion of the carriages laden with ammunition. 
Shells burst in all directions, the river was lashed into foam. 



ON THE CHICKAHOMINY. 59 

trees were torn for acres around, and several of Taylor's men 
were wounded. 

Newcomb's diary gives a graphic sketch of the effect on our 
pickets: "About four o'clock the colonel sent me down to the 
bridge to withdraw the pickets. When I had gone about one- 
half the distance our pickets fired a volley, killing at least one 
rebel, who had stalked out on the bridge in full view. Before 1 
could withdraw the pickets, the regiment started away. The 
pickets on the extreme right of the line were the last to leave 
their posts, and we were about fifteen rods from the bridge when 
the train came rushing on. We were in anxious suspense as it 
came nearer and nearer to the chasm. We first heard a crash, 
and then there was a terrible explosion. We threw ourselves flat 
on the ground. The tops of the trees were shivered by tiie flying 
fragments, and a large ball buried itself in the mud about ten feet 
from me." 

To this harsh music we moved swiftly away, not halting until 
we had crossed White Oak Swamp Bridge in gathering darkness, 
and reached tiie high ground beyond. Here we bivouacked in line 
of battle, the incoming brigades taking the places of those of Keyes 
and Porter, whose brigades were now making a night march to 
occupy Malvern Hill and its approaches, the trains pushing on in 
their rear to be placed under the protection of the gunboats as 
they reached the river. A sad feature of the retreat was the 
necessity, through lack of transportation, of leaving twenty-five 
hundred Union wounded and sick at Savage Station. With them 
was left a staff of nearly five hundred surgeons, nurses, and attend- 
ants, and an ample supply of stores saved for their use amid the 
vast destruction of stores that had gone on for a day and a night 
at the station. 

Among the abandoned sufferers were the following named mem- 
bers of the Eleventh Maine : Corporals Seth C. Welch and Thomas 
T. Tabor, of Company B ; Private Francis N. Elwell, of Com- 
pany C ; Private Aaron Sands, of Company F ; Private George R. 
Pettingill, of Company G ; Private Charles B. Rogers, of Com- 
pany H ; and Privates Charles A. Cochran and Adelbert P. 
Chick, of Company K. 



CHAPTEE VII. 

WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES. 

Across Wliite Oak Swamp — Jackson Salutes with Thirty Guns — Naglee's 
Yankee Squad — A Battery Arrives just in Time — Battle of Glendale 
— Other Engagements of the Day — A Night March to the James — The 
Battle of Malvern Hill — Arrival at Harrison's Landing. 

The morning of June 30th, exhausted men could be seen lying 
fast asleep everywhere — in the fields and the woods, on the safe 
side of White Oak Swamp, even in the dusty road. All our army 
had crossed by White Oak Swamp Bridge, except Heintzelmau's 
command, which crossed farther to the north, by Brackett^s Ford, 
destroying the bridge after crossing. From daylight, as fast as 
the packed condition of the roads to the James would permit, all 
troops but those of us who were to form the rear guard of the day 
(the divisions of Smith and Richardson, two brigades of Sedg- 
wick's division, and Naglee's brigade, all under the command of 
Franklin, to lie here and hold Jackson at bay) were moving 
slowly to positions towards the next selected position at which to 
make a stand — Malvern Hill. That Jackson was on the other 
side of the bridge, we knew. The rattle of the skirmishers' rifles 
told us that, and just about noon he announced his presence by 
suddenly opening on us with thirty pieces of artillery. One 
moment there was nothing above us but a cloudless sky, the next 
the air was full of shrieking shells, bursting in white puffs of 
smoke, and showering down a storm of broken iron. Newcomb 
notes : ''The scene was terribly sublime." 

So startling was the suddenness of the change, it is not strange 
that, as the Second Corps chronicler puts it, ''there was a scene 
of dire confusion." And to add to it, the men in charge of a 
ponton train drawn up by the roadside, waiting for an opportu- 
nity to lumber away, unhitched their mules, mounted them, and 
fled for the James. 

The confusion lasted but a few minutes, and in it the Eleventh 
had no share. We were lying in the edge of the woods that bor- 



WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES. 61 

dered the great cleared field in which the troops and trains were 
massed, and perhaps had an advantage in all being wide awake. 
At any rate, we were not a bit demoralized. Scarcely a man 
started to his feet, all waiting for the word of command. It 
came quickly, and from the mouth of General Naglee himself, 
who, riding up to us and seeing onr immovability, while the 
troops around us were in evident confusion, could not restrain 
his delight at our coolness, as he cried out, " Fall in, my Yankee 
squad " ; for the Eleventh was few in numbers now. We fell in, 
and, as he proudly led us across the big field, to a new position, we 
stiffened our necks and neither dodged nor bowed to the storm of 
iron beating down upon us. We had made a hit, and we knew it. 

Taking position behind the rails of a torn-down fence, the 
Eleventh lay listening to Jackson's cannon while watching Haz- 
zard's battery as it swept the White Oak Swamp Bridge with a 
storm of grape and canister, that kept even Jackson at bay. The 
cannoneers fell one by one — were thinned out until the officers 
not yet killed or wounded dismounted and took })laces at the guns ; 
it was whispered that the ammunition was giving out — was 
almost gone — a few rounds more and the last shell would be fired, 
and then Jackson and his thirty-five thousand men would pour 
across the bridge and up the heights to learn what sort of stuff 
Franklin's force was made of. But this Avas not to be. Just as 
we were gathering ourselves for the apparently fast-coming 
struggle, there came a yell from the rear, a sound of desperately 
galloping horses, and, with slashing whips, Pettit's guns came 
tearing on at the top of their horses' speed, General Naglee, who 
had brought them from the far rear, leading them into position. 
Ours, as did all the regiments massed, in the big field, rose and 
cheered. Naglee and the artillerymen as they swept by. Inside of 
a minute from their first appearance the guns were in position, 
unlimbered, and were sweeping the bridge with grape and can- 
ister. 

Away on the left, at Glendale, there was fighting, and jiard 
fighting, too. Our men were so hard pressed that Franklin felt 
obliged to return to Sedgwick the two brigades that he had bor- 
rowed from him. And our first colonel, now General Caldwell, 
who had been with us during the day, commanding a brigade of 
Eichardson's division, marched away with his brigade to render 
effective service in beating back the masses of the enemv. The 



62 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

rebels had attacked at several points in their efforts to break 
through the lines that covered our retreating supply, ammuni- 
tion, and artillery trains, but always unsuccessfully. But not 
until about three o'clock did the attack of the day begin, A. P. 
Hill and Longstreet charging McCall at Glendale, and overwhelm- 
ing him after a desperate struggle, in which McCall was captured, 
with guns and many of his division. But Hooker was on his 
right rear and Kearney on his left rear, and their divisions closing 
in and uniting with that of Sedgwick, now in McCall's rear, with 
three brigades (the two lent to Franklin had now returned), and 
Caldwell's brigade and one of 8Iocuni's arriving in time to take 
an active part in the battle. Hill and Longstreet were held in 
check until dark. Magruder did not get to their support until 
night, through taking a wrong road, and Huger not at all, being 
taken off by a misleading message from Holmes, whose division, 
drawn from the south bank of the James, did not reach a position 
on the New Market road until a day later than Lee intended it 
should. 

Before the attack on McCall, an attempt had been made to dis- 
lodge Sloeuni from his position on the right of the Charles City 
road, his line extending to White Oak Swamp and covering 
Brackett's Ford. Slocum resisted with a sweeping artillery fire 
similar to, and as effective as, that with which we were holding 
Jackson at bay. 

Late in the day an attempt was made on Porter, now at Mal- 
vern Hill with Keyes. Holmes and Wise moved down from 
Richmond by the river road, and made a feeble attack ; but the 
concentrated fire of thirty pieces of artillery on their column, and 
the shells of the gunboats, forced them to beat a hasty and dis- 
orderly retreat. 

The only other attack of the day was a sharp skirmish that took 
place with the enemy's cavalry on the Quaker road, an attack 
that caused McClellan to fear other attacks of the sort. But the 
enemy was now weak in cavalry, Stuart having remained on the 
otlier bank of the Chickahominy to crowd Stoneman down the 
Peninsula. 

Taylor states that Stuart did not reach the rebel army until after 
the Battle of Malvern Hill; adding: "Had he been brought 
over Long Bridge two days earlier, McClellan's huge train on the 
Charles City road would have fallen an easy prey to his cavalry 



WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES. 63 

and he could have blocked the roads through the forest." The 
night of June 30th, after dark, we prepared to retreat from White 
Oak Swamp Bridge. The abandoned ponton train was set on 
fire, and by its flaring light we fell back, and daylight found us 
in position with our own division at Malvern Hill. Ncwcomb 
writes : '' "We did not move from the field until nearly ten o'clock 
at night," and that *' daylight found us weary mortals in a large 
wheat-field on the bank of the James, not far from Haxall's." 

The Battle of Malvern Hill was fought during this day. Gen- 
eral " Dick " Taylor gives the Confederate view of the battle. 
We quote : " The Union right was covered by Turkey Creek, an 
affluent of the James, the left near the river and protected by 
gunboats, which, though hidden by timber, threw shells across 
his (McClellan's) entire left front. Distance and uncertainty of 
aim saved us from much loss by their projectiles, but their shriek 
and elongated form astonished our landward men, who called 
them ' lampposts." " After noting that the rebel artillery labored 
under a great disadvantage through its inferior eleyation, and that 
it was brought into action in detail only to be overpowered, he 
adds, of the rebel plan of battle, that it was to be a dual " mass 
and charge," the left attack to be made by Jackson, the right by 
]\Iagruder, Lougstreet and A. P. Hill in support. But it was 
late in the afternoon, after three o'clock, before the dispositions 
were made, when the orders were for D. H. Hill, of Jackson's 
force, to attack with the bayonet as soon as he heard the cheers of 
Magruder's charge. At about five o'clock, hearing a shout and 
firing to the right, and supposing it to be Magruder's attack. Hill 
led his men to the charge, to be beaten otf with serious loss. 
Four brigades were sent to his assistance, but could accomplish 
nothing. About sunset, and after Hill's attack had failed, 
Magruder led his men forward with a similar result, losing heavily. 
General McClellan describes Malvern Hill by stating that " it 
is an elevated plateau, about a mile and half by three-quarters of 
a mile in area, well cleared of timber, and with several converging 
roads running over it. In front are numerous defensible ravines, 
and the ground slopes gradually towards the north and east to the 
woodland, giving clear ranges for the artillery in those directions. 
Toward the northeast the plateau falls off more sharply into a 
ravine, which extends to the James River.*' He adds : ''From the 
position of the enemy, his most obvious line of attack would come 



64 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

from the direction of White Oak Swamp. Here, therefore, the 
line was strengthened by massing the troops, and collecting the 
principal part of the artillery." 

General jVEcClellan gives his formation from left to right : 
Porter's corps, the Sixth — Sykes's division on the left, then Mor- 
relFs division of the same corps ; then Couch's of the Fourth 
Corps, then Kearney's and Hooker's of the Third Corps, then 
Sedgwick's and Eichardson's of-the Second Corps, then Smith's 
and Slocum's of the Fifth Corps, then Peck's division (ours) of 
the Fourth Coq)s. The right extended in a backward curve 
nearly to the river. AlcCall was placed in rear of Porter, where 
the weight of the attack was expected to and did largely fall, and 
Commodore Rodgers's gunboats were stationed off that flank to 
cover the approaches from Eichmond. 

About nine o'clock the enemy opened with artillery, and rebel 
skirmishers felt along our line from the left to as far as Hooker. 
From then until in the afternoon there was heavy firing by the 
batteries of both sides, and a continual rattle of skirmishers' 
rifles, with now and then a rolling volley as the troops of the two 
sides came in view of each other. At three o'clock a heavy fire of 
artillery opened on Kearney's left and on Couch's division. This 
was speedily followed by a brisk attack of infantry on Couch. 
This attack was made by Anderson's brigade, of D. H. Hill's divi- 
sion. It charged against the right of Couch, and became engaged 
with Palmer's brigade (late Devens's), to be repulsed, leaving the 
flag of the Fourteenth North Carolina in possession of the Thirty- 
sixth New York. 

At 4.3U o'clock D. H. Hill, under cover of an artillery fire, led 
his men into action, attacking Morrell, but Morrell's front was 
guarded by fourteen rifled Parrott guns and eleven field pieces. 
Hill's assault was speedily broken, and his column driven back 
with a heavy loss. 

About six o'clock Magruder's charge was made. Magruder's 
plan was as simple as formidable ; to mass fifteen thousand men, 
and charge the batteries and sui)porting infantry. Hurled against 
an ordinary line, this mass would have broken through by sheer 
weight, but, hurled against a concentrated artillery fire and 
massed infantry, his brigades and their reenforcements were shat- 
tered before they could reach our lines. McClellan describes this 
attack and its fate. After stating; that at six o'clock the rebels 



WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES. 65 

opened with their artillery on Couch and Porter again, at once 
pushing forward their columns of attack, he says : " Brigade after 
brigade formed under cover of the woods, started at a run to cross 
the open space and charge our batteries, but the heavy fire of the 
guns, and the cool and steady volleys of our infantry, in every 
case sent them reeling back to shelter, and covered the ground 
with their dead and wounded. In several instances our infantry 
withheld their fire until the attacking column, pushed through 
the storm of canister and shell of our artillery, had reached 
within a few yards of our lines. Our men then poured in a single 
volley and dashed forward with the bayonet, capturing prisoners 
and colors, and driving the routed columns in confusion from the 
field."' Darkness ended the Battle of Malvern Hill, though it was 
not until nine o'clock that the artillery ceased to fire. 

I must confess that I slept through most of the uproar of this 
battle — slept the sleep of the thoroughly tired out ; and I under- 
stand that all that could of the army did so too, refreshing tired 
nature against the hour of need. Many of the troops actually 
engaged had to be awakened to do their brief part in repelling 
an assault, and that done, would lie down and fall asleep again. 
And I do not believe that even observing Maxfield heard a sound of 
the battle, else his diary note for the day would have been a more 
elaborate one than it is : " Arrived where our teams were encamped 
soon after daybreak, and, after taking a short nap, moved a short 
distance and stopped in the edge of a wood so as to be in the 
shade, remaining there all day." Newcomb notes: " We lay in the 
edge of the woods, as Keyes said, like a snake in the grass." 
When darkness set in, the retreat was continued. The movement 
was now by the left and rear, Keyes's corps covering it. 

Newcomb notes, for July 2d : " We were turned out at one 
o'clock in the morning, and told to get our breakfasts. During 
the night long trains of wagons were passing us. As soon as it 
was daylight we were again in line. About nine o'clock it com- 
menced to rain, and continued to pour for twenty hours, with 
very little cessation. We were marched hither and thither during 
the day. Night found us about four miles down the river. Dur- 
ing the day some Western regiments from Shield's division came 
into the field. This little circumstance lightened our spirits 
wonderfully. The main incident of the day was the taking of a 
rebel battery, a short distance from us, at the point of the bayonet. 



66 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

It had been firing nearly all day upon our teams. Major Camp- 
bell rejoined the regiment from his home, where he had been on 
sick leave. He left us at Bottom's Bridge." 

McClellan's new position was selected by Commodore Eodgers, 
who declared to him that it would be necessary for the navy to fall 
back from Malvern Hill to a point below City Point, as the river 
channel was so near the Southern shore that it would not be pos- 
sible to bring up the transports should the enemy occupy City 
Point. Harrison's Landing was in his opinion the nearest suit- 
able point. 

As indicated by Newcomb, troops, batteries, and trains moved 
towards the Landing all the night of July 1st and the morning of 
July 2d. The heavens opened and torrents of rain descended. 
Our division lay in a covering position to oppose any advance the 
enemy might make, but Lee had given up the chase. With our 
troops already on the James, under cover of our gunboats, he 
knew it was madness to pursue further. 

So, quite unmolested, the sodden, tired men, the trains of 
wounded, our batteries and wagon trains, floundered through 
mud into Harrison's Landing, and not till all were past us, the 
last wagon and the last straggling man, did we of the rear guard 
move into that haven of rest and safety for tlie beaten, battered,, 
exhausted Army of the Potomac. 



1 



I 



CHAPTER VIII. 
Harrison's landing. 

Evlington Heights — General ^IcClellau's Address to tlie Army — From tlie 
Richmond Enquirer — A Foraging Raid and its Results — A Morning 
Alarm — From the Diaries — Lee Relieves Richmond by Threatening 
Washington — The Retreat to Yorktown. 

The Army of the Potomac occupied a line of heights encircling 
a i)lain that extended along the river. These heights, Evlington 
by name, commanded our whole position, and how nearly we 
came to losing them, to our undoing, is perhaps not generally 
known. 

The 3d of July, while our divisions were massed on the river, as 
yet not disposed for defense, Stuart's cavalry rode up Evlington 
Heights, not then occupied, and, finding that they overlooked our 
camps, injudiciously began to throw shells from their howitzers 
into our lines. At the same time, Stuart sent word to Longstreet 
and Jackson of the commanding position, hitherto unknown to 
them or to our commanders. But before Longstreet or Jackson 
could reach Stuart with infantry, our own infantry had been moved 
out and had taken the lieigiits in force, which they immediately 
proceeded to fortify. Had Stuart remained quiet until the rebel 
infantry had taken position on these heights, the result might 
have been most disastrous to our army. 

But with these heights occupied, the flanks of our army resting 
on the river and the creeks running into the James on the right 
and left, and the guns of the fleet added to those of our batteries, 
the rebel engineers decided that our position was practically im- 
pregnable. 

General McClellan issued the following address to the army : 

Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, 

Camp near Harrison's Landing, Va., 

Friday, July Uh, 1862. 
Soldiers of the Army of the Potomac ! Your achievements of 
the last ten days have illustrated the valor and endurance of the 
American soldier. Attacked by superior forces, and without hope 



68 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

of reenforcemenfcs, you have succeeded in changing your base of 
operations by a flank movement, always regarded as the most 
hazardous of military experiments. 

You have saved all your material, all your trains, and all your 
guns except a few lost in battle, taking in return guns and 
colors from the enemy. Upon your march you have been assailed 
day after day with desperate fury by men of the same race and 
nation, skillfully massed and led. 

Under every disadvantage of numbers, and, necessarily, of 
position also, you have in every conflict beaten back your foes 
with enormous slaughter. Your conduct ranks you among the 
celebrated armies of history. No one will now question that each 
of you may always with pride say : "I belong to the Army of the 
Potomac." You have reached the new base, complete in organiza- 
tion and unimpaired in spirit. 

The enemy may at any time attack you. We are prepared to 
meet them. I have personally established your lines. Let them 
come, and we will convert their repulse into a final defeat. Your 
Government is strengthening you with the resources of. a great 
people. 

On this our Nation's birthday, we declare to our foes, who 
are rebels against the best interests of mankind, that this army 
shall enter the capital of the so-called Confederacy ; that our 
National Constitution shall prevail ; and that the Union, which 
can alone insure internal peace and external security to each 
State, ^'must and shall be preserved," cost what it may in time, 
treasure, and blood. 

(Signed), Geo. B. McClellan. 

This bravely and hopefully worded address is an epitome of the 
campaign of the Peninsula, and its epitaph. 

However unsatisfactory the ''change of base" was to the people 
of the North, it was a most welcome one to the army. Not that 
its fighting qualities were impaired to a great degree, but it had 
lost in the swamps of the Chickahominy more men from disease 
than from bullets, and nearly every man, from the Commander-in- 
Chief down to the drummer boys, had had his greater or less touch 
of fever — an enemy that killed hundreds, invalided thousands, and 
physically weakened all still with the colors. For example, D 
Company of the Eleventh marched into Harrison's Landing just 
about a dozen strong, and A Company marched in behind D with 
a bare half-dozen to its name. Curiously enough, the men that 
held out were mainly ''ponies," the left files of the companies — 
the youngsters the brawny Anaks of the right files had so benevo- 
lently, while in Washington, talked of carrying on their shoulders 



Harrison's landing. 69 

when the little fellows should give out on the march. But from 
that time forward it was demonstrated that mere weight is a 
marching disqualification ; that, as McDowell puts it somewhere, 
the skin of a heavy man is no thicker than that of a light one, 
while the wear and tear of cuticle is in proportion to weight — 
the greater the weight the greater the inflammation, and tlie 
greater the inflammation the greater the exhaustion. 

We trailed into Harrison's Landing worn out and exhausted, 
and with sadly thinned ranks ; but the general recuperation was 
speedy, the purer air and water thinning out the hospitals to 
strengthen the battle line. 

The Richmond Enquirer stated the sanitary advantage of the 
new position : '' Ten days ago when McClellan beleaguered Eich- 
mond, with the exception of about five miles of the Chickahom- 
iny low ground he occupied the most barren and, at the same 
time, the worst watered and most unhealthy region of Eastern 
Virginia. Agues, hoop-poles, and whortleberries have been always 
the only sure crops of the country. Within a radius of ten miles 
about the Seven Pines, taking that point as a center, and but two 
living streams cross the Nine Mile or Williamsburg roads, between 
Richmond and Bottom's Bridge. On these two roads, with the 
Seven Pines as their headquarters, the very pick and flower of the 
Northern army was concentrated, and here for weeks their vigor 
and numbers melted away under the influence of the miasma, bad 
water, and a Southern sun ; but by his hasty trip through AVhite 
Oak Swamp, McClellan has emerged with thinned ranks into a 
more genial laud. A broad, fresh river flows before him, while 
his tired and hungry hordes will find boundless supplies in as 
fair and rich a valley as the sun shines on. The country on the 
lower James River is the very garden spot of Virginia. Nowhere 
does the soil better repay the toil and skill of the husbandman." 

Yet so ill informed was our War Department of the character 
of the country we were now in that General Halleck gravely 
stated to General McClellan, as one of the reasons for the with- 
drawal of the army from the Peninsula: "The months of July 
and August are almost fatal to whites who live on that jiortion of 
the James River." 

Our regiment was encamped on the left of the line, and our 
camp was near the river. Here we led a quiet life. There was but 
one alarmy that of the morning of August 1st, when the enemy 



70 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

ran some light guns to Coggin's Point, opposite Harrison's Land- 
ing, and proceeded to shell the Landing. For about thirty min- 
utes there was a lively exchange of shell between the battery and 
our gunboats. The result was that the enemy was glad to fall 
back. This led General McClellan to make a landing at Coggin's 
Point, and to fortify it as a protection to Harrison^s Landing, and 
as a point of departure to the south side of the James, if such a 
movement should be decided on ; in thought anticipating 1864. 

Many foraging and scouting parties took the field from Harri- 
son's Landing. The only raid I was personally engaged in was a 
fftraging one a party of us made to an island opposite City Point. 
We were well outside our line for awhile, but we did not sight a 
single Confederate soldier. The only sign of the Confederacy 
that we saw was a bars and stars flag floating from the garrison 
flagstaff at City Point. Getting the use of a couple of boats, we 
made a landing on the island. We found it defended by a vigor- 
ous-tongued lady only, who gave us her opinion of Yankees, 
present and absent, without stint. We each took it, as a character 
of my native town said he took a broomsticking his wife once gave 
him, 'Mike a little man," and consoled ourselves by carrying off 
stores of tobacco, flour, fowls — everything that we could, or imag- 
ined we could, use in any way — loading our boats to the gun- 
wales, and rowing away under the fire of the indomitable matron's 
tongue. 

Some of our raiding ])arty killed their chickens and ate them. 
Others tried to keep theirs as egg-bearers, tying them to the legs 
of their shelter-tent frames. The tents had been set on stilted 
frames to enable the occupants to sleep off the ground. The 
arrangement consisted of four crotched sticks holding two stout 
poles, across which a bed bottom formed of small poles was laid 
transversely and close together over the whole size of the base of 
the shelter tent. On this jjrimitive bedstead were piled boughs 
and the blankets of the two or three occupants of eacli tent. But 
to return to our hens. This and that one failed to carry out the 
hopes of her Yankee captor, who would decide that a nice pot-pie 
in the dish was better than eggs in expectation ; and after one or 
two of the tethered creatures had mysteriously disappeared 
while their owners were asleep, the neck-wringing craze became 
a general one. The tobacco lasted longer. The flour ? Oh ! 
those doughboy pancakes made of flour, salt and water, and 



HARRISON'S LANDING. 71 

fried in pork fat on tin plates, then eaten after being well 
smothered in commissary molasses. " Wow, docther, for the love 
of God," moaned Private Pat Doherty. " What's the matter, 
Pat ? " '* Oh ! docther," groaned the irrepressible Irishman, " it's 
flapjacks made of flour, ground of whate that grew on land that 
was manoored wid the lavings of a kicking mule." 

The diary record for the month of July shows that during it we 
were occupied in throwing up intrenchments, cutting trees in 
front of the works, and in generally strengthening our position, 
and that during this month General Naglee went North on leave, 
and Brigadier-General Emory took command of the brigade. 

Perhaps as good a way to revive the memory of the life we 
led here will be to select from Maxfield's diary for July. 

''July 3d. — On picket. The reserve pickets made sad havoc 
with the droves of pigs strolling around. Returned to the regi- 
ment in the afternoon. The regiment fell in and marched about 
one and a half miles and encamped near the James." 

''July 4th. — Just after noon we were drawn up in line and 
General McClellan passed us." 

"July 5th. — Near night we moved about half a mile and 
cam2)ed in the woods in line of battle, pitching our shelter tents 
in rear of the stacks." 

"July 6th. — With about forty others was detailed to fall 
trees to strengthen our position." 

" July 7th. — Detailed on fatigue. Went about half a mile from 
camp and cut trees." 

"July 8th. — Did not return to camp until two o'clock in the 
morning. The regiment was under arms when we reached it." 

"July 9th. — Was detailed to bury dead horses and mules killed 
in mud sloughs during the retreat. I managed to be set as guard 
over the stacked guns and so avoided the stink." 

"July 15th.— Inspected by Brigadier-General Emory." 

"July 18th. — The regiment was ordered into the rifle pits soon 
after reveille. No enemy in sight. We ascertained that we were 
to do this same thing every morning — probably for exercise. 
Dress parade at 6.30 p.m., as usual." 

"July 30th. — Inspection at 9 a.m. Division drill in the after- 
noon." 

"July 31st. — Detailed on picket. Went about three miles. 
Picketed a creek to watch for boats." 



72 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

" July 24th. — Detailed to help load teams at the Landing, some 
five miles below. Loaded seven teams with hard bread, pork, 
flour, sugar, beans, potatoes, and onions." 

" July 25th. — Eegiment detailed in the afternoon as support for 
the picket line." 

"July 28th. — Brigade review in the forenoon by Generals Peck 
and Emory. Paid off in the afternoon." 

"July 29th. — Company drill in the forenoon, battalion drill in 
afternoon. Dress parade." 

"July 30th. — Division review in the forenoon." 

"July 31st. — On picket. Eain. An attack was expected and 
the gunboats were drawn up in line of battle." 

Newcomb's diary for July 13th: ''The picket line was just 
across the creek, but before the close of the following day it was 
advanced two and a half miles." Corporal Lary notes for July 
20th : " Digging rifle pits," and for July 31st : " Changing rifle 
pits into breastworks." And Maxfield noted, for the first day of 
August : "We were turned out and were in line of battle at one 
o'clock in the morning. The rebels had planted a battery oppo- 
site the Landing and were shelling it. They were soon silenced 
by our gunboats. Regimental inspection at 6 p.m." 

"August 2d. — Division drill in the forenoon in a large field in 
front of the fortifications." 

Morton had now recovered sufficiently from the effect of his 
wound to return to the regiment. His diary runs handsomely 
with Maxfield's and Newcomb's, and as we have occasion we will 
cull from each. 

Morton: "August 3d. — Heard a beautiful sermon by Kev. 
George P. Van Wyck, chaplain of the Fifty-sixth New York." 

Maxfield: " Heavy firing northwest of us. We had orders to 
pack knapsacks and be ready to march at a moment's notice." 

At this time Major-General Halleck was General-in-Chief of the 
Armies of the United States, and Major-General Pope was in 
command of the armies before Washington. These were just 
consolidated into " The Army of Virginia." 

On the 30th of July General Halleck telegraphed General 
McClellan : "A despatch just received from Pope says that 
deserters report that the enemy is moving south of the James 
River, and that the force in Richmond is very small. I suggest 
he be pressed in that direction so as to ascertain the facts of the 



Harrison's landing. 73 

case" ; and telegraphed the 31st : "The enemy is reported to be 
evacuating Richmond and falling back to Danville and Lynch- 
burg." These telegrams brought about the reconnoissance in 
force of Hooker and Sedgwick. 

General Hooker and his division, and Pleasanton's cavalry, 
were ordered to march on the night of August 2d and gain posses- 
sion of Malvern Hill, but Hooker failed of success on account of 
''incompetency of guides," it is said. In the night of the 4th 
Hooker and Sedgwick moved out with their divisions, and in the 
early morning succeeded in turning Malvern Hill, forcing tiie 
occupying enemy out of its defenses. 

On the 4th of August General McClellan received an order from 
General Halleck to withdraw the Army of the Potomac to Acquia 
Creek. General McClellan seems to have hoped that tliis order 
Avould be rescinded, for he says in his report : ''On the 4th (of 
August) I had received General Halleck's order of the 3d, direct- 
ing me to withdraw the army to Acquia, and on the same day sent 
an earnest protest against it. A few hours before General Hooker 
had informed me that his cavalry pickets reported large bodies of 
the enemy advancing and driving them in, and that he would 
probably be attacked at daylight. Under the circumstances I had 
determined to support him ; but, as I could not get the whole army 
in position until the next afternoon, I concluded on the receipt 
of the telegram from the General-in-Chief to withdraw General 
Hooker." But McClellan did not give the order until the 6th, 
and not until after receiving this despatch from Halleck: "It is 
reported that Jackson is marching north with a very large force." 

The Adjutant-General of the Army of Northern Virginia states 
the situation from a Confederate point of view, and the determina- 
tion of Lee to change the locality of the struggle. 

" Its proximity [McClellan's army] to the Confederate capital, 
and its unassailable position, the facility with which it could be 
transferred across the James Eiver for operations on the south 
side, rendered the situation one of peculiar solicitude, and pre- 
sented to the Confederate commander the alternative of remaining 
a passive spectator of his adversary's movements, or of devising a 
campaign which would compel the withdrawal of the hostile army 
from its position of constant menace. 

"With a just conception of the inordinate fear which possessed 
the mind of the Federal civil authorities for the safety of their 



74 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

capital, he [Lee] concluded that to threaten that city, either by 
strategetical maneuvers or by a decisive blow struck at the army in 
its front, would be the surest way of effecting the removal of 
McClellan's army from its position on the James River. With 
this view he sent Jackson in advance with his two divisions, fol- 
lowed by A. P. Hill, to engage General Pope, intending, as soon 
as his anticipations of the effect of this movement were realized, 
to follow promptly with the bulk of his army. In vindication of 
his sagacity, information was soon received of the transfer of 
troops from McClellan's army on the James to Washington." 

August 4th, General McClellan telegraphed General Halleck : 
''This army is now in excellent discipline and condition. We 
hold a debouch on both banks of the James River, so that we are 
free to act in any direction. All jjoints of secondary importance 
elsewhere should be abandoned and every available man brought 
here. A decided victory here, and the military strength of the 
rebellion is crushed. It matters not what partial reverses we may 
meet with elsewhere, here is the true defense of Washington.'' 

General Halleck answered: ''I was advised by high officers, 
in whose judgment I had great confidence, to make the order (of 
removal) immediately on my arrival here. The old Army of the 
Potomac is split in two parts, with the entire force of the enemy 
between them ; they cannot be united by land without being 
exposed to destruction, and yet they must be united. To send 
Pope's force by water to the Peninsula is, under present condi- 
tions, a military impossibility. The only alternative is to remove 
the force on the Peninsula to some point by water, say Fredericks- 
burg, where the two armies can be united. If General Pope's 
army be directed to reenforce you, Washington, Maryland, and 
Pennsylvania would be exposed.^' 

This brief summing up of the historian of " The Army under 
Pope '' is probably a true story of the situation: '"'The Govern- 
ment had lost confidence in General McClellan, and the removal 
of the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula provided them 
with a convenient mode of disposing of their superfluous general. " 

All this is of little consequence to our story, I know, but it 
seems well to set down a brief statement of the arguments used to 
justify an abandonment of wduit time proved to be the true road 
to Richmond. 

A look at the situation seems to show that, had the order for 



Harrison's landing. 75 

witlidrawing from the Peninsula been issued a day later than it 
was, there would have been a second Battle of Malvern Hill ; as 
there was, a few weeks later, a second one of Manassas, when Pope 
and his Army of Virginia were snuffed out. And had a second 
Battle of Malvern Hill been fought, and had the Army of the 
Potomac been as victorious as it was in the battle of July 1st, it 
is more than probable that there would not have been a withdrawal 
from the Peninsula, and that the road of 1864-05 to Eichmond 
would have been followed in 1862. But the order had been issued, 
and McClellan began to prepare to evacuate the Peninsula, too 
good a soldier to disobey, and risk his fate in a final engagement, 
in which victory would have regained him the confidence of the 
people of the North, if not the cordial support of the Adminis- 
tration. 

The corps of the army, other than Heintzelman's, moved down 
the Peninsula by its river roads, crossing the Chickahominy at 
Barrett's Ferry, near the mouth of the Chickahominy. Heintzel- 
man's corps swung to the north, crossing the Chickahominy at 
Jones's Bridge, not far below Long Bridge ; this movement cover- 
ing the ilank of the march of the other corps, while the cavalry 
commands of Stoneman, Pleasanton, and Averill guarded their 
rear, and scouted along all the roads by which attacking forces 
must march. But Lee did not care to harry us. He was well 
satisfied with Halleck's disposition of our army ; so well satisfied 
that, assured by his scouting parties on the south bank of the James 
that the reported evacuation was actually taking place (it only 
needed a man in a tree with a field glass through which to scan 
the departing transports to tell that), he marched Longstreet's 
corps to the Kapidan on the 13th of August, three days before our 
regiment started from Harrison's Landing, with purpose to unite 
Longstreet's divisions with those of Jackson and A. P. Hill, both 
at Gordonsville, and try to defeat Pope before McClellan's divi- 
sions could reenforce the newly organized "Army of Virginia." 

The diaries of our friends show that the movement, both in 
preparation and execution, was a leisurely one, and that it was 
compassed without adventures. The following extracts from the 
diaries between August 6th, the day McClellan began to act on 
the order to evacuate, until the 20th, when we reached Yorktown, 
give what I think will be considered a most interesting view of 
the movement. 



76 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. ' 

August 6th — Morton: "^ On picket ; mosquitoes awful." New- 
comb : " Eeported here that Richmond is evacuated." Maxfield : 
" A report was circulated at night that the rebels had evacuated 
Richmond." 

August 7th — Morton : '"^ Saw a quite intelligent old negro. Says 
the Southerners' rations per week consist of one and a half pecks 
of corn meal and one and one-half pounds of meat." Newcomb : 
" Division drill ; very hot. Two men of other regiments died 
immediately after the regiments got into camp, and several others 
are very sick." He adds, a few days afterwards : " We have heard 
that no less than nine deaths were caused by that Saturday's drill." 
Maxfield : *' A lieutenant, sergeant, corporal, and twenty men are 
detailed from our regiment for picket every day." 

August 8th — Maxfield : '•' The whole regiment on picket re- 
serve." 

August 9th— Morton : " Hot. The flies are so thick that the 
boys shoot them with cartridges." Maxfield: ''Division drill in 
forenoon." 

August 10th— Morton : "Heard of the affair of Malvern HilL 
One brigadier-general drunk. In consequence, lost a chan9e to bag 
the whole rebel army." Maxfield: "Divine services at 3 p.m. 
At about six o'clock had orders to pack our knapsacks, and to put 
everything in them except blankets and tents. The knapsacks 
were placed on teams and taken away." 

August 11th — Morton: " Got orders last night to pack knap- 
sacks to go on transports." Maxfield : " Ascertained that our 
knapsacks were on board a transport at the Landing. Officers' 
tents struck in the forenoon." 

August 12th — Morton: "Baggage all gone, but we remain.'^ 
Maxfield : "About noon a body of cavalry was discovered on the 
opposite bank, and our gunboats opened fire on them, shelling 
the woods for two or three miles. Their fire was not re- 
turned. The canal boat our knapsacks were placed on sank, and 
the knapsacks are now on a schooner in a rather wet condi- 
tion." 

August 13th — Morton : "Great rage for bone jewelry. Dan 
here from the Landing. Says making preparations there for re- 
moval." 

August 15th — Morton : "Started out of camp this afternoon 
to go, and then returned." Maxfield: "Started and marched 



Harrison's landing. 77 

half ji mile, when we were ordered back to camp ground. Stacked 
arms and lay down on tent floor, with equipments and luggage 
witliin reach." 

August 16th — Morton : ''Started this morning at three o'clock. 
It is now noon, and have come seven or eight miles. Later — 
Sup})ose we have marched about twelve miles to-day." Maxfield : 
*' On the march. Halted quite often. Passed Charles City Court 
House before noon. Halted for the night in a cornfield. The 
roads are good, but somewhat dusty. The orders are not to leave 
the ranks for water even, but we took the liberty to forage, and 
are feasting on green corn and apples. I was so lucky as to get 
my haversack half full of tomatoes." Newcomb : *' The weather 
cool. Water is scarce." 

August 17th — Morton: "A long, painful march of about 
thirty-five miles." Maxfield: "We were turned out at 3 a.m. 
and started on our march just after daybreak. We marclied quite 
rapidly during the day, and lialted for the night at about six 
o'clock. The road was good, but exceedingly dusty. For much 
of the way we could not see over two rods ahead of us. We crossed 
the Chickahominy on a i)onton bridge early in the afternoon. 
The bridge was two thousand feet long, and was laid on ninety- 
eiglit ponton boats. Our division camped for the night about five 
miles from the Chickahominy. Six companies of our regiment, 
mine [C] included, were detailed for picket. We went about 
three miles and were posted on roads in the woods." Newcomb : 
*' Company C stationed for the night on a road leading from Long 
Bridge, which is four miles above our encampment." 

August 18th — Morton : '' The Colonel told us when we started 
not to fall out till dead. Came through Williamsburg. When we 
halted for the day, went in for green corn, apples, etc. Took one 
man's pig out of the pen ; took his corned beef and chickens, and 
set his cider mill to making cider of his apples." Maxfield : 
*' The pickets were called in just before daybreak, and when we 
arrived at where our division was encamped the nigiit before, we 
found it had left. We halted and ate breakfast, and then started 
and marched with the rear guard. We passed through Williams- 
burg between nine and ten o'clock in the forenoon, and. passing 
Fort Magruder, encamped with the regiment. We lay about 
three-quarters of a mile from where we camped the night of the 
4th of May. Marched sixteen miles this day." Newcomb : ''The 



78 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

people did not seem so much depressed as they did when we 
passed through in May." 

August 19th — Morton: "Wagon train fifteen miles long. 
Troops passing all day. It is near sunset and we have not left 
our camp ground yet." 

August 20th — Maxfield : '' Started at six in the morning and 
marched six miles. We then halted awhile near the spot where 
Cornwallis gave up his sword, October 19, 1781. We then 
marched three miles more, marching in the direction of Shipping 
Point, then halted for the night." Newcomb : " Breakfast at 
daylight. Mine consisted of strong coffee made in a tin cup, a 
slice of bacon frizzled on a sharp stick, two apples, an ear of 
roasted corn, and two cakes of hard bread." 



i 



CHAPTER IX. 

YORKTOWN. 

How we Became Severed from tlie Army of tlie Potomac. — Shoveling 
Virginia Soil — Disposition of Troops — Catching Crabs — Country 
Produce — Contrabands — A Guerrilla Scare — Our New Recruits — From 
the New York Evening Post — The Veterans and the Recruits — A 
Grievance — An Ungrateful Pickaninny — General Emory — The Raid 
into Matthews County — The Raid to Gloucester Court House. 

The corps of the army, except the Fourth, now went on board 
transports ; some divisions at Fortress Monroe, others at Newport 
News, and others at Yorktown. All sailed for Acquia Creek, 
Couch's division of our (Fourth) corps soon followed. 

It may not be uninteresting to know how our division came to 
be dissevered from the Army of the Potomac. General Halleck 
telegraphed General McClellan on the 31st of August : '' Leave 
such garrison in Fortress Monroe, Yorktown, etc., as you may 
deem proper. They will be replaced by new troops as rapidly as 
possible.*' General McClellan states in his report : " Immediately 
on reaching Fortress Monroe, I gave directions for strengthening 
the defenses of Yorktown to resist any attack from the direction of 
Richmond, and left General Keyes, with his corps, to perform the 
work and temporarily garrison the place." McClellan's idea of the 
military importance of the position at Yorktown — a position that 
we thought one of exile — is shown by his despatch of August 
27th to Halleck : "Two good ordnance sergeants are needed at 
Yorktown and Gloucester. The new defenses are arranged and 
commenced. I recommend that five thousand new troops be sent 
immediately to garrison Yorktown and Gloucester. They should 
be commanded by an experienced general officer, who can disci- 
pline and instruct them. About nine hundred should be artillery. 
I Tecommend that a new regiment, whose colonel is an artillery 
officer, or graduate, be designated as heavy artillery, and sent 
there." 

Couch's division does not seem to have been ordered from the 
Peninsula until the 27th of August, when McClellan telegraphed 



80 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Halleck from Alexandria : " I have sent for Conch's division to 
come at once/' Halleck then telegraphed McClellan that General 
Casey would furnish him with five thousand of his new troops to 
send to Yorktown to relieve our division, but General McClellan 
deemed it best, in view of the dangerous condition of the front 
before Washington, to order Casey to hold the men designed for 
Yorktown in readiness to move, but not to send them off until he 
received further orders. It appears then that the defeat of Pope, 
and the necessity of putting every man at hand instantly into the 
line of defense, prevented the relief of our division, and severed 
its connection with the Army of the Potomac. 

The diaries for the month of August and September are a con- 
tinued record of work done on the fortifications, in leveling works 
McClellan's and Magruder's engineers had built in the spring, and 
in strengthening the fortifications of Yorktown and Gloucester 
Point. They run along in this vein from day to day, and show 
the disgust of the diarists at the toilsome work they were now set 
to perform. Maxfield's is especially violent, his poetic vein crop- 
ping out again : 

" Here we labor, here we toil, 
Shoveling Virginia's soil." 

Horrible in rhythm, but kindly consider the provocation — fatigue 
duty for seven days in the week ; for we had been some time at 
Yorktown before Maxfield sets down for a Sunday : '* To-day we 
rest, like Christian people." 

The headquarters of the depleted corps was at Yorktown, 
although the immediate command of this post and that of 
Gloucester seems to have been vested in our brigade commanders ; 
in General Emory for a while, then in General Naglee — General 
Keyes assuming but a nominal control. The other brigades of 
our division were with General Peck, whose headquarters were at 
Suffolk. His troops were stationed at points down the Peninsula. 
Couch's division never rejoined us, but entered the Sixth Corps 
after a time. 

Our brigade was materially strengthened here. To the five 
regiments it was made up of until now were added the Eighty- 
first and Ninety-eighth New York, and the New York Independ- 
ent Battalion (French Zouaves — "Les Enfants Perdus"), known 
to us as ''The Lost Children." The One Hundred and Fourth 



YORKTOWN. 81 

Pennsylvania and the Oue Hundredth New York garrisoned 
Gloucester Point, with Colonel Dandy of the One Hundredth in 
command of the post until Colonel Davis of the One Hundred 
and Fourth recovered sufficiently from the wound received at 
Fair Oaks to return to duty. 

The ordinary rations were now well seasoned with supplies of 
oysters and crabs from the York River. And no one who knows 
what a York River oyster fresh from its bed is — large, fat, quiver- 
ing with what passes for life in an oyster — but will think that we 
were not unhappily situated, with acres of these luscious bivalves 
at our tent-openings almost. Nor were the crabs to be despised. 
It was a comical sight to see our men fishing for them — bare- 
footed, knee and more deep in water — each poking with a long 
stick till a snaptious crustacean took a rarely yielded grip, when 
the lucky fisherman would scamper for the shore with his prize. 
Sometimes, though, an unwary fisherman would step too near 
one of the lively creatures, and then the scampering to shore was 
a noisy one, the hold of the crab on the victim's toe making him 
shout in vociferous if not in triumphant tones. 

Then, in their season, green corn, apples, melons, and other 
fruit and vegetables were brought in by the country negroes, 
those who had not yet taken to contrabanding as a profession, 
which meant hanging to the skirts of the quartermaster's depart- 
ment for a precarious living. We had a large camp of tliese con- 
trabands to the north of Yorktown, a thieving, licentious lot of 
negroes. They made the night air ring, now with wonderfully 
sung pious melodies, then with fiendish screeching and caterwaul- 
ing, as the bucks would fight like wild beasts for the possession of 
some bit of disputed property — a bit of food perhaps, a rag of 
clothes maybe, but more often for the favors of some not over- 
scrupulous Dinah. 

A few extracts from the diaries will help us to catch the salient 
points of our sojourn in Yorktown. 

August 21st — Maxfield : " Marched in the afternoon to a place 
just above Yorktown, where we encamped." 

August 24th — Maxfield : ''Detailed on guard at Yorktown. 
Guarding contrabands to prevent their being insulted by white 
men, and from having riots among themselves. We were called 
on twice to quell riots.'' Morton : " Part of our knapsacks came. 
They were nearly ruined." 
6 



82 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT. 

August 28th — Morton : " Living on the fat of the land — 
peaches, melons, crabs, and oysters/' Newcomb : " The nights 
are very cold, and the men have not yet received blankets or 
overcoats for those lost at Harrison's Landing." 

August 30th — Morton : " Boys bought a lot of melons from a 
negro for sesesh money." 

September 1st — Maxfield : ''The Ninety-eighth New York 
stacked arms in the morning, and refused to take them again, as 
they had not been paid for six months. General Keyes made 
them a speech, after which he put all the officers of the regiment 
under arrest, and left the sergeants in command. Moved our 
camp in the afternoon to a spot west of Yorktown and near the 
fortifications." 

September 2d — Maxfield : " The old round Ellis tents the 
regiment received in Augusta came into camp from Fortress 
Monroe." 

September 9th — Maxfield : " About eleven o'clock in the fore- 
noon were ordered into the fort and took positions. • A guerrilla 
party made an attack on Williamsburg, driving in our cavalry, 
and are expected to attack Yorktown. Later, had orders to go 
back to camp, one company at a time, and get a day's rations and 
blankets. Found there one hundred and sixty recruits that had 
arrived, three second lieutenants, and any number expecting to 
be non-commissioned officers, basking in their long-tailed blues. 
We were ordered from the fort on fatigue after a while. Took 
shovels and axes. The axemen felled trees across the roads, and 
the shovelmen leveled forts." Morton: *' Saw General Dix. A 
hundred and seventy recruits came to the regiment. They are 
mostly non-commissioned officers." 

During the earlier months spent here the health of the regi- 
ment seems to have been fairly good, but during the later months 
there was much sickness and many deaths. The rainy season had 
set in, and the malarial qualities of the swamps near Yorktown 
began to aifect the men. Our diarists are all frequently sick, 
Maxfield acknowledging " severe chills," Morton ill and senten- 
tious. Lary jots down these suggestive words, " Quinine and 
Iron." Lieutenant Newcomb's diary tells us that nearly all the 
officers of the regiment were sick, leaving but himself. Nickels, 
Brann, Williams, Butler, and Mudgett to attend to guard and 
camp duties. Indeed, had it not been for the recruits that 



YORKTOW?r. 83 

reached us here, and a new company, '' New B," Captain Bald- 
win's company (the remaining members of original B were 
transferred to Company G), the lugubrious and greatly exagger- 
ated paragraph that appeared in the New York Evening Post 
concerning the regiment would have seemed quite justified to 
observers of our steadily shrinking line of battle. We copy it, 
only remarking that, like assaulted and battered Patrick, after 
listening to his lawyer's speech, we had not realized until now how 
badly ofE we were. " Shure," cried Patrick, as his lawyer closed 
his depiction of his client's wrongs, 'Mt's murther I want the 
shcoundrel tried for. Assault and battery don't do me joostice." 

" The Story of One Regiment. 

" When the i\Iaine Eleventh passed through Broadway, last 
November, the ' Hallelujah Chorus ' chanted by eight hundred 
and fifty sturdy fellows, few persons who saw them could have 
anticipated that those tall lumbermen would, within a twelve- 
month, be almost decimated. Arriving in Washington, they built 
those famous barracks which were visited by so many strangers ; 
but in spite of the fine shelter the typhoid was soon busy in their 
ranks, and when they went down with Casey's division they were 
only seven hundred and fifty strong ; one-eighth died of disease. 
While on the Peninsula they lived on hard biscuit and water for 
five weeks, owing to the ineflSciency or rascality of someone, so 
that when they took up the double quick for Williamsburg the 
men fell on the road, and died from sheer exhaustion. At the 
Battle of Fair Oaks they numbered, fit for duty, only one hundred 
and eighty men. One half of this number were in action, and 
were nearly all killed and wounded.'' 

But the recruits and the new company — both the results of 
Colonel Plaisted's absence in Maine — put us in formidable condi- 
tion again. And the men we received were good and true men, 
too — none better ; brave soldiers and true comrades. For one, 
Captain Baldwin, afterwards Major, and then Lieutenant-Colonel, 
proved himself to be as brave and efficient a soldier as he was an 
accomplished gentleman. And it is a matter of pride to us all 
that his gallant services were recognized by the War Department 
with a brevet as Brigadier-General. 

It was comical to see the airs the ''veterans" put on over the 



84 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

recruits. And many was the strange and wonderful tale told 
the newcomers of our campaign on the Peninsula. In view of 
our few months' active service, we did rather take to stilts. Even 
Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, in writing an ofKcial letter to Gov- 
ernor Washburn from Harrison's Landing, solemnly pens this : 
*^The recruits that joined us at Yorktown [a small body of 
recruits that joined us in April] fought nobly at Fair Oaks. In 
company with trained men they soon became very efficient." And 
these " trained men " had but the advantage gained at Carver 
Barracks over these April-joining recruits. Is it wonderful, then, 
that our "veterans" crowed somewhat, with a whole campaign of 
advantage ? It was the same complaisant spirit that General 
Walker, the historian of the Second Corps, tells of as prevalent 
in that corps towards its recruits and new regiments. '* It is not a 
little amusing," he writes, "to recall the feelings of superiority 
with which the troops who had been in the Battle of Fair Oaks 
greeted those who had not, how inexpressibly raw the latter 
seemed to the former, how great the distance between them." So 
our new men seemed raw and on a lower military plain to our 
veterans. But these recruits, like those of the Second Corps, if 
later in date, none the less thoroughly " took up their part in the 
great events" the regiment was plunged into, "and quickly be- 
came equals to the end." 

It seems proper to call attention to a grievance of many of these 
recruits. Artemus Ward offered to raise a regiment of brigadier- 
generals within twenty-four hours. It is to be feared that some 
of our recruiting officers took a leaf from his book, for certainly 
a considerable proportion of the new recruits not only anticipated 
holding higher rank than that of privates, but were dressed for 
the part they expected to play. Promises had been made to ambi- 
tious young men that could not be carried out. The resignations 
that seem to have been expected from among the company officers 
to provide vacancies to be filled by some of the new men were not 
forthcoming, and the company officers were strongly opposed to 
allowing non-commissioned vacancies to be filled by any but 
"veterans." Eightly, too. It must be said that the claims of 
the unfortunates were not forgotten, and that no opportunity 
was lost to raise them in rank. But the delay in arriving at the 
positioiis they really volunteered to fill led to a bitterness towards 
those they held chiefly responsible for their iliortification that not 



YORKTOWN. 85 

even the success of most of them in reaching even higher rank 
than that originally expected could quite dissipate. 

To change the subject. When the Confederate cavalry dashed 
through Williamsburg on September 9th, driving the squadrons 
of the Fifth Pennsylvania stationed in that city from it, rather by 
the suddenness and audacity of their attack than by their num- 
bers, a fatigue party from Yorktown was in Williamsburg repairing 
the telegraph lines. One member of the party, an Eleventh 
Maine man, scaled a fence to escape the rebel cavalry, and in his 
despair dashed into a pigpen, not caring that his flight was ob- 
served by a pickaninny ; for was he not one of the race the fugitive 
soldier was there to save from slavery, and would not the sight 
of his blue uniform strike a responsive chord in the young Afri- 
can's heart ? He didn't think it otherwise than right, either, that 
the youngster should scamper after him, or that he should osten- 
tatiously bestride the fence before the pen. Of course, his artless 
presence would make it seem impossible that a Yankee was hiding 
behind him. How thoughtful, how quick-witted, how, how — but 
this tender feeling was changed into one of gall and wormwood 
in an instant, as the young imp shouted to a squad of passing 
gray coats : "Hi, hi, massa, there's a Yank in h'yar with Unk 
Efum's shote!" The following named of the Eleventh Maine 
were taken prisoners on this occasion : Privates Robert H. Scott, 
Dummer Sylvester, Charles Watson, Samuel V. Wentworth, and 
Warren L. Whittier, all of Company K. 

Chaplain Wells joined the regiment in September. Morton's 
diary tells us that this excellent man made a very favorable 
impression. Colonel Plaisted resumed command of the regiment 
the 21st of September. General Naglee arrived at Yorktown and 
resumed command of the brigade the 28th of September. The 
General left us at Harrison's Landing, going north on sick leave. 
Brigadier-General Emory, afterwards com.mander of the Nine- 
teenth Corps, succeeded Naglee as brigade commander. 

General Emory was a regular army officer, and was of a stern 
disposition apparently. At first he was very much disgruntled at 
being left behind the main army, chafing to be in the forefront of 
the melee, and while in this impatient mood he was a rather 
heavy-handed commander. The works around Yorktown and 
Gloucester Point had to be strengthened and turned. The Gen- 
eral pressed this work on with vigor, and gathered guns and stores 



86 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

of ammunition, with an abundance of quartermaster and commis- 
sary stores ; for the Peninsula route by way of the James River was 
not yet an abandoned idea. His orderlies were kept flying here 
and there, regimental commanders were brought to book for any 
failure to furnish details of men for fatigue work, the post quarter- 
master was kept on tenter hooks, and the ordnance oflBcer was in 
continual request. One day I answered the General's call of 
" Orderly," and was told to find some one or other ordnance offi- 
cer, quick. I searched high and low, but could not find him. I 
had more than a dim suspicion that he was trying the speed of a 
horse in company with Captain Kreutzer, of the Ninety-eighth 
New York, but, of course, could not mention my notion to Gen- 
eral Emory, so I reported to him that I could not find the ordnance 
officer. ''Can't find him? Can't find him?" The General 
swelled with indignation as he repeated the words. He then 
roared : ■" Orderly, when I send you for a man you must find him, 
and you must not come back until you do find him." I went to 
my tent and lay dow^n to think it over, and, while doing so, fell fast 
asleep. When I awoke, I found a brother orderly in a perspira- 
tion of fatigue from having had to run all over Yorktown and its 
vicinity to finish my errand. The General had forgotten that I 
was supposed to be in search of the ordnance officer, and had 
called another orderly, and had sent him in search of the missing 
man. The General never mentioned my dereliction — nor did I ; 
only thereafter, if I could not find a man he sent me for, I didn't 
trouble him with a report of my inability ; just took a nap on it, 
trusting that he would have some other orderly finish my work 
while I slept. 

A squad of convalescents reported at brigade headquarters from 
the hospital at Fortress Monroe. While waiting for the clerks of 
the assistant adjutant-general's office to look over their papers, 
the convalescents seated themselves on the steps of the office 
building. A broad piazza ran along the whole length of the 
building. The General occupied one end of the building and the 
assistant adjutant-general's office the other. Walking back and 
forth along his half of the piazza, muttering to himself as was 
his habit, General Emory spied the men apparently lounging in 
the shade of the sacred end of the piazza, and roared, " What in 

[sheol hadn't been invented then] are you men lounging on 

this piazza for ?" A pale young sergeant arose, and, while his 



YORKTOWK 87 

scared companions were seizing their knapsacks and bundles for a 
hasty exodus, touched his cap and said, '' We are convalescents 
from Fortress Monroe, General.'' ''Oh-h-h ! Bo3's, sit down ; 

sit down, all of you, and sit there as long as you double d 

please," answered " the old man.'' 

We of his military household found out that he was a rough- 
mannered but kind-hearted old warrior, and we really did about as 
we pleased, letting him roar liimself through his rages at our mani- 
fold shortcomings into good humor again. When he left us, he 
did so wrathfull}', vowing that he would never take temporary 
charge of a man's brigade again, having really contracted an affec- 
tion for the regiments he had commanded for a few months. He 
bade us orderly boys a kind '' good-by," and treated us to a lot 
of handsome apples. We had not grown to an appreciation of 
fermented juice, you see. 

The apples he treated us to were probably some of those Colonel 
Van Wyck, " Old Charley," of the Fifty-sixth New York, gave 
him, from the schooner-load of apples and other fruit, and of 
various kinds of vegetables, that he had procured from New York 
for liis regiment. Colonel Van Wyck, M.C., could only spare time 
from his congressional duties to soldier with us when Congress 
was taking a recess, but he did enjoy camp life hugely. And he 
had all its experiences. " Oh, I say, orderly," said he, beaming 
on me through his gold-bowed spectacles, one time when I took 
him a headquarters order, "oh, I say, orderly, what do you do 
when you — you're, er, er — lousy ? " Graybacks were not respecters 
of rank ; private or general, it was all the same to them. 

The diaries for October, and for nearly all of November, are 
but records of guard duty, sickness, drills, chills, rain, deaths, 
target-practice, policing, and fatigue duties on roads, and in cut- 
ting wood for the cook-fires. 

On the 2d of October the regiment moved to still another new 
camp ground. It was now located on the bank of the river, about 
a mile below the fortifications. 

On the 22d of November a raid was made into Mobjack Bay. 
Captain Maxfield gives us this graphic account of this expedition: 

" Maffkews Count y. 

*' Nine companies of the regiment left camp between 8 and 9 
P.M., and, embarking on the gunboats Mahaska and Putnam, and 



88 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

the tug-boat May Queen, proceeded down the York Kiver and up 
the Chesapeake Bay. The boats entered Mobjack Bay about 8.30 
A.M. on the 23d, and proceeded up the East River. The troops 
landed at 11.30 a.m., at a point in Matthews County, Va., near 
Matthews Court House. The force was divided and sent to differ- 
ent phmtations, where they destroyed large quantities of salt and 
salt-works, or salt-kettles. The male portion of the community 
were taken, and held as prisoners while we remained. The writer 
was in a detachment commanded by Captain Libby, of Company 
A, and went to the plantation of Sands Smith. We shall never 
forget the warlike picture of little Pete Neddo, of Company A, 
breaking the big kettles with a sledge hammer. Nor shall we 
forget the poor old negro woman, whose son had run away a few 
months previous, and now accompanied us as one of the guides of 
the expedition. At sight of the boy she threw herself on her 
knees and, with hands upraised, exclaimed, 'Is this Jesus Christ ? 
Is it God Almighty ? ' Nor could we refrain from expressing the 
wish that this 'cruel. war' were over, when we made prisoners of 
the old gentleman and the young men who had come to his house 
to spend the pleasant Sunday afternoon in the society of his lovely 
daughters. We returned to the gunboats soon after dark. 

"At 9 A.M. of the 24th, as we were about getting under way 
to return to Yorktown, a farmer came in with a flag of truce. 
He said a supply train was passing at a short distance and could 
be easily captured. The force on the Putnam, consisting of com- 
panies A, C, and D, was landed, and under command of Captain 
S. H. Merrill, of Company I, was ordered to reconnoiter for one 
hour. These companies advanced about three miles, which 
brought them in sight of Matthews Court House, where there 
appeared to be a small Confederate force. We fell back, and were 
immediately followed by a body of rebel cavalry. Lieutenant 
F. M. Johnson and Corporal J. F. Keene, both of Company D, 
who allowed themselves to be separated from the command, were 
taken prisoners. We reached the boats without further loss and 
immediately returned to Yorktown, arriving about sundown. No 
field officer of the Eleventh accompanied this expedition, it being 
under the command of Major Cunningham of the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania Volunteers." 

There was a general review by General Keyes on the 29th of 
November, and on the 30th there was a brigade drill at Gloucester 



YORKTOWN. 89 

Point, and December 1st a grand review by Major-Generals Dix 
and Keyes. 

On the lOtli of December orders were given to prepare three 
days' rations, and to be ready to march the next day. This was 
in preparation for the raid to Gloucester Court House, Captain 
Maxfield tells the story of the expedition : 

** Gloucestei' Court House. 

" The regiment left camp before sunrise ; on December 11th 
crossed the York River to Gloucester Point, and in company with 
the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, the Fifty-sixth and the One 
Hundredth New York, and Battery H, First New York Artillery, 
took up the line of march for Gloucester Court House, where we 
arrived at 4 p.m. AVe remained in the vicinity of the Court 
House, sending out foraging parties in different directions. These 
parties captured herds of cattle, sheep, mules, and some fine 
horses. The cavalry, which led the advance from Gloucester 
Point, advanced to within a few miles of the Rappahannock. 
The expedition was commanded by Brigadier-General Henry M, 
Naglee, and was intended to serve as a diversion in the rear of 
the rebel army at the time of the Battle of Fredericksburg. We 
commenced our retreat just after sunset on the 14th, and arrived 
in camp at 3.30 a.m. on the 15th without the loss of a man, 
bringing in the captured herds and the prisoners taken by the 
cavalry. 

" One of the incidents of this expedition occurred when a mem- 
ber of the Eleventh attempted to pay for certain articles of food at 
a house near Gloucester Court House. The occupant absolutely 
refused to accept the soldier's greenbacks. One of his comrades, 
perceiying the dilemma, produced a bill on the 'Bank of Lyon's 
Kathairon,' a patent medicine advertisement, which the lady 
readily received, supposing it to be genuine Confederate money." 



CHAPTER X. 

PEEPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 

The Fourth Corps — General Keyes — Changes in the Organization of the 

Regiment. 

Late in December it began to be rumored in our camps that 
we were to take part in a military expedition of large proportions. 
The point of attack was unknown to us, of course ; but we knew 
that it must be in some more southern latitude, for the climate of 
Virginia would not allow of a winter campaign — ^to Wilmington, 
to Charleston, to the Gulf perhaps, but certainly farther south 
than Yorktown. And glad enough we were to believe it true 
that we were to move ; for, although our life at Washington 
was a " monotonous and irksome one," as Newcomb phrased it, 
yet it was a hustling one compared to that at Yorktown. In 
Washington there were distractions ; the city, with its great 
and interesting public buildings, and a continual movement of 
large bodies of troops, to occupy attention. But at Yorktown, a 
city in name only, encircled by a great earthwork, parapets, and 
bastions, within which circle were the headquarters, the artillery 
trains, the stores of subsistence, clothing, and ordnance, and a few 
war-worn buildings. Its architectural attractions consisted only of 
a dilapidated church, that was surrounded by a churchyard dating 
back from pre-Eevolutionary times ; a "city " that was merely a 
high point in marshy surroundings that made the solemn sound 
of the dead-march an altogether too familiar one. Life here was 
detestable, and not one of us but hailed the prospect of a change ; 
for, send us where they would, we could not be worse off. 

In leaving Virginia we severed our connection with what was 
left of the Fourth Corps, and with General Keyes. Of the 
original divisions of the corps, ours was the only one remaining a 
part of it, both the divisions of Smith and Couch now making up 
the greater part of the Sixth Corps. And as we took with us a 
large part of Casey's old division, the Fourth Corps, as left under 
General Keyes's command, was composed of new regiments mainly. 



PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 91 

only a few of the old ones remaining with it. Its future military 
history is a brief one. General Peck, at Suffolk, held that city 
against Longstreet's attempt to take it in April, 18G3. General 
Keyes remained at Yorktown, from where, at the time of Lee's 
invasion of the North in June, 1863, he commanded part of an 
expedition that landed at White House, and sought to break Lee's 
lines of communication, if not to take the city of Richmond. In 
this movement General Getty moved on Hanover Station with 
seven thousand men to seize the railroad, and General Keyes moved 
with five thousand men to seize Bottom's Bridge, and thus clear a 
road for General Getty to advance on the city. Getty's column 
succeeded in destroying a portion of the railroad, and General 
Keyes moved his force as far as Baltimore Cross Roads, where he 
had two small engagements with the enemy, one on June 2Gth 
and the other on the 3d of July. Nothing came of this threaten- 
ing movement, however. General Halleck slighting General 
Hooker's urging that General Dix be ordered to assume command 
of all the available troops in his department and move directly on 
Richmond, and seize it before Lee could countermarch to its 
relief. 

Shortly after this the Fourth Corps was discontinued, and the 
regiments composing it were transferred to other corps. The 
corps afterwards known as the Fourth was the consolidated 
Twentieth and Twenty-first, and served in the Army of the Cum- 
berland. But the real successor of the old Fourth Corps was the 
ever-gallant Sixth, into which went the divisions of Smith and 
Couch. Couch rose to the command of the Second Corps, suc- 
ceeding Sumner and preceding Hancock. Smith we will meet 
again in the campaign of 1864. 

We Peninsula campaigners remember General Keyes as a pleas- 
ant-faced gentleman, with a peculiarity of sitting his horse a little 
sidewise. At Yorktown I was often sent from brigade head- 
quarters to corps headquarters, with messages, often verbal ; and 
when I had to see General Keyes personally, I was always received 
with as much courtesy as though I were not a mere private soldier. 
Such politeness was not always accorded private soldiers by officers 
of much less rank than that of major-general. 

I am pained to see that General Keyes is so slightingly men- 
tioned by General Walker in his admirable history of the Second 
Corps. General Keyes did not press his left-wing movement 



92 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

before Yorktown as strongly perhaps as he should have done, but 
I do not find that the other corps commanders excelled him in 
celerity, he sharing in the general hesitation apparently. Besides, 
a look at the map will show that his movement, to have succeeded, 
must have been carried across the Warwick, naturally well de- 
fended by swamps, and artificially by formidable works, and that 
to reach the Half Way House, in rear of Yorktown, he must have 
first beaten off the major part of the rebel army. As it is con- 
fessed that the movement was ordered without a knowledge of the 
strong line of defense, and as the Warwick persisted in flowing in 
a different direction from that laid down for it on the headquarters 
maps, General Keyes but exercised common sense when, on dis- 
covering the nature of the natural and artificial defenses before 
him, he relinquished his effort to advance. 

At Fair Oaks, General Keyes was all alive to the dangers of the 
situation, something that some of his coadjutors were not ap- 
parently, unless he alone is to be blamed for not foreseeing the 
storm that flooded the Chickahominy and made it impassable by 
reenforcements. He certainly guarded against a surprise by 
making an early disposition of troops and batteries ; and more 
than he did in the battle, both by intelligent direction and per- 
sonal example, could hardly be asked of any subordinated corps 
commander. Heintzelman was really in command of all the 
troops on that side of the Chickahominy, and the failure to send 
Kearney into action at an earlier hour must rest on him. 

And after Fair Oaks, when placed with his divisions to guard 
the line of the lower Chickahominy and the fords across White 
Oak Swamp, the active and intelligent reconnoissances Keyes made 
through all the country to the left — clear to the James — gave 
General McClellan a topographical knowledge that was invaluable 
to him in his retreat to the James. McClellan intrusted Keyes, 
too, with the important duty of moving his corps across the White 
Oak Swamp and securing strong positions to cover the passage of 
the other troops and the trains, and this work must have been 
done quite to McClellan's satisfaction ; for it completed, he ordered 
Keyes to move his corps to the James, followed by Porter's corps, 
to occupy Malvern Hill. Then after that battle, in which one 
division of his corps. Couch's, took a most prominent part, General 
Keyes was instructed to cover the retreat to Harrison's Landing. 
Altogether, as General McClellan states in his report : *' Great 



PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 93 

credit must be accorded to General Keyes for the skill and energy 
which characterized his performance of the important and delicate 
duties intrusted to him." And that he retained tlie confidence of 
General McClellan to the last is shown by the fact that he was 
left at Yorktown to set that fortress in condition to withstand the 
attempts the Confederates were expected to make for its reposses- 
sion. In McClellan's despatch to Halleck from Fortress Monroe, 
dated August 22d, he says : " General Keyes is still at Yorktown, 
putting it in a proper state of defense." The record certainly 
shows that General Keyes performed all services required of him 
in the campaign with energy and intelligence. 

A painstaking, methodical officer, scrupulously carrying out all 
orders of his superiors, without a trace of insubordination, it is 
unjust to couple him with Heintzelman, who was strikingly self- 
willed. Had Keyes, and not Heintzelman, been left to act in 
conjunction with Sumner and Franklin at Savage Station, Gen- 
eral Walker would not have had to fasten on Keyes the stigma 
that he finds it a historical duty to put upon Heintzelman — that 
of marching away and leaving Sumner and Franklin to a fate that 
they only escaped by the good luck that detained Jackson. 

A year had now gone by since the regiment was organized, and 
many changes had naturally taken place in its organization. 
Deaths, resignations, and discharges had taken from it many 
more than had been added by our recruiting officers. A compar- 
ison of the following statement of the formation of the regiment 
as it now stood, with that of its original organization, will show 
the extent of the changes among the commissioned and non-com- 
missioned officers : 

Field and Staff. 

Harris M. Plaisted, Colonel. 

Robert F. Campbell, Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Winslow P. Spofford, Major. 

Henry 0. Fox, Adjutant. 

John Ham, Quartermaster. 

Nathan F. Blunt, Surgeon. 

John F. Bates, Assistant Surgeon. 

Eichard L. Cook, Assistant Surgeon. 

James Wells, Chaplain. 

Henry C. Adams, Sergeant-Major. 



94 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

William H. H. Andrews, Quartermaster Sergeant. 

Samuel W. Lane, Commissary Sergeant. 

Nelson H. Norris, Hospital Steward. 

John Williams, Drum Major. 

Joseph Webb, Fife Major. 

Company A. 

Eandall Libby, 2d, Captain. 
Lewis H. Holt, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Charles E. Poor, First Sergeant ; 
William C Lee, James T. Smith, 

James R. Stone, Elias P. Morton. 

Corporals. 
James Andrews, George A. Bakeman, 

James B. Goldthwaite. 

Company B. 

Charles P. Baldwin, Captain. 

Corydon A. Alvord, Jr., First Lieutenant. 

Fred T. Mason, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Lewis W. Campbell, First Sergeant ; 
EUery D. Perkins, Charles A. Rolfe, 

John W. Hayward, Samuel Cushing. 

Corporals. 
Philip H. Andrews, Jefferson H. Pike, 

Charles A. Falkner, Rufus M. Davis, 

Nathan Averill, John F. Ramsdell, 

George M. Rollins. 
Alba W. Shorey, Wagoner. 

Company C. 

Edgar A. Nickels, First Lieutenant. 
Lemuel E. Newcomb, Second Lieutenant. 



PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 95 

Sergeants. 
Charles W. Bridgham, First Sergeant ; 
Edwin'J. Miller, James Gross, 

George Weston, Thomas S. Albee. 

Corporals. 
Horace F. Albee, William Libby, 

Allen M. Cole, Asa W. Googing. 

Company D. 

John D. Stanwood, Captain. 
Leonard Butler, First Lieutenant. 
Francis M. Johnson, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Abner F. Bassett, First Sergeant ; 
Judson L. Young, Gardiner E. Blake, 

Ephraim Francis. 

Corporals. 
John Gihn, Josiah F. Keene, 

James E. Bailey, John Dyer, 

Horace Whittier, Shepard Whittier, 

Stephen E. Bearce. 
William H. Hardison, Wagoner. 

Company E. 

Francis W. Wiswell, Captain. 
George Williams, First Lieutenant. 
Stephen B. Foster, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Daniel S. Cole, John N. Weymouth, 

Charles F. Wheeler, Peter Bunker. 

Corporals. 
Adoniram J. Fisher, George W. Chick, 

Elias H. Frost, Samuel Libby, 

Simon Batchelder, Solomon S. Cole. 

John B. Reed, Wagoner. 



96 the story of one regiment. 

Company F. 

Augustus P. Davis, Captain. 
Samuel G. Sewall, First Lieutenant. 
Thomas A. Brann, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Alfred G. Brann, First Sergeant ; 
Charles H. Scott, Archibald Clark, 

Grafton Norris, Daniel S. Smith. 

Corporals. 
Rufus X. Burgess, John C. Meader, 

James W. Little, George S. Buker. 

Ira M. Eollins, Musician. 

Wendall F. Joy, Wagoner. 

Company G. 

Francis W. Sabine, Captain. 

Albert G. Mudgett, First Lieutenant. 

Robert Brady, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
William Wiley, First Sergeant ; 
Thomas Clark, George Bayne, 

Daniel Burgess, Stephen H. Emerson. 

Co7'porals. 
Henry B. Rogers, Albert Flye, 

Thomas T. Tabor, Charles A. Lincoln, 

Horace B. Mills, Thaddeus S. Wing, 

Amos W. Briggs, Isaac H. Small. 

Ambrose P. Phillips, AVagoner. 

Company H. 

Luther Lawrence, Captain. 

Benjamin F. Dunbar, Second Lieutenant, 

Sergeants. 
James M. Thompson, First Sergeant ; 
Nathan J. Gould, Seth A. Ramsdell, 

Joseph Harris, Albert L. Rankin. 



PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 97 

Corporals. 
James Ellis, Daniel M. Dill, 

William H. Girrell, George E. Morrell, 

Augustus T. Thompson, Charles Bodge, 

John S. Fogg, John Lary, Jr. 

John E. McKenney, Musician. 

John E. Gould, Wagoner. 

Company I. 

Simeon H. Merrill, Captain. 
William Brannen, First Lieutenant. 
George B. Weymouth, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Charles 0. Lamson, First Sergeant ; 
Charles W. Trott, Joseph S. Butler, 

George Leader, Arthur V. Vandine. 

Corporals. 
David B. Snow, Elbridge G. Decker, 

Weston Brannen, William H. Decker, 

George Gove, Marshal B. Stone, 

Lewis M. Libby, Asa S. Gould. 

Company K. 

Jonathan A. Hill, Captain. 

Melville M. Folsom, First Lieutenant. 

Charles H. Foster, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
George W. Small, First Sergeant ; 
Henry H. Davis, John Howard, 

Andrew B. Erskine, Charles Knowles. 

Corporals. 
Charles B. Abbott, Eobert H. Scott, 

Cyrus E. Bussey, John F. Buzzell, 

John J. Hill, Josiah Furbish, 

Amos K. Pushaw, Jotham S. Garnett. 

Abner Brooks, Musician. 

Joseph G. Kicker, Wagoner. ' 



CHAPTER XI. 

DEPAKTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 

"We Sail from Yorktowu — A Storm off Hatteras — Loss of the Monitar — 
Carolina City — Incidents from the Diaries — Naglee Commands the 
Division — His Farewell Order to the Brigade — Confederates' Antici- 
pations. 

The preparations for our leaving Yorktown were soon completed, 
and, the regiments arriving to relieve those ordered on the expedi- 
tion, the embarkation began. In the afternoon of December 27th, 
Companies B, C, D, E, and G, of the Eleventh, went on board the 
steamer Thomas A. Morgmi, and sailed for Fortress Monroe, 
where they were expected to board the ocean transport, Cahawha. 
But, owing to some misunderstanding, the Caliaivha was on her 
way to Yorktown. The TJiomas A. Morgan returned to York- 
town on the 28th, and her passengers boarded the Cahawia. In 
the afternoon of the 26th of December, Companies A, P, H, I, 
and K, under command of Colonel Plaisted, boarded the steamer 
Ciiy of New York, as did the Ninety-eighth New York Eegiment, 
and the next morning sailed for Fortress Monroe to board the 
Cahawha. Not finding that vessel, the City of New York lay oif 
the Fortress during the 27th and the 28th. In the night of the 
28th she started on her return. During the afternoon of the 28th 
General Naglee and staff, and the brigade band, went on board the 
Cahaivba. Immediately after their arrival, the big transport 
hoisted anchor and steamed slowly down the river. Everyone on 
board was on deck, the band was playing its most stirring tunes, 
the parapets at Yorktown and Gloucester were crowded with sol- 
diers, the shipping in the river — gunboats and transports — were 
black with men, and flags and streamers flew from every available 
point, afloat and ashore. When passing the gunboat Mahaska, its 
sailors ran up the rigging and gave us three cheers, which Avere 
answered with a will. Altogether, it was a propitious beginning 
to a new career. 

After running down the river for two miles, the Cahawha 



DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 99 

dropped anchor. At about four o'clock in the evening Colonel 
Plaisted and the companies that had accompanied him to For- 
tress Monroe, and the Ninety-eighth New York, boarded the 
Cahaivha. About eleven o'clock in the forenoon of the 29th of 
December, after making a hawser fast to the ship Monticello, a 
big sailing vessel that was loaded with troops and stores, we \n\t 
to sea with other vessels. It was soon known through the 
Cahaivha that the sealed orders we had sailed under had been 
opened, and that our destination was Beaufort, N. C. There 
we were to report to Major-General John G. Foster, Commander 
of the Department of North Carolina. 

Of this trip, our first ocean one, let us see what the diarists 
have to say. I fancy Corporal Lary hints at an uncomfortable 
experience, with his brief records: *' On the ocean," ''On the 
ocean." Maxfield and Morton thought it quite enough to note, of 
the 30th, that a head wind blew hard all day, and that the night 
of that date was a rough one. During this night the Monticello 
broke loose twice, and was then left to her own resources, the 
captain of the Cahmvha declining to take the risk of again 
attaching a hawser to her. 

Towards night of the 30th we passed two ironclads, one the 
famous Monitor, and the other the Passaic, a sister boat, each 
towed by a steamer — passed so close to the Monitor that we could 
see the big waves dashing across her low deck, over which bare- 
legged sailors were scampering in attending to their duties. In 
the night we could see the light of rockets in the direction in which 
we last saw the Monitor, and grave fears were expressed for her 
fate. She sank that night. 

Professor Soley, U. S. Navy, in his admirable book, " The 
Blockade and the Cruisers," gives a stirring account of the loss of 
this ironclad. We cull from it, as it serves a double purpose — 
gives the story of the fate of the most famous war-vessel of our 
fleet, and describes with the pen of an expert the course of the 
storm that we poor landsmen had the ill-fortune to encounter 
off Hatteras : 

" On the afternoon of the 29th of December, she [the Monitor^ 
set out for Beaufort in tow of the Rhode Island. ... A 
clear, pleasant day, when a light wind was blowing from the south- 
west, and everything promised fair weather. . . . The Mon- 
itor was accompanied by the Passaic, which was in tow of the 



100 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

State of Georgia. All went well until the morning of the secoud 
day, when the ships began to feel a swell . from the southward. 
Gradually the wind freshened, and the sea broke over the pilot- 
house of the Monitor. ... As evening came on and Hat- 
teras was passed, matters began to grow worse. The wind 
increased and hauled to the southeast, causing a heavy sea. 
, . . The sea rose fast, submerging the pilot-house and forc- 
ing its way into the turret and blowing pipes. At two o'clock 
it became evident that no efforts would avail to save the ship, 
and Bankhead made the signal of distress, cut the hawser, and 
ranged up under the lee of the Rhode Island. Boats were 
lowered, and the dangerous work begun of rescuing the crew of 
the sinking ironclad, over whose deck the seas were now break- 
ing in quick succession. . . . The Rhode Island's cutter took 
off a boat load of men successfully, but the launch was stove by 
the working of the Monitor, and Trenchard, finding that his own 
vessel [the Rhode Island^ was imperiled by the sharp bow and 
sides of his companion, was obliged to move away. 

" It was now near midnight, the ship was sinking fast, the 
rising water had put out the fires, engines and pumps had 
stopped, and again the Monitor fell off into the trough of the sea, 
where she rolled sluggishly. Seeing this, Bankhead let go her 
anchor, which brought her head to the wind. The greater part 
of the crew had now been rescued, but a few had been washed 
overboard, and twenty or so still remained on board, waiting for 
the boats to return. . . . Slowly and cautiously the last boat 
approached, keeping off with her oars from the side of the iron- 
clad, and while Bankhead held the painter she took off the rest 
of the crew — all but a few poor fellows who, dazed and terrified, 
could not be made to leave the turret. Last of all, Bankhead 
jumped in, and the boat pulled towards the Rhode Island, and 
was got safely on board. A few moments more, and the Monitor 
slowly settled and disappeared." 

On the morning of the 31st of December, though the wind was 
still high, the sea went down, and the Cahawha began to make 
headway. She had drifted back ninety miles in her course. 
There was still a rough sea, and very many of us were miserably 
seasick during this day. Early in the night, anchor was cast, and 
on New Year's morning, 18G3, we could sec land about four miles 
off, and six miles north could see a fleet of ships gathering. A 



DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 101 

signal was hoisted for a i^ilot, who soon came aboard. Steering 
the Cahaiuha towards the fleet, she soon ran through it, and lay 
alongside a wharf at Morehead City, passing close under the walls 
of Fort Macon in running into the harbor. 

Although in port early in the day, it was dark when we dis- 
embarked. We marched to Carolina City, three miles away, 
where we went into camp. The spot chosen was not a favorable 
one apparently, for Newcomb notes of it : " Want of foretliought 
and foreaction was, as usual, provokingly manifested in the choice 
of our camp ground." He describes Carolina City as consisting 
of three houses, a barn, a railroad depot, and the ruins of a large 
hotel. 

Little of interest to the diarists seems to have taken place at 
Carolina City. Morton notes that the weather was mainly cool 
and uncomfortable ; that we heightened our shelter tents by the 
use of hard-bread box boards, driving them into the sand so as to 
make tent sides of about a foot in height ; notes that the ground 
did not retain moisture as Virginia clay did ; that apples were 
plenty for those with money to buy them ; and that the wicked 
sutler was arrested for selling goods on Sunday. Lieutenant 
ISTewcomb notes that we were here exposed to three heavy rain- 
storms, with only miserable shelter tents to protect us ; that the 
health of the regiment was better than when at Yorktown ; and 
that the Ringold Minstrels, an amateur troupe organized in the 
One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, gave an amusing enter- 
tainment in the railroad depot. Maxfield notes, of the same 
entertainment, and a little resentfully, that only officers were 
admitted. He had just been promoted from a private in Company 
C to commissary sergeant of the regiment, and, feeling his strij^es 
a little just then, was chagrined to find them of less consequence 
than shoulder straps. 

Orders were read on parade on the 8th of January, which 
informed us that we were now attached to the Eighteenth Corps, 
and were in the Second Brigade of its Second Division, with 
General Naglee as the division commander and Colonel Davis 
brigade commander. 

On the 17th of January, General Naglee's farewell to the brigade 
was read on parade. We reprint it. 



102 the story of o^^e regiment. 

Headquarters, Naglee's Division, 
Newbern, N. C, Jamiary 8th, 1863. 
General Orders No. 3. 

The several regiments of the late First Brigade, commanded by 
General Naglee, will inscribe upon their banners the following 
names, indicating important events in the history of the war in 
which they acted a conspicuous part, namely : 

Lee's Mills, Ajjril 29th, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th and 100th K Y. 

Vols. 

Williamshurg, May btJi, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th and 100th N. Y: 

Vols. 

CMchahominy , May 19th, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, and 56th N". Y. Vols. 
Eeconnoissance to Seven Pines, May 24tli, 25th, and 26th, 
1862— 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th, 100th, 
and 98th N. Y. Vols. 

"Seven Pines,'' or Fair Oahs, May dlst, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th and 100th N. Y. 

Vols. 

Railroad and Bottonis Bridges, June 21th and 28th, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th and 100th :N". Y. 

Vols. 

White Oak Swamp Bridge, June 30th, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th and 100th N. Y. 

Vols. 

Carter's Hill, July 2d, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th and 100th N. Y. 

Vols. 

Matthews County, November 22d, 1862. 

llth Maine, 52d Penna. Vols., Independent Battalion N. Y. Vols. 

Gloucester, Va., December 13th, 1862. 

52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th and 100th N. Y. Vols. 

Yorktown, August 17th to December lUh, 1862. 

104th and 52d Penna. Vols., llth Maine, 56th, 81st, 98th, 100th 
N. Y., and Independent Battalion N. Y. Vols. 



DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 103 

The general lately commanding the brigade most happily takes 
this occasion to congratulate the officers and soldiers with whom 
he has been so intimately associated. 

Whilst memory lasts, it will continually recur to the scenes of 
deprivation and danger and blood and battle through which you 
have passed, and you will remember your inexperience and dis- 
content, and then your discipline and friendly, happy affiliation. 

All will remember with regret the deadly effects of the swamjis 
before Yorktown. 

You were the first in the advance upon Williamsburg, and when 
ordered by General McClellan to support General Hancock, the 
enemy gave up the contest. 

On the 19th of May, at Bottom's Bridge, you waded waist deep 
in the swamps of the Chickahominy, you drove away the enemy, 
and were the first to cross that stream. 

On the 23d, 170 of your number made a reconnoissance from 
Bottom's Bridge to tlie James River, near Drury's Bluff, and 
returned bringing valuable information. 

On the 24th, 2oth, and 26tjh, after other troops had failed, you 
made the gallant, dashing reconnoissance of the Seven Pines, driv- 
ing the superior force of General Stuart from Bottom's Bridge to 
within four and a half miles of Richmond, the position nearest 
that city ever occupied by our troops. 

On the 31st of May, at ''Fair Oaks," or "Seven Pines," occu- 
pying the above advanced position, your brigade made the most 
desperate, bloody, obstinate fight of the war, and while we mourn' 
the loss of one-half of our comrades in arms, you have the con- 
solation of knowingthatby their heroic sacrifice and your stubborn 
resistance you saved the Army of the Potomac from great disaster. 

On the 27th, 28th, and 29th of June, the rebel General Jackson 
hurled his immense force suddenly upon our right and passed 
that flank of the army, and all turned with extreme solicitude 
towards the rear at Bottom's Bridge, which, if crossed, would re- 
sult in irretrievable ruin ; and it should be a source of great pride 
and satisfaction in the future to remember that all this intense 
anxiety was dispelled, and all breathed with relief and felt secure, 
when it ra]ndly ran through the army that " Naglee's brigade had 
destroyed the bridges and stood night and day for three days in 
the middle of the Chickahominy, successfully and continually 
resisting its passage." 

Again, on the following day, you held a post of the greatest 
importance and danger at the White Oak Swamp. The most 
determined efforts of the enemy to cross the bridge in pursuit of 
our army were thwarted by our artillery, and you stood for ten 
hours supporting it, quiet spectators of the most terrific cannon- 
ade, while other regiments were only kept in place by being 
ordered back when they approached" your line. Retreating all 
night, you stood ready in position on the following day, expecting 
to be ordered to take part in the battle at Malvern Hill. 



10-i THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Ketreating again all night, at Carter's Hill on the 2d of July 
you stood by the artillery and wagon train, and, when all expected 
it would be destroyed, you brought it safely to Harrison's Landing. 

During December you destroyed a dozen large salt-works in 
Matthews County, Virginia, and drove the Kangers from that and 
Gloucester, Middlesex, and King and Queen Counties, captured 
large herds intended for the rebel army, and destroyed all their 
barracks, stables, and stores. 

At Yorktown, from August to the end of December, you have 
restored the works at that place and Gloucester Point, and they 
are by your labor rendered strong and defensible. 

Thus is yours the honor of having been the first to pass, and the 
last to leave, the Chickahominy, and while you led the advance 
from this memorable place to near Kichmond, you were the last 
in the retreating column when, after seven days' constant fighting, 
it reached a place of security and rest at Harrison's Landing. 

Your descendants for generations will boast of the gallant con- 
duct of the regiments to which you belong, and, when all are laid 
in the dust, history will still proclaimr the glorious deeds performed 
by you. 

Goon! "The truth is mighty and will prevail." Pretenders 
for a time may rob you of your just deserts, but, as you have 
experienced, their evil report will certainly be exposed ; for your 
many friends at home, ever watchful of and identified with your 
reputation, will see that Justice shall be done. 

A new page in your history is about to be written. Let it be 
still more brilliant than that already known. Your past good 
conduct has won the warmest esteem and confidence of your late 
Brigade Commander ; he has no apprehensions for the future. 

By command of Brig. -Gen. Henry M. Naglee, 

Commanding Division. 
(Signed,) Geo, H. Johnston, 

Captain and A. A. G. 
Official : 
(Signed,) Henry 0. Fox, Adjutant. 

The concentration of troops that took place in North Carolina 
in the last months of 1862 was as well known in Eichmond and 
Charleston as in Washington and New York. In fact, rebel 
spies in North Carolina and in the North, and the Northern 
newspapers, gave the Confederates full information of the move- 
ments of our troops. In Beauregard's '* Military Operations" we 
find that he knew in October, 1862, that " the Northern news- 
papers were filled with indications of an approaching attack on 
Charleston." In December, Mr. Seddons, the Confederate Secre- 
tary of War, telegrajihed him information from a friend of their 



DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 106 

cause in Nassau : "With the assurance that it comes from New 
York by a trustworthy source, states that the attack on Cliarleston 
will be made about the holidays, by four ironclads. This news 
has not yet got into the papers." 

Beauregard telegraphed the Governor of South Carolina, under 
date of January 7, 1863, an urgent call for the enrolling of every 
able-bodied man to resist a possible invasion. He urged : " The 
enemy is reported to be assembling iu heavy force at Newbern, 
N. C, as is supposed with a view to move on both Wilmington 
and Weldon at the same time. These operations, if successful, 
will cut off our communication with Virginia and the seat of 
government. Charleston and Savannah may, however, be the 
real points of attack." 

The speculations of we poor soldiers led us over about the same 
ground that those of Beauregard led him, we rather inclining 
to the opinion that Charleston was our real objective point. But 
neither he nor we were to remain long in suspense. Orders were 
received to prepare to leave Carolina City on the 21st of January. 
We marched to Morehead City during the forenoon, where we 
remained at a halt for three hours. Lieutenant Newcomb de- 
scribes Morehead City as consisting of the ruins of a couple of 
grist mills and a steam sawmill, and the remains of extensive salt- 
works, with probably three dozen good dwelling-houses still stand- 
ing. The only business carried on was the making of rosin, and 
this to but a limited extent. 

Towards evening we went on board a small steamer, and just as 
the sunset gun was fired from Fort Macon our boat started 
from the wharf to convey us to the Caliawha, lying in deep water. 
We found the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania on the 
Caliawha, with General Naglee, Colonel Davis, and their staffs. Of 
course, as the headquarters of the division and of the brigade, the 
Cahaivha j^reempted the brigade band. 

We did not put to sea until the 29th of January. During all 
this time we remained on board the Caliawha, anchored first off 
Beaufort, and then near Fort Macon. Crowded together as we 
were, and confined to narrow shipboard limits, with stormy 
weather too, we had a very uncomfortable time of it. And the 
Caliawha had a habit of swinging into incautious boats, so that 
there were frequently the alarms of a bump, a crash, a tearing and 
snapping of timbers, and an uprising of marine profanity that 



106 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

was above all decent description. After the first few collisions, 
however, we were somewhat reconciled, as we found that our big 
transport was always the victor ; and, at last, we must have begun 
to take a pride in the old ship's prowess. In no other way can I 
account for the complaisant tone of this note in Maxfield's diary : 
"We have run into several steamers, injuring them"; and in 
Morton's : *' Ran into a steamer, a gunboat, and a schooner last 
night." 

But the Cahmvha was not always to go scot free. As to every 
bully, its day came, " the gunboat Monticello crashing into her 
and smashing the larboard paddle box." 

So full of shipping was the harbor — transports, gunboats, coal- 
boats, schooners loaded with forage and subsistence, and what not 
of a marine nature — that it was a wonder, what with their chang- 
ing their births, drifting with wind and tide, crossing and recross- 
ing bows and sterns, that there were not many deplorable acci- 
dents instead of a few harmless collisions. 

The order to sail came, and in the afternoon of January 29th 
we steamed away, crossing the bar at six o'clock, the Caliawha 
maintaining its reputation by nearly running down another boat 
at the mouth of the harbor, here quite narrow. It was a stirring 
sight ; breakers rolling in on every side, the wide ocean swelling 
and lifting away to the horizon, and ships — steamers and sailing 
vessels — speeding in flocks and singly, all steering due south. 

A rough night and day followed, and many were seasick, but 
the sea went down in the night of the 30th, and on the morning 
of the 31st it was as smooth and gentle as if never capable of stir- 
ring a landsman's bile. About ten o'clock in the forenoon we 
anchored at Hilton Head, finding ourselves in a great and con- 
stantly growing fleet of vessels of all kinds. 



CHAPTER XII. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 

We Land on St. Helena Island— Incidents of Life There — The Breaking 
up of Nag-lee's Brigade — Differences between General Officers of the 
Dei)artinent — General Naglee Leaves the Department — The First At- 
tack on Charleston — Its Failure and the Causes — The Military Opera- 
tions That had Taken Place in the Department of the South — The 
Negro as a Soldier — The Northern Idea of Charleston's Defenses 
and Defenders. 

Very little hud been done in this Department after Port Eoyal 
was captured in the first days of November, 1861, when a fleet of 
transports, carrying General Thomas W. Sherman, with 13,000 
men, convoyed by Commodore Dupont, with a dozen war-vessels, 
arrived otf Port Eoyal. Dupont opened on the forts on Hilton 
Head and Phillips Islands, and after a severe bombardment suc- 
ceeded in driving their defenders into the interior. The Union 
troops then landed, and overran the whole district without ojDpo- 
sition. 

The force opposing Sherman and Dupont was estimated at 
2,500 men and fifty guns. The victory was a naval one ; one of 
heavy guns, and, as usual in heavy artillery work, the casualties 
were few — less than one hundred on both sides. 

In the following January a portion of the land force, under 
General Stevens, attacked the enemy's works at Port Royal Ferry, 
where the shell road from Beaufort to Charleston crosses the 
Coosaw River. They captured the works, but only to be driven 
back a few hours later. 

In March, 1862, General Sherman was relieved by General 
Hunter. General Sherman had not made the vigorous move- 
ments that it was expected he would, and General Hunter, after 
the reduction of Fort Pulaski by Captain Gillmore's batteries 
(planted during the regime of Sherman) and an abortive attempt 
to seize James Island, settled down to the work of gathering the 
negroes into schools and in organizing colored regiments, carrying 



108 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

out, in conjunction with General Saxton, tlie military governor of 
so much of South Carolina as he could hold, ''certain philan- 
thropic experiments of anti-slavery advocates/' according to the 
historian of the Forty-eighth New York. 

In October, 1862, General Hunter was relieved in his turn, 
General Mitchell taking command. After a consideration of the 
situation. General Mitchell wrote North: " I have no faith in send- 
ing troops to this Department. Let me be brought North with all 
my veteran troops here." To this Secretary Chase wrote a reply, 
in which he said : " I think you err in desiring to come North 
with the best troops of the Department. In my judgment the 
successes of the next three months must be chiefly on the coast of 
the Atlantic and the Gulf." 

General Mitchell then began to organize reconnoissances, one of 
which, under General Brannan, raided the Charleston & Savan- 
nah Kailroad. General Mitchell died of yellow fever imme- 
diately after this raid, and General Hunter returned to the com- 
mand of the Department, and again all military operations were 
subordinated to the elevation of the negro. And, really, as it is 
neatly summed up in the biography of General Mitchell : " The 
Department of the South never was of any benefit in suppressing 
the rebellion, except as a naval rendezvous." 

We do not propose to criticise the wisdom of enrolling the ne- 
groes. As the Government had to care for them, it was the best 
school that could have been devised for its wards. But the spirit 
that makes aggressive soldiers was not in them. Slaves by birth 
and training, the pride that makes courage was lacking — did not 
exist — and wherever put to the test tliey failed. The better show- 
ing made by the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, under Colonel Shaw, 
at Fort Wagner, does not traverse this statement. The Fifty- 
fourth was made up of Northern negroes, born free and raised in 
legal equality, the flower of their race in America ; and I submit 
that they owe much of the length and breadth of their reputation 
to their color, and to the social position and heroic death of their 
Avhite colonel. 

Certainly he died gloriously, but I cannot find in the storm of 
the assault on Wagner, in which lie died, that his followers showed 
anything like the daring bravery of the men of such regiments as 
the Forty-eighth New York or the Sixth and Seventh Connecti- 
cut ; these fighting their way into the fort, and holding a bastion 



DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 109 

through the night, in spite of the desperate efforts of the Confed- 
erates to dislodge them. 

The colored regiments were fairly officered ; all holding commis- 
sions were white, and nearly all the officers had been non-commis- 
sioned officers in veteran white regiments. But there was a 
reluctance among the best men in white regiments to accept com- 
missions in colored regiments, in which they would have rank and 
pay, but not a standing among officers of white regiments. This 
feeling was exemplified by our Sergeant-Major when Colonel 
Littlefield of the Fourth South Carolina said to him : " Sergeant- 
Major, how would you like a captaincy in my regiment ? " " Not 
at all, not at all," was the curt reply. "Why not?" was the 
surprised inquiry. " Because I'd rather be sergeant-major of a 
white regiment than colonel of a colored one," was the answer of 
our bluff and ever frank-tongued friend. 

It was fondly hoped by the North that Foster's expedition 
would bring about the capture of Charleston, ''the cradle of the 
rebellion." To capture Richmond would be grand, but to capture 
Charleston would be glorious — the birthplace of secession, where 
the signal gun of the rebellion had been fired. An ardent desire 
possessed the Northern mind to know that the flag was floating 
over Fort Sumter once more, and whoever would give them this 
vengeful victory would win glory and gratitude. And it seemed 
so easy to the uninitiated ; just to run the ironclads in, batter 
Sumter down, let loose the infantry, and, hurrah ! 

The following paragraph from a New York newspaper of the 
period gives the Northern view of the ease with which the city 
could be captured. Those of us that were rather near neighbors 
of Sumter and Moultrie a few months later will laugh a little at 
the belief that these forts were encased in iron. We learned that 
they were more invulnerable to bombardment than iron could 
make them, that pulverized rock and sand come nearer to making 
walls of safety for their defenders than could thrice triple plates 
of banded iron. This is the paragraph: "A letter from the 
blockading squadron off Charleston, just received in Boston, says 
that, from observations with })owerful glasses and the statements of 
deserters, it is evident that Charleston is strongly fortified. There 
is no doubt that Fort Moultrie, as well as Fort Sumter, is iron- 
clad, and that the rebels liave a considerable number of very 
powerful guns in position. Still, if no accidents happen to our 



110 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

ironclads (and a number will be kept in reserve to meet emergen- 
cies), the admiral in command [Dupont] is confident thac he 
will be able to capture the city. The land troops at Charleston 
consist mainly of conscripts, who would not probably make a very 
stout resistance to our march inward, in case the city should be 
captured. When the letter was written it was not known when 
the assault would be made.^' 

It was some time before it was made. We lay at Port Eoyal 
for two months before the first step was taken toward the object 
of our coming into this Department. During this time we 
were variously occupied. Arriving at Hilton Head on the morn- 
ing of the 31st of January, we lay in the harbor until the 2d day 
of February, when the Cahawha steamed to Beaufort, ten miles 
inland, where we landed, that the ship might be swabbed and 
drenched into something like cleanliness. We disembarked at 
Beaufort in the morning of the 3d, and went into camp, reem- 
barking on the afternoon of the 4th, returning to near Hilton 
Head the next day. 

The day spent in Beaufort was passed in fraternizing with the 
members of the Eighth Maine, encamped there, many of whose 
members were relatives and town friends of many of us. Eeturn- 
ing to Hilton Head, we remained on the Cahmvha until the 10th, 
when our division disembarked on St. Helena Island, and went 
into camp. And it was time that it did, for the long confinement 
on shipboard, where we were unable to secure pure air or facili- 
ties necessary to cleanliness, induced much sickness ; a sort of 
fever breaking out which sent many to hospital, and brought 
about a number of deaths. With the enlarged freedom secured 
by our landing, the health of the regiment speedily improved. 

Little of interest took place for some time now. From the 
diaries I learn that during February and March there were drills 
— company, battalion, and brigade — and many reviews : that 
tlie Ninth Maine was stationed at Hilton Head Island, and that 
much visiting took place between the members of the two regi- 
ments. A note in Morton's diary tells us that an order was 
issued for roll calls to be made every two hours of the day ; 
this, as there were complaints of brutality of iinknown soldiers to 
the negroes on the island. There were a multitude of *' contra- 
bands" encamped on it, besides droves of the native ones that 
had remained in their huts on tiie abandoned cotton plantations. 



DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. Ill 

The 26th of January a War Department order was read on 
parade, by whicli we learned that we were permanently attached, 
to the Eighteenth Corps, and under Hunter. 

Captain Sabine rejoined from Maine on the 1st of March, 
bringing with him a new set of colors — a flag and markers. 
This flag was ''the map of the Peninsula," as someone called it, 
it liaving in bright gilt letters "the name of nearly every station 
of the regiment," as Newcomb puts it. It was formally pre- 
sented to the regiment on the 24th of the month. 

On Sundays the brigade band played at our regiment's dress 
parade. In March mosquitoes and sandflies began to plague us. 
Muggy weather is reported for the 12th, and so vehement did the 
sun become about this date that the tents had to be covered with 
palmetto branches, spread on arbor frames made of crotched 
uprights and crossed sticks. On the 22d of March the One 
Hundredth New York left the island for some point unknown 
to us. 

The disintegration of our old brigade now began, and tlie regi- 
ments brought together on Meridian Hill were soon widely sep- 
arated. The One Hundredth New York alone rejoined us, but 
not until a year later. And now Naglee entirely severed his con- 
nection with us. 

It would appear that as soon as we reached Port Royal differ- 
ences arose between Generals Hunter and Foster as to which should 
command the expedition against Charleston. General Foster 
naturally thought that, as he brought the troops from North Caro- 
lina that were to make the attack, the honor of taking Charleston 
should be his ; besides, as he was identified, as a Lieutenant of 
Engineers, with the defense of Sumter against Beauregard's bat- 
teries in April, 1861, he may have had a sentimental desire to 
figure as its captor. But Hunter was as strenuous that, as the 
commander of the troops already identified with the Department, 
the glory of capturing Charleston should be his. And then the 
question of negro regiments was a bone of contention. Hunter, 
a strong Abolitionist, who had already issued a proclamation of 
emancipation that was repudiated by the Government, and who 
was rather given to posing for the admiration of the wing of 
the Republican party he had identified himself with, was appar- 
ently cocksure of the efficiency of his negro troops, while many 
of the officers of Foster's command were very dubious as to the 



112 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

wisdom of their enrollment. The following extract from a paper 
of the time gives the opinion that General Hunter and his North- 
ern admirers held of his rights in the premises : 

"Major-General Hunter deserves the thanks of the country for 
his prompt dealing with the malcontent officers of the corps from 
North Carolina, which was recently sent to his DejDartment. 
Tliese officers, because they thought Major-General Foster ought 
to lead the forces iu South Carolina, systematically disregarded 
General Hunter's orders, and studiously embarrassed his plans. 
Because they found negro soldiers in South Carolina, they openly 
declared that, if the Union had got to be saved by such means, it 
sliould not be saved at all, and put themselves actively to the work 
of stirring up insubordination and mutiny among the white 
soldiers. General Hunter, in promptly putting some of these 
men under arrest, and expelling others from his Department, has 
discharged his part of the duty in the premises." 

The charge of inciting insubordination and mutiny is, of 
course, a gross exaggeration, as is that stating that they " openly 
declared,^' etc. 

Soon after, according to a later-dated issue of the same paper, 
there was a sort of reconciliation between Hunter and Foster. 
It stated : " The question as to the division of command between 
Generals Hunter and Foster, arising from imperfect instructions, 
has been settled to the satisfaction of all parties, and General 
Foster has returned to Port Royal to take the personal command 
of his own troops. General Hunter's authority in the Depart- 
ment and in the direction of the expedition is undisturbed, and 
we may hope to hear, at an early day, that the forces under his 
control are in motion against the enemy." 

But this arrangement was of short duration. General Foster 
soon returned to North Carolina, and General Naglee was ordered 
to report at Washington. He turned his command over to 
General Heckman, and issued his farewell order to the division. 
This was read on parade on the 6tli of March ; and on the 9th 
nearly all the officers of his old brigade went over to the steamer 
that was to take him North, to bid him farewell. 

General Naglee Avas imperious in disposition, and without a 
bit of veneration for mere authority. He was, consequently, in 
frequent collision with the powers that were. But he was a 
kindly commander, and though reputed quick and sharp of 



DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 113 

speech, I do not remember his ever using a harsh word to 
those of us connected with his military iiousehold ; and as an 
orderly at brigade headquarters I came in daily contact with him 
for some months. His bravery, his gallantry, and his martial 
appearance — for surely no handsomer soldier ever sat in a saddle 
— endeared him to his old brigade. 

A few words from Maxfield's diary — words from the heart evi- 
dently, and without a thought of their ever being seen by other 
eyes than his own — gives us an idea of the feeling Naglee inspired 
in one of the coolest of us : " St. Helena Island, S. C, February 
24th. — Grand review by Major-General Hunter. Hunter puts on 
considerable style. As he rode along, accompanied by his staff. 
General Naglee and staff, and Admiral Dupont, he resembled an 
Eastern monarch. But, for all this, he could not but look inferior 
while riding beside the gallant Naglee.^' 

I witnessed this review from the rear of the reviewing position, 
and a fine sight it was to see the eighteen veteran regiments — some- 
thing like ten thousand men — brought from North Carolina and 
Virginia, march past. There was Heckman's brigade, composed 
of the Twenty-third Massachusetts, the Ninth New Jersey, the 
Eighty-first and Ninety-eighth New York ; Stevens's brigade, in 
which were the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts and the Tenth Con- 
necticut ; and two other brigades besides our own — the old Naglee 
brigade, which was composed of the One Hundred and Fourth 
and Fifty-second Pennsylvania, the Eleventh Maine, the One 
Hundredth New York, and the picturesquely uniformed French 
Battalion from New York, with its wild music of blaring bugles 
and rolling drums. These last-named regiments marched by their 
old brigade commander, stepping beautifully, rather for his 
approval than for that of any other man, and he looked proudly 
and silently on until the head of the Eleventh reached the review- 
ing position, then leaned over and whispered a few laughing words 
into Hunter's ear, that caused that regally attended gentleman to 
smile and look with curious interest at the stalwart Pine Tree 
State men as they strode by. Naglee lost no opportunity of exalt- 
ing the name of his "Yankee squad" ; for the unfaltering devo- 
tion of the companies with the colors at Fair Oaks, the cool action 
of the regiment at White Oak Swamp, and the promptness and 
vigor always displayed by the Eleventh in carrying out his orders, 
had touched an answering chord in his own bold breast. 
8 



114 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT, 

We served under many general officers during the remaining 
years of the war — Terry, Foster, Birney, Gibbon, Ord — but to 
none did we give the unquestioned obedience that we always gave 
Naglee. We respected their abilities, and followed them with 
confidence, but always with a reservation of opinion as to the 
wisdom of this or that order. But to Naglee our loyalty was an 
unquestioning one, and he was a bold man who would have dared 
criticise any act or order of his in our camp. We of the Eleventh 
never forgot him, he was the standard by which we measured all 
other commanders, his sayings and doings were affectionately 
remembered, and the recruits of later days listened to many a 
camp-fire story of his bravery, of his coolness in battle, of his gal- 
lant bearing everywhere ; listened till they, too, came to regret 
with his own veteran followers the fate that took him from us. 

In the month of April a movement was made on Charleston. 
On the 3d of that month we received orders to cook four days' 
rations, to pack up, and be ready to start at any time. On the 4th 
we struck tents, starting away late in the afternoon, and towards 
night reached the wharf, when we went on board the City of 
Bath, to be ferried out to the Caliawha, lying in the stream. 

About seven o'clock in the morning of the 5th the Caliawha 
weighed anchor, and put to sea with a fleet of vessels. It was a 
beautiful day, and as we steamed over a calm and glistening sea, 
our brigade band, on board the Caliaioha, playing now senti- 
mental, now martial airs, it seemed rather a gala-day affair than 
one of " grim-visaged war." About two o'clock in the afternoon 
we anchored of North Edisto Inlet — a broad deep waterway, a sort 
of landlocked harbor, the mouth of the North Edisto Eiver — a 
capital point from which to land and cut the Charleston & 
Savannah Railroad, but a few miles from our anchorage. We lay 
in this roadstead, with other crowded transports and a few gun- 
boats, during the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th, expecting the fleet to 
force its way past Sumter and Moultrie and into the harbor. 
Should they promise to succeed in this, we were to land and march 
on the rear of the city. 

The fleet attacked in the afternoon of the 7th, and after an 
artillery [duel [of two hours and a half duration was forced to 
withdraw. It was Admiral Dupont's intention to attack the next 
day, but, on the commanders of the ironclads coming on board 
the flagship — the Ironsides — that evening and stating the injuries 



DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 115 

to their vessels, wliich were of varying severity, from tliose of the 
Keok^tk, which sank the next morning, down to a merely riddled 
smokestack, the Admiral determined not to resume the attack, as, 
in his judgment, it would have converted a failure into a disaster. 
Had he succeeded in entering the harbor he would have had but 
twelve hundred men with thirty-two guns, as five of his seven iron- 
clads were wholly or partially disabled. In brief, the ironclad 
fleet was overmatched by the weight of the Confederate fire, and, 
had it succeeded in passing the outer forts and in entering the 
harbor, it would probably have been sunk by the heavy fire of the 
inner batteries. And were the ironclads successful in entering the 
harbor, if they remained afloat, they could be boarded by boat 
parties in the night. 

In the month of January General Beauregard had suggested that 
six boat parties be organized and trained to attack at night such 
of the ironclads as succeeded in penetrating into the harbor. The 
suggestion reads : " The men should be armed with revolvers, if 
practicable, and provided with blankets with which to close all 
apertures, also with iron wedges and sledges to stop the towers 
from revolving ; with bottles of burning fluid to throw into the 
towers, with leather bags of powder to throw into the smoke- 
stacks, and with ladders of about ten feet in length to storm 
the towers in case of need." The actual organization of this corps 
does not seem to have been carried out, but doubtless in an exi- 
gency enough volunteers would have offered to make it possible 
to try this novel boarding scheme, though the chances are that 
the most useful of the list of articles the boarders were to carry 
would have been the life-preservers in addition to the other-named 
articles ; for, what with boarding nettings and the small arms of 
the monitors, and the ease with which a big shot can be driven 
through the bottom of a small boat, boarding parties would have 
been likely to have to swim for it. 

On the very evening of the attack. Admiral Dupont received a 
confidential letter from the Secretary of the Navy, desiring him, 
after attacking Charleston, to send all the ironclads in fit con- 
dition directly to New Orleans, reserving only two of them. The 
Washington idea is given in an unoflficial letter from the Assistant 
Secretary of the Navy, that accompanied the letter of Secretary 
Welles : "Matters are at a standstill on the Mississippi River, and 
the President was with difficulty restrained from sending off 



116 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Hunter and all the ironclads directly to New Orleans, the opening 
of the Mississippi being the principal object to be obtained." So 
altogether, in the condition of the fleet, and with the virtual orders 
of the Navy Department in mind, when, on the night after the 
attack on the forts, some of General Hunter's staff officers boarded 
the Ironsides, with the proposition that the army and fleet 
cooperate in the reduction of Morris Island, it could not be enter- 
tained by Admiral Dupont. 

Our mission was at an end, and on the 10th we returned to 
Port Eoyal, and the next day steamed to Beaufort, where we 
landed and went into camp, as did the Fifty-second and One 
Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania regiments. 

It was our last cruise on the steamer Caliawha. Afflicted as it 
was with the third plague of Egypt, it had been our home for so 
many days, had borne us safely over such a stretch of water, in 
storm and calm, that we had contracted a rough affection for the 
stout old transport ; and for Mr. Davis her first mate, too. We 
had heard the command from the wheel-house so often of, 
*' Stand by your anchor, Mr. Davis," and the hoarse return of 
that old mariner, " Ay, ay, sir," that he seemed part of the ship 
itself. As the regiment came alongside to go on board the 
Cahmoha, to take a part in this Charleston expedition, our men 
saw the head of the rough old sailor peering over the side of the 
Caliaivba. What a yell of " Stand by your anchor, Mr. Davis," 
rang out of five hundred throats ! I am sorry to have to state that, 
instead of the orthodox reply to this nautical command, Mr. 
Davis only growled, ^' There's that damned Eleventh Maine 
again." 



CHAPTER XIII. 

BEAUFORT, S. C. 

Its Abandonment by its White Inhabitants, and Occupancy by the Union 
Forces — Raids of United States Negro Troops from this Point — The 
Confederate Weakness in South Carolina — Incidents of our Life in 
Beaufort — We Are Ordered to Fernandiua, Fla. 

Beaufort was the home of many of the planters owning the 
productive cotton and rice plantations of the archipelago of sea 
islands comprising what was known to us as the Beaufort district. 
The houses were spacious, and were mainly surrounded by once 
beautiful grounds and gardens, now neglected and grown up in 
tangled luxuriance of semi-tropical flowers and plants. The white 
residents left the city en masse when the news came that the forts 
at Port Royal had fallen ; Admiral Ammen says that there was 
not a white person left there when the Union troops marched 
into it. But there were any number of negroes to receive them, 
and to occupy the deserted mansions, for the attempt of the whites 
to drive their slaves before them in their exodus failed largely, 
some thousands of negroes remaining behind, and their number 
was constantly added to by the raids made into the interior. 
Lieutenant Newcomb describes one of these raids. We will copy 
his words, adding the comments of Confederate authorities : 
''June 3d, 18G3. — Colonel Montgomery has returned from an expe- 
dition into the interior with his regiment of darkies, and has 
brought some five hundred contrabands, mostly women and 
children. I have been down to the church where they are tem- 
porarily. They make a motley crew. It is reported that one 
company destroyed thirty-four plantations, buildings all burned. 
In all, upwards of a million dollars' worth of [)roperty was destroyed. 
Montgomery did not lose a man. The destruction of many 
private dwellings is much deplored." 

In Beauregard's " Military Operations " this raid is treated of 
in this way: "The enemy advanced as far as Combahee ferry, 
burned the ponton bridge at that place, and the houses on the 



118 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

river side, and moved up as if determined to march into the 
interior. The Federal forces employed on this expedition were 
mainly colored troops drawn from General Saxton's command at 
Beaufort. After pillaging and burning as they are wont to do, 
they carried off with them numbers of negro slaves from the 
adjoining plantations, but went no further and withdrew pre- 
cipitately." 

At this very time the Confederate forces were so weak in South 
Carolina that Beauregard's chief of staff wrote General Eipley, 
commanding the military division in which Charleston was 
situated : " Of course, there are not troops enough available in the 
Department to hold the line of the railroad (the Charleston & 
Savannah), if the enemy aim seriously at its possession ; but as it 
may be a mere raid, which may be foiled, it will be best, perhaps, 
to send all disposable infantry from Sullivan^s Island, and a 
section of Preston's, or some other battery, without delay, say 
with ten days' rations." 

It is fair to presume from this that a well-directed effort at 
this time would have secured possession of this railroad, so vital 
to the combinations of the Confederate defense of Charleston and 
Savannah ; not only this railroad, but of the one leading to the 
interior. General Beauregard warned the Confederate War De- 
partment on May 3d: "It must not be lost sight of that my 
communications with Savannah can be cut by the enemy, without 
the use of a large force, whenever he may choose to attempt it. 
. . . Furthermore, it were then but a simple and easy 
military operation for a column — not a large one — to penetrate to 
Branchville, not more than thirty-five miles from Pocotaligo, and 
thus entirely interrupt my communications with the interior, as a 
glance at the map will show." 

But nothing of this sort was attempted by Hunter ; or, indeed, 
by any other commander of the Department, all operations, except 
an occasional inoperative raid like that just described (unless the 
bringing of slaves out of the land of bondage were an accepted 
purpose of our military operations), being conducted well under 
the covering fire of gunboats. 

A revival of religion took place among the soldiers at Beaufort, 
the diarists setting down, " Soldiers' prayer meetings," all tlirough 
April and May. Sunday services were held before Colonel Plais- 
ted's quarters, the brigade band furnishing the music. All sorts 



BEAUFORT, S. C. 119 

of profane recreation were frowned on now. Chaplain "Wells was 
in his glory, and the catechism bade fair to supersede Casey. 

The health of the regiment was good here, as it had been since 
shortly after our landing on St. Helena Island. But there had 
been cases of congestive fever that took fatal turns with terrible 
rapidity. Surgeon Bates died on the Caliawha before we landed 
at Beaufort, after an illness of but four days, and Lieutenant But- 
ler, of D Compan}', died April 14th, the Tuesday after doing guard 
duty on Saturday. 

Surgeon Bates joined the regiment at Camp Scott, before York- 
town, and did good service for the year he was with us. Lieu- 
tenant Butler, a young officer of high promise, joined at York- 
town in the fall of 1863. 

Private Baker, of A Company, died in the evening of May 8th, 
after being on brigade drill the day before. 

.While at Beaufort the rations were excellent, abundant, and of 
great variety ; as, indeed, they were in all parts of this Department. 
Morton jots down : ''Hominy, peas, potatoes, bacon." Commis- 
sary Sergeant Maxfield was kept busy issuing fresh beef and soft 
bread; noting, for May 18th, that there were 416 enlisted men to 
issue rations to. Blackberries were plenty, the negroes bringing 
quantities of them into the camps for sale. And for the first time, 
the companies had mess-tables. Since entering service we had 
fallen in when a meal call was sounded, and, marching in single 
file to the cook-house, each man with his tin plate and cup in his 
hands, presented these to the cooks as we filed by the cook-house. 
One cook would load the plate with beans, or boiled beef, or what- 
ever the meal was composed of, and the other would fill the cup 
with coffee if it were breakfast, and with tea if supper. (At 
noon we quaffed aqua, more or less pura.) The soldier would 
return to his tent, or seat himself wherever on the company 
ground was most convenient, and, making a table of his knees, 
Avould enjoy his meal as best he could. 

But now enterprising men of each company took old shelter 
tents ("'A" tents had been issued for the companies) and pieces 
of old duck, which they tacked on a frame, making a long, wide, 
and sufficiently high mess-room. In this they built a long table, 
with stationary benches arranged along each side. Here the cooks 
set out the meals, the men turning their plates and cups into the 
cook-house, a detailed dishwasher caring for them, and once more 



120 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

we ate our meals in something like the manner in which we had 
been brought up. 

A number of furloughs and leaves of absence were now given 
our men and officers, and more had their applications in, and still 
more were contemplating entering applications, when an order 
from General Hunter told them that no more would be granted. 
This was unpleasant news to those contemplating a trip home. I 
remember that old John Day, of D, was enraged at the quench- 
ing of his hope, and while expressing his opinion of Hunter's 
action " boldly, '' a favorite expression with ''Grief," was inter- 
rupted by a Jeering question as to "what he enlisted for, anyway.'* 
The excitable old fellow just tore his blouse from his back, and, 
throwing it on the ground, danced on it, while brandishing his 
big fists at his tormentor, and shouting in his stentorian voice : 
*' What did I enlist for ? To fight ! To fight ! Come on ! Come 
on ! and I'll show you what I enlisted for, you mean rascal you ! " 
And it was through John brooding over his disappointment that 
the men of Company D lost their breakfast beans one morning. 
John was doing duty in the cook-house, and, although usually as 
amiable as a man need be, was in a very irritable condition of 
mind for a few days, and liable to blaze into a rage at any time. 
He was digging the bean kettle out of its hole on the morning of 
one of these days, and as he placed the spade well under the kettle, 
some one of the boys made some incautious remark that touched 
John's storm center, and he just gave one wild yell, and made one 
mighty fling, and the kettle went flying into the air, bomb fashion. 
Eeaching a fair altitude, it turned over, and a shower of aromatic, 
appetizing, baked-to-a-turn beans came pouring down on the now 
wildly shouting victims of John's wrath. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell resigned his commission while 
here. He kift us on the 26th of May. An excellent officer, he 
had proved his mettle in the Peninsula campaign, himself leading 
the companies that took part in tlie Battle of Fair Oaks into action. 
And as he was an amiable gentleman, as well as a brave one, his 
loss was much regretted by both the officers and the enlisted men 
of the regiment. He was one of the first to succumb to the 
deadly ennui arising from the lack of military enterprise in this 
Department. 

Within the next few months other resignations followed that of 
Colonel Campbell, and, had we not reentered active service when 



BEAUFORT, S. C. 121 

we did, the chances are that very many of the best officers of the 
regiment, and largely the ones that gave it its high military repu- 
tation on Morris Island and during the campaign of 1864, would 
have resigned their commissions. Like John Day, they volunteered 
to fight, not to garrison navy-guarded towns, and pass their days in 
idleness. Nor was this dissatisfaction confined to the officers, who 
could resign ; it prevailed among the men as well, who could not. 
In fact, we were now all actually sighing for the brave old days of 
the Peninsula, and would have jumped for joy, from colonel to 
drummer boy, at an order to join the Army of the Potomac. For 
every man worthy of the name, while willing to serve his country 
in a subordinate position, if he must, was ambitious for promotion. 
And how was a man to gain jiromotion, unless some one occupy- 
ing a position above should vacate it ? Not that we would have 
willed that any particular superior should be killed, but we could 
not help thinking what a series of promotions a well-directed bul- 
let could effect. The colonel is killed, say. That means a step 
up for the lieutenant-colonel, for the major, for a captain, for a 
first lieutenant, for a second lieutenant, for a first sergeant, for a 
sergeant, for a corporal, and for a private. The new-made corpo- 
ral is sorry enough for the colonel ; but, really, his just-donned 
stripes are a consolation, and if it is the will of God that he gain 
an additional stripe on the same terms — well, it is not for him to 
object to the doings of Omnipotence. 

There is little more in the diaries of our sojourn in Beaufort. 
Keviews by Generals Saxton and Hunter, school exhibition of the 
proficiency attained by negro children in learning the A B C's, 
divine services, prayer meetings, brigade drills, fatigue duty on 
the fortifications, picket duty on the wonderful Beaufort and 
Charleston shell road, with its bordering wood of magnificent 
moss-draped live oaks, fill the diaries until May 31st, when they 
all record that we had received orders to pack up and leave Beau- 
fort for Fernandina, Fla., to relieve the Seventh New Hampshire ; 
and all seem quite willing to go, agreeing with Morton that, on 
the whole, Beaufort was a ''dull old town." 



CHAPTER XIV. 

FEEKANDINA, FLA. 

We Sail from Beaufort to Fernandiua — Colonel Plaisted as Post Com- 
mander, and his Staff — The Arrangement of Troops — Details for De- 
tached Service — A Night Alarm— Outpost Duty — "Halt! Who 
Comes There ? " — The " Shakes," and Lieutenant Dunbar's Diary of 
a Personal Experience — Incidents of our Life in Fernandiua — We Are 
Ordered to Morris Island. 

On" the 4tli of June we bade good-by — a final one, it proved to 
be — to the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- 
vania Regiments, and, going on board the steamer Boston, sailed to 
Hilton Head. Here we anchored, that Colonel Plaisted might go 
ashore to receive his orders from General Hunter. The brigade 
band, that had accompanied us so far on our journey, now gave us 
a farewell concert before returning to Beaufort. Colonel Plaisted 
coming on board, we set out again, and at four o'clock in the 
afternoon crossed the bar. Daylight of the 5th found us off the 
Florida coast, and during the forenoon we entered the harbor of 
Fernandiua. 

Fernandiua is situated on the inner, or Cumberland Sound, side 
of Amelia Island, a large island on the most northern part of the 
Florida coast. Amelia Island is sixteen miles in length by four in 
width, and is separated from the mainland by Cumberland Sound, 
a waterway of from two to four miles in width. Fernandiua is in 
sight of the Georgia coast ; indeed, the waters of the St. Mary's 
River, part of the dividing line of the two States, help make the 
harbor of Fernandiua. At the northern extremity of the island 
is Fort Clincli, a work designed for the defense of Fernandiua, 
and which was forcibly occupied by the Confederate forces in the 
spring of 1861, to be retaken by the fleet some months later. 
Old Fernandina, or "Oldtown" as we called it, is a small hamlet 
just below this fort, between which hamlet and Fernandiua itself 
is a wide swamp that is crossed by a corduroy road. Fernandiua 
was a village of two or three thousand inhabitants before the war. 



FERNANDIXA, FLA. 123 

and then, as now, a port of entry, and the terminus of the Florida 
& Gulf Railroad. It is now a more thriving town than it was 
before the war ; is a lumber manufacturing center, has a court- 
house, a newspaper office, a Catholic academy, five white and 
four colored churches, and is a popular health-resort, summer 
and winter, steamers running three times a week to Savannah and 
Charleston, presenting quite a different picture from the rambling, 
ruined village that we knew ; nearly every house, large and small, 
swarming with vagrant negroes, the few white natives, mostly 
women, remaining secluded in their jDoverty-stricken homes, rarely 
showing themselves in the idle streets that once teemed with busi- 
ness life and the animation of prosperity. 

The Seventh New Hampshire having departed, we were left 
alone to guard this not very important port, one that the Confed- 
erates found so unsuited to the necessities of their cause that, as 
Admiral Ammen says, "though they fought for Port Royal they 
made us a present of Amelia Island," evacuating it on the approach 
of our fleet, and the only sight the invading Yankees got of the 
enemy was a glimpse of a fast-receding train of cars carrying away 
their rear guard. 

Companies A and I were stationed at the railroad bridge, which 
is six miles from Fernandina, where they occupied an old house, 
and, quite unmolested by the Confederates, amused themselves as 
best they could with boating, shooting alligators, and in catching 
fisli and crabs. 

Companies E and C, and later G, went into Fort Clinch. The 
other companies, B, D, F, H, and K, pitched their "A" tents on 
a i)leasant rise of ground just on the edge of Fernandina, and 
€lose to the water. 

The following order was issued by Colonel Plaisted on assuming 
command of the post : 

Headquarters, U. S. Forces, 
Fernandina, Fla., June 7, 1863. 

General Order No. 1. 

In accordance with Special Order No. 304, Headquarters, De- 
partment of the South, the undersigned assumes command of this 
post. 

The following commissioned officers of the Eleventh Maine 
Vols, are hereby announced on the staff of the Post Commander, 



124 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

and, in their respective departments, will be obeyed and respected 
accordingly : 

First. Lieut, and Adjt. Henry 0. Fox, Post Adjutant. 

Captain Samuel Gr. Sewall, Post Commissary. 

First Lieut. John Ham, R. Q. M., Post Quartermaster. 

Captain F. W. Sabine, Provost Marshal. 

First Lieut. A. G. Mudgett, Asst. Provost Marshal. 

Asst. Surgeon E. L. Cook, Health Officer. 

(Signed,) H. M. Plaisted, 
Colonel Eleventh Maine Vols., Comjnanding Post. 
Official : 
(Signed,) Henry 0. Fox, Post Adjutant. 

These were only the beginning of the details necessary to a post 
organization. There was a provost guard, a pilot crew, a signal 
station detail to man the tall signal tower and scan the Atlantic 
through a big telescope for passing vessels, reporting to us by 
hoisting flags when one was in sight, whether it was steam or sail, 
going north or south, going by or steering for the harbor 
entrance. These, with other details, some ornamental, others use- 
ful, left Major Spofford a weak force for camp guard and jiicket 
duty. Major Spofford was now in command of the companies of 
the garrison of Fernandina, while the companies at the railroad 
bridge were under the command of Captain Merrill until July 
7th, when Company I was withdrawn and joined the garrison 
at Fernandina, leaving Company A at the bridge with Lieu- 
tenant Holt in command. The troops at Fort Clinch were under 
command of Captain Nickels. Each command reported directly 
to post headquarters. 

For some reason. Colonel Plaisted feared an attack on Fernan- 
dina. But, probably because we did not have his information, this 
fear was not a general one. The enemy could not want that little 
town, so open to naval operations, and the gunboat Potomshi 
lying in the harbor would prevent any attempt, if there was any 
wish, to disturb us. But there were alarms. The citizens would 
signal across the sound with lights, moving them up and down 
at windows, according to some code that we did not get an inkling 
of. These signals would be answered by moving lights on the 
mainland. Probably the Confederates, who occupied the further 
shore, were kept informed of our force and positions. And 
again, it may be that, as many of the Confederate troopers on the 
mainland were natives of Fernandina, they were only in com- 



FERNANDINA, FLA. 125 

munication with wives and sweethearts. General Finegau, the 
commander of the Confederate forces then in Florida, was a 
native of Fernandina, his great house in the suburbs of the town 
standing in testimony to his w^ealth and local importance. It 
was now but a hive of negroes. 

One night there was an alarm. It was rumored that the Con- 
federates would cross the mouth of the harbor in boats, and, land- 
ing near Fort Clinch, would assault it. Of course, there was a 
commotion. I remember that Colonel Plaistcd rode to the camp 
guard-house, of which I was unfortunate enough to be in charge 
as sergeant of the 'guard, and, routing us out, ordered me to fall 
the men in and follow him. He led us to the road that runs 
from Fernandina to Oldtown, and into the swamp that lies 
between the old and the new towns — a swamp that was an impass- 
able jungle of trees and tangled grapevines, the haunt of alliga- 
tors and snakes, and the breeding place of a most bloodthirsty 
hreed of mosquitoes — led us down into the head of the narrow 
corduroy road running across this swamp, and bade us stand 
there and hold the pass at all hazards ; for all I now remember, 
throwing out a few encouraging words about the fame of Ther- 
mopylaj and the immortal Three Hundred. Then he turned his 
horse and rode away towards Fernandina, with his orderly at his 
heels, leaving us in the midst of a dense and ever-thickening 
cloud of bayonet-billed mosquitoes. The enemy ? Suppose he 
was to land at Oldtown, take Fort Clinch, and put Captain 
Nickels and its garrison to the sword, must we stand there and 
be eaten alive ? Not if we knew it. "We forthwith resolved our- 
selves into a council of war, with the result that we marched our- 
selves to the high land overlooking the swamp, where the night 
breeze swept the pursuing mosquitoes back into their haunts. 
Then, after stationing a guard between us and Fernandina to 
prevent our alert commander from surprising us, we went into 
bivouac, confident that our danger did not lie towards Fort 
Clinch, for no rebel was yet so desperate as to be willing to tread 
that stretch of mosquito, alligator, snake infested swamp road in 
the darkness of a moonless night. 

The picket duty was the only really hard duty, and it was 
especially hard on the few non-commissioned officers now with 
the companies garrisoning Fernandina, as so many of these offi- 
cers were away on furlough and detached service. Take D, for 



126 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

example. First Sergeant Bassett went North on recruiting 
service. Sergeant Young then acted as First Sergeant, Sergeant 
Blake was serving as Provost Sergeant, and Sergeant Francis was 
away on sick leave, so that Sergeant Brady had to do sergeant's 
service for the company on camp and picket duty. This brought 
him on picket about every fourth day, leaving him only just time 
enough to enjoy his fit of the "shakes," to do his camp guard 
tour, and attend to his fatigue duty, before he was again on the 
outposts. And the other sergeants and corporals with the com- 
panies in Fernandina had a similar experience. 

But I must confess that this picket service was more arduous 
than dangerous. It was confined to aline of isolated posts on the 
south side of Fernandina. The line stretched across the railroad, 
and was mainly intended to cover the direction of the railroad, 
the only way the enemy could get at us except by boating across 
the sound and eluding the naval picket boats. This railroad, 
after crossing to Amelia Island, runs to Fernandina through a 
series of swamps, the southern portion of the island consisting of 
swamps largely, in which rise hummocks of comparatively dry 
ground. If the enemy should have surprised the company guard- 
ing the bridge (A), and scattered it, the noise of the fight would 
have been a sufficient alarm to the Fernandina garrison ; but 
should the enemy have landed from boats below the bridge, 
between it and Fernandina, then our picket posts would have 
served to give the alarm. 

A train of cars, with a locomotive, was kept ready for any 
emergency that might arise at the bridge, a competent locomotive 
engineer, detailed from the First New York Engineers, reporting 
at the post for duty. This train made daily trips between Fer- 
nandina and the bridge. 

The picket posts were set on hummocks, or rises of ground in 
the midst of the alligator and snake infested swamps, where a 
breed of the most sanguinary mosquitoes filled the air at night to 
an extent that not only made it impossible for a man to sleep, 
but forced him to keep his already mosquito-net-covered head in a 
thick smudge of smoke. We slept all we could in the day time, 
as we could not sleep at all at night, except on the blessed ones 
when heavy thunderstorms broke over the island. One of these 
stormy nights I remember well. Officers of the day did not often 
honor our out-of-the-way posts with night visits. The rough 



FERNANDINA, FLA. 127 

wood road, running tlirough swamps where alligators were wal- 
lowing and moccasin snakes gliding, with clouds of mosquitoes 
ready to attack any blooded creature, deterred any but the most 
zealous of these officers from riding over it at night. 

Nor did we care for company. For, you must know, there 
were loud complaints from the citizens owning sweet potato and 
vegetable gardens that during nights their gardens were visited 
and divers and sundry vegetables removed from the possession of 
the legal owners. And as the night patrol of the provost guard 
kept the streets and lanes clear of night-hawking soldiers and 
marauding negroes, there was a suspicion that the picket posts 
were taking toll of the gardeners. And whoever worked this out 
reached a sound conclusion, for when the shades of night began 
to fall we were accustomed to detail a foraging party to bring in 
sweet potatoes and green corn. On their returning, we would 
prepare for a night's feasting. But we were never caught, and 
the only result of the complaints made against us was to strain 
the relations between those liable for picket duty and such mili- 
tary officials as were so unwise as to appear anxious to discover 
who really got the potatoes and other vegetables. This they could 
not learn except by visiting our jjosts at night, for we never took 
any plunder into camp, nor could anyone find a scrap of peeling 
or a bit of a cob around our picket posts. All debris of the sort 
was carefully buried in the depths of adjacent swamps. The 
provost marshal did make an unrequited visit to my men when 
they returned from outpost duty one morning. He might as well 
have interrogated graven images, for all the information he could 
get from them. 

This night was a stormy one with a high wind, and the air was 
clear of mosquitoes ; and the alligators were likely to have secluded 
themselves in swampy shelters, instead of sprawling in the road 
as was their usual delight of summer nights. The conditions 
were so favorable that the officer of this particular day decided to 
visit the picket posts. The thunder was heavy and the lightning 
flashes fierce and frequent. I was lying under the roof of our 
hut, stretched out in a hammock belonging to Private Darling, 
who stood on post at the entrance of the open-sided hut, in which 
the rest of the boys were huddled, while occupying themselves in 
roasting corn and sweet potatoes. This picket post was near the 
extremity of the road by which we made our way to and from 



128 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Femandina. "We suddenly heard the trampling of a galloping 
horse. The horse was either running away, or his rider was spur- 
ring him for shelter. Nearer and nearer sounded the hoof-beats. 
Private Darling cried sharply: ''Halt! Who comes there ?^^ 

Eeceiving no answer, and the horse galloping on. Darling called 
tome, ''Shall I fire?" " Certainly," answered I, "if he does 
not halt." As I rolled to the ground, and called to my men to 
make ready, we heard Darling call again : " Halt ! Halt ! or I fire." 
Just then there came a flash of lightning, and we saw our sentry 
standing in the middle of the roadway, his rifle to his shoulder 
and pointing at a runaway horse, with a frightened rider, now but 
a few rods from the sentry. Then we heard a voice cry, from out 
of the blackness which followed the vivid lightning flash : "For 
God's sake, don't — don't fire ; I can't hold him in." Then came a 
crashing and floundering in the roadside bushes, telling us that 
the scared rider had pulled so frantically at the horse's mouth as 
to fairly twist him into the swamp. No other ofiicer of the day 
took the trouble to make a night call on the outposts I had charge 
of, nor did I think it at all necessary to report their dereliction to 
the post commander. 

The health of the regiment was fairly good while at Fernandina, 
although nearly every man with it, if not every one, suffered from 
the " shakes." The varied sensations of this mysterious disease — 
all unpleasant — ought not to be forgotten by any victim ; but to 
refresh aging memories, we will copy the medical description of 
the malady : " Ague (febris intermittens) is the common name 
for an intermitting fever accompanied by paroxysms, or fits. 
Each fit is composed of three stages, the cold, the hot, and the 
sweating stage. Before a fit the patient has a sensation of debility 
and distress about the epigastrium, feels weak and disinclined for 
exertion ; the surface of the body becomes cold, and the bloodless 
skin shrivels up into the condition termed goose skin (cutis 
anseris). A cold sensation creeps up the back, and spreads over 
the body ; the patient shivers, his teeth chatter, his knees knock 
together ; his face, lips, ears, and nails turn blue ; he has pains 
in his head, back, and loins. This condition is succeeded by 
flushes of heat, the coldness gives place to warmth, and the sur- 
face regains its natural appearance. The warmth continues to 
increase, the face becomes red and turgid, the head aches, the 
breathing is deep and oppressive, the pulse full and strong. The 



FERNANDIXA, FLA. 129 

third stage now comos on : the pulse resumes its natural force and 
frequency, and a copious sweat breaks from the whole body." 

Doesn't that bring it all back to you, till the notes of the sick 
call ring in your cars : " Come get your quiuine, quinine, quinine " ? 
That held in a spirituous solution was generally preferred. 

Lieutenant Dunbar set down in his diary a summary of a 
month's experience with the ague ; and as he seems to have had 
it in about its worst form, his jotting gives a fair idea of the per- 
sistence of the disease when it fastens on one. His diary of June, 
1863, reads as follows: "8th. — Officer of the guard to-day. 
9th. — Had a shake to-day. 11th. — Am officer of the day. 12th. — 
Had a very heavy chill to-day. 13th. — Sick with fever and ague. 
14th.— All right to-day. 15th.— Officer of the day. 19th.— Regi- 
mental officer of the day. 20th. — Shaking. 21st. — Shaking. 
22d. — Shaking. 23d. — Fever and ague. 24th. — Shakes and 
fever. 25th. — Very weak, not strength to shake. 26th. — Stronger 
and shaking, with heavy fever. 27th. — Fever, without the shakes. 
28th. — Ague and shaking, without the fever. 29th. — Better 
to-day. 30th. — About the same." He recovered so speedily 
from the effects of this siege of ague that he notes for July 4th : 
" "Went to the negro school exhibition, and a better one I never 
saw, white or black.'' 

The rations were exceptionally good while at Fernandina ; not 
only were we plentifully supplied, but, as flour was issued to com- 
panies preferring part of their bread ration in this form, the 
companies were able to bake their own bread and biscuits. Each 
company built a brick oven in which to bake beans, bread, bis- 
cuits, and gingerbread. Then the companies commuted their 
rations partly, drawing cash for such of their allowances as they 
did not want, and invested the money in vegetables, etc. Fish 
was to be had for the catching, turtles abounded, and then there 
were wild grapes and delicious pomegranates. Yes, and if you 
needed a drastic touch, you need but pick and eat a few castor-oil 
beans from the bushes they grew on. 

The nucleus of a colored regiment had its headquarters at 
Fernandina — the Fourth South Carolina, Colonel Littlefield. 
We saw very little of this regiment ; indeed, there was very little 
of it to see — only a colonel and adjutant, and a few other officers, 
with now and then a stalwart negro in a blue uniform. Coal 
black was the prevailing color of its rank and file, though there 
9 



130 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

were lighter shades, and at least one " red '' negro, a sergeant, a 
sort of albino, a full-blooded negro with red wool, a skin light 
enough to appear freckled, very much resembling a well-sun- 
burned white man of " sandy " complexion — enough, anyway, to 
deceive Maxfield ; for when this sergeant was drawing rations for 
his men at the commissary, Maxfield took him for a non-commis- 
sioned officer of some white regiment, who was waiting for a com- 
mission in the Fourth South Carolina, and. asked him when 
he expected to receive his commission, and what rank he was to 
hold. 

These colored soldiers, with the contrabands, were employed in 
building Fort Naglee, the earthwork planned by Colonel Plaisted, 
and. which was nearly completed when we left Fernandina. It 
was an elaborately planned work, and occupied a commanding 
position just outside of the city. 

Now for the diaries of our friends. They faithfully note the 
coming and going of the infrequent mail steamers — we received 
mail only about once in three weeks, while here ; and that the 
passing back and forth of flags of truce between the lines was 
frequent — probably mostly in connection with the necessities of 
the women and children left in Fernandina by their men folk, 
who were now on the mainland, dressed in Confederate gray. 
There were infrequent alarms — three or four this summer, all 
without adequate cause. 

Of the weather, Morton notes, August 8th: ''Eighty-three 
degrees in the shade at 7 a.m., 102° part of the day.'^ Newcomb 
notes, August 11th : ''Have not had a rainstorm for three months 
now, nor a shower for two weeks. During June and July we had 
a shower every day." 

Divine services were held by Chaplain Wells in the "regimental 
church^' on Sundays. This was a small church building, and in it 
the chaplain, with the assistance of Major Spofford, had fitted up 
a reading room. Morton notes that there were x>lenty of good 
books. 

July 4th was celebrated by the colored people particularly. The 
Declaration of Independence was read, songs were sung, and 
Colonel Plaisted delivered an oration. Newcomb, who was 
stationed at Fort Clinch, notes that they fired a salute from the 
fort at sunrise. On July 20th, forty enlisted men, and Lieutenants 
Sellmer and Charles H. Foster, were detailed to ["go to Morris 



FERNANDINA, FLA. 131 

Island, S. C, on artillery service. We shall hear from this de- 
tachment later on. The 23d of July, Company G was added to 
the garrison at Fort Clinch. 

Heavy firing was heard in the direction of Charleston in 
August, usually at night and in the early morning. On August 
1st the Boston, the regular mail steamer, touched, with the 
Forty-eighth New York on board, bound for St. Augustine. We 
heard with envy the graphic story they had to tell of the siege of 
Charleston, and of the gallant part they took in landing on the 
island, and in the assault on Fort Wagner. Captains Wiswell and 
Sewell, with three non-commissioned officers, started North on the 
15th of August on recruiting service ; with them went a number 
of furloughed men. 

September 9th, the hospital boat Cosmopolitan came in with 
Surgeon -General Hammond on board. He ordered several of our 
sick men to be sent North. 

In September a terrible storm swept the coast, during which 
there was much excitement in Fernandina concerning the fate of 
a schooner that was anchored off the bar. The diaries tell the 
story. IGth — Morton: '^ Storming to-day. A navy schooner 
outside the bar in a critical condition." Newcomb : "A terrific 
gale has been blowing for twelve hours now. A vessel has been 
lying at anchor off the bar all day. It don't seem possible that 
she can live through the night." 17th — Morton : ''The schooner 
cut away her masts last night ; it blows and rains very hard yet." 
Newcomb : " The gale has abated, the wind has changed, the 
schooner lies in the same position this morning, with both masts 
gone." 18th — Morton: " The gunboat went out and towed the 
hull of the schooner in." 

On the 26tli of September a party went to Cumberland Island 
to visit the mansion of General Nathanael Greene, a fine old house 
built of indestructible shell and cement. Morton was of the 
[)arty, and noted that it was fired on from Fort Clinch. The 
orders were that all boats should report at the fort in passing, but 
this one, as it was bearing a headquarters party, presumed ta 
push on without reporting. A shot from the fort was fired, fall- 
ing far ahead of the boat. No attention was paid to this hint, 
but when one came whirling over the bow, then the boat was 
promptly put about, and the regulation complied with. Orders 
were orders with Nickels and Newcomb. 



132 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

The general verdict before the end of September was that Fer- 
nandina was a terribly dull place. Newcomb summed it all up 
soon after we arrived there : "Nothing to see, nothing to hear, 
nothing to do/' The only excitement was the coming and going 
of the steamers and gunboats, and a signal could rarely be hoisted 
on the tower without catching the eye of every man of us with its 
first flutter. We rejoiced when it told us that a boat was coming 
in, and were disgusted when there was a failure to touch. Morton 
notes more than once : "^Had the aggravation of seeing a signal 
hoisted for a steamer that went by." 

News did not reach us until long after everybody else in the 
United States had it, and we sometimes got it through the rebel 
papers that passed through the lines, before we did from the 
North. Morton notes in his diary, August 12th : " It is reported 
by the rebel papers that Banks is badly whip^ied." It was July 
19th before we received the news of the fall of Vicksburg and 
Port Hudson, which took place July 4th, and we heard at the 
same time of the New York riots and of the beginning of the 
siege of Charleston. Sometimes a steamer stopped off the port 
and gave us a bit of news. Newcomb's diary tells how one hoaxed 
us cruelly: ''July 10th. — News has come by a steamer that 
stopped off the bar that Portland has been burnt by privateers, 
that Lee is besieging Harrisburg, that Grant has been repulsed, 
and that Banks's army is in a critical condition." 

During the summer Lieutenants Brann and Johnson resigned 
and went home. Captain Nickels resigned, but subsequently 
withdrew his resignation, and Lieutenants Stephen B. Foster and 
Newcomb sent in their resignations the 1st of October. The 
movement was becoming epidemic when, on the 2d of October, 
two steamers touched at the wharf with the Twenty-fourth Mas- 
sachusetts on board on its way to St. Augustine to relieve the 
Forty-eighth New York. They told us that a regiment was 
making ready to relieve us ; and, sure enough, on the 5th the 
Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania arrived on the Boston, and we 
learned that we were ordered to Morris Island. The feeling 
in the regiment was a joyful one, and is exemplified by New- 
comb's entry in his diary : '' Foster and I withdraw our resigna- 
tions in view of active service." 

The diarists seem to have set down every notable incident of 
our stay there, even that the officers had a billiard table to amuse 



FERNANDINA, FLA. 133 

themselves with, while the boys contented themselves with a more 
plebeian bowling alley ; everything except that we ran a newspaper. 
Horace A. Man ley found an abandoned newspaper plant, and, as 
he was a practical printer, he, with other kindred spirits, set to 
work and got out several numbers of a spicy sheet that we regret 
our inability to find a copy of. Could we, we think we might 
cull from its columns a number of instructive and diverting items 
bearing on oar life in Fernandina. 

We were now very different-looking men than when, a year 
before, we marched into Yorktovvn. Then bronzed by exposure 
and gaunt from a want of over-feeding, ragged, yes, and dirty — to 
go no further — now we were fat, and sleek, nattily uniformed, 
buttons, brogans, and brasses all well polished, equipments and 
arms showing the best of care, every man with his white gloves 
for parade duty. Indeed, Morton could have set down for us 
now what he did for the soldiers we saw at Port Eoyal when we 
reached there in February, 1863. '* Regiments around here look 
as if they were playing soldier," was the observation of that 
hardy Peninsula campaigner. 

But our pipeclay days were nearly over. We were very soon to 
leave all this fancy soldiering in the rear, were soon to take 
position in the front again, where for a long year, waking and 
sleeping, we were for but a few hours at a time out of the reach 
of shells and bullets, or the sound of roaring artillery and cracking 
rifles. 



CHAPTER XV. 

THE SIEGE OF CHAKLESTON. 

We Land on Folly Island and Marcli to Morris Island— The Geography 
of the Situation — General Q. A. Gillmoreand his Military Antecedents 
— The Landing on Morris Island and the Assaults on Fort Wagner — 
The "Swamp Angel " Battery — It is Manned by a Detachment of 
Volunteers from the Eleventh Maine, who Left Fernandina in July for 
Artillery Service in the Siege — The Story of this Detachment as told 
by their Commander, Lieutenant Sellmer. 

In the afternoon of October Gth we went on board the Boston, 
and before night were at sea. We passed Hilton Head in the 
early hours of the next morning, kept on northward, ran into 
Stono Inlet, and landed on Folly IsJand late in the afternoon of 
October 7th. Marching for a half-mile through a growth of heavy 
timber, we went into bivouac for the night. 

It seemed quite like old times to the Peninsula men to lie around 
roaring camp fires, under tall trees, and to sleep on the ground. 
Nor did they lose the opportunity it gave them of reciting the 
glories of the summer of 1862 to their later-mustered comrades. 
And it must be confessed that their more than twice-told tales 
were listened to with much more respect than they had been 
for some time, the dull roar of the big guns that we could hear 
at work but a few miles away giving their stories of battles a touch 
of sober reality. 

We were up at daybreak of the 8th, and by ten o'clock had 
crossed the ponton bridge connecting Folly Island with Morris 
Island, and were marching up the beach of Morris. We were 
now in sight of the fleet lying inside the bar, and of Sumter, 
of Wagner, of Moultrie, of Johnson, and Gregg, and of batteries, 
Federal and Confederate, without number ; and away to the north- 
east, at the head of a beautiful bay, we could see the tall spires of 
the city of Charleston. 

Morris Island is but a strip of white sand on which roll the 
waves of the Atlantic Ocean. It runs nearly north and south, and 
is about four miles long. Its broad southerly end, lying well out 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 135 

of the range of the enemy's fire, served as a camp gronnd for 
troops not actively engaged in the siege, and for headquarters and 
depot purposes. Narrowing as it approaches Sumter, till Fort 
Wagner comijletely barred all further progress at fairly high water, 
the island ended in a hooked projection known as Cumming's 
Point. From Cumming's Point it was but 1,300 yards to Sumter, 
due northwest, and but four miles to Charleston city, looking 
about directly west across the bay, and but about a mile and a 
half across to Sullivan's Island, where Moultrie and battery Beau- 
regard lay beyond Sumter and to its east, Sullivan's Island running 
about east for a short distance and then bearing rapidly towards 
the northeast, the north end of Morris pointing to about the west- 
ern end of Sullivan's. To the west of the upper part of Morris 
Island, across a marshy tideway through which flows Vincent 
Creek, James Island points a blunt end to Morris, the length of 
James forming the southern boundary line of Charleston Harbor. 
Outside of James, on the Atlantic, and separated from James by 
the Stono River, lies Folly Island, with Black Island wedged in 
between Folly, James, and Morris. 

AVe use the past tense in referring to Cumming's Point, as we 
learn that it has been washed away, and that the waves even roll 
over the spot where Fort Wagner stood ; Gregg, Chatfield, Wagner, 
and numerous unnamed batteries, with the remains of many of their 
assailants and defenders, have been swallowed by the Atlantic. 

The operations against Charleston were now in the hands of 
Brigadier-General Quincy A. Gillmore. Let us take a glance at 
his military antecedents. Early in 1862, Captain Quincy Adams 
Gillmore, a West Point graduate, was acting as Chief Engineer of 
the Department of the South. He was directed by General 
Thomas W. Sherman, the department commander, to undertake 
the reduction of Fort Pulaski, at the mouth of the Savannah 
River. Erecting batteries of heavy Parrott guns on Tybee Island 
during the months of January, February, and March, Captain 
Gillmore was ready to open fire by April 1st. On the 31st of 
March General Sherman was relieved of his command by General 
Hunter, who arrived at Tybee Island on the 8th of April. At 
sunrise of the 10th, General Hunter sent a summons to the Con- 
federate commander of Fort Pulaski to surrender. His answer 
was, " I am here to defend this fort, not to surrender it." Shortly 
after eight o'clock Gillmore's heavy batteries opened, and after 



186 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

sustaining a continuous bombardment until two o'clock in the 
afternoon of the next day, the commander of the fort concluded 
that he was there to surrender it after all. 

It was determined by this bombardment that brick walls could 
not withstand the force of modern artillery, the projectiles cutting 
through six and seven feet of the land walls of Pulaski, completely 
breaching the angle the fire was converged on. 

For this service Captain (jillmore was made a brigadier-general 
of volunteers, and gained a fame that led many in the North to 
press him on the Administration as the man to subdue Charleston. 
Nor does Gillmore seem to have been at all loath to assume the 
undertaking. A letter of his to General Cullom, chief of staff to 
General-in-Chief Halleck, dated May 23, 1863 (a probably invited 
letter), and in which he gave General Cullom liberty to show it 
to General Halleck, expressed the opinion that the forts in Charles- 
ton Harbor could be reduced by the naval and military forces then 
in the Department of the South, and implied that the writer 
felt confident that he could bring about the capture of that city 
were he given command of the Department. 

His appointment to supplant. General Hunter followed closely 
on the date of this letter. The appointment Avas dated June 3d, 
and on June 12th, so prompt was Gillmore, he had reached Hilton 
Head, assumed command, and had begun to arrange a plan of 
campaign with Admiral Dahlgren, who had succeeded Dupont, 
that officer having experienced the fate of the unsuccessful. Of 
course. General Hunter did not take kindly to his removal ; he 
was not that kind of man. Attributing his deposition to Horace 
Greeley particularly, he wrote that gentleman an acrid letter, men- 
tioning, among other things, the Tribune's persistent war-cry of 
" On to Eichmond," in which movement, wrote Hunter, " You 
shed much ink and other men some blood." 

Since early in April, General Vogdes had commanded a force 
occupying Folly Island. This force had been engaged in cutting 
roads through the heavy timber of that island, and in building 
batteries to cover a descent on Morris Island. The Morris Island 
route seems to have been selected largely from the ability of the 
fleet to cooperate with the army. General Beauregard looked on 
the selection as providential for the Confederates, his fear having 
been that the landing might be made on James Island. He says, 
in his ''Military Operations '' : "It was fortunate that the new 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 137 

commanding general, in whose engineering ability the North 
greatly relied, preferred making his attack by Morris Island 
instead of on the broad and weak front of James Island, where he 
might have penetrated our long, attenuated line and have taken 
Charleston in flank and rear. Nothing then could have prevented 
Sumter from falling, for there is no doubt that General Gillmore 
would have immediately increased the armament at and around 
Fort Johnson, and have then completely commanded the inner 
harbor. The possession of Charleston, and of all the South Caro- 
lina seacoast, would have followed as a necessary sequence." 

Preparations were finally completed for the attack. General 
Terry went up the Stono with 3,000 men and made a feint of 
occupying James Island, landing a force under cover of the gun- 
boats, and carrying on threatening operations until the 17th, when 
he retired his force to Folly and Morris Islands. The night of 
July 9th, General Strong's brigade embarked in launches manned 
by sailors and were rowed to a position from which, on the opening 
of the batteries on Folly Island, they could be rowed swiftly across 
Light House Inlet, six hundred yards wide, and land on Oyster 
Point, the southern end of Morris Island. At sunrise the batter- 
ies and the monitors that had crossed the bar in the night opened 
sixty guns on the Confederate positions. Strong's brigade was 
quickly across the inlet, had soon landed and driven the Confed- 
erates from the works on the lower end of the island, and by ten 
o'clock was before Fort AVagner. Here the line halted. It has 
been said that a vigorous movement would have carried the fort at 
this time. 

During the day and night a ponton bridge was thrown across 
the inlet, and troops were crossed and placed in position for an 
assault on Wagner. The assault was made in the early morning 
of the 11th by three regiments, but failed for want of cooperation. 

After this repulse General Gillmore determined to erect batter- 
ies, and breach the sand parapets of Wagner before venturing 
another assault. This work was immediately begun, and went on 
day and night under the Confederate fire, until on the 18th of 
July, after a most terrific twelve hours' bombardment of Wagner 
by the fleet and the shore batteries, the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts 
(colored), 650 strong, assaulted the fort, but was beaten back with 
heavy loss, Colonel Shaw dying on the parapet. Then Strong's 
brigade, supported by Putnam's, assaulted the fort on the sea- 



138 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

shore salient, and after a desperate conflict, in which a body of 
men of the Forty-eighth New York and the Sixth and Seventh 
Connecticnt Regiments penetrated the fort and gained the south- 
west bastion, the assailants were defeated with heavy loss. Gen- 
eral Strong was mortally wounded, Colonel Putnam killed, and 
General Seymour, in immediate command of the assailing force, 
was wounded. The historian of the Forty-eighth New York says 
that General Gillmore seems to have been too far in the rear to 
have brought forward reenforcements promptly. 

At a dinner of an association of officers of the Department of 
the South, that was given in New York in April, 1892, Captain 
Luis F. Emitio spoke of the operations of the Army of the South 
before Fort Wagner. He said that the assault was determined 
upon by General Gillmore on the supposition that the armament 
of the fort had been broken by the previous bombardment, which 
supposition was not verified in so far as he could learn before the 
assault was ordered. And then, instead of one constant attack, the 
forces were thrown upon the parapet in three divisions, with an 
interval of time between each. Thus the enemy were given time 
to rally, which they made excellent use of. Then the troops were 
massed three-quarters of a mile from the works, while it is an 
axiom of warfare to mass as closely as possible to the point of attack. 
The assault was made just as night was coming on, another 
departure from military custom. In fact, that all the details 
which are necessary to insure a successful assault were neglected. 

After this failure Wagner was regularly besieged, with the result 
that it and Morris Island were abandoned by the Confederates on 
the night of the 6th of September, nearly three months after the 
landing of Strong's brigade. 

While the siege of Wagner was in progress. General Gillmore 
devised the building of the marsh battery now known as the 
" Swamp Angel." Its position was in the swamp between Morris 
and James Islands, and so strongly to the upper end of both that 
it could range by the upper end of James Island and throw shells 
into the city. The story ran that when the engineer who con- 
structed this battery was ordered to report on its feasibility, and 
to state his requirements, he called for ''one hundred men, 
eighteen feet higli, to wade through mud sixteen feet deep." But, 
nevertheless, he built the battery, largely at night — built it of logs 
and of bags filled with sand. Captain Newcomb sets down in his 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 139 

diary that it took "the equivalent of 3,000 days' work, and 7,000 
bags of sand and 300 logs,'' to construct the battery, and that 
afterwards "nearly 2,000 bags of sand were added to it." 

When it was completed, and the big gun placed in position — no 
light undertaking, it having to be taken across the marsh in a 
scow at night and when the tide served — then Lieutenant Sell- 
mer and his detachment from our regiment went into the battery 
to man it. Probably the fact that Lieutenant Sellmer was known 
to be an able artillerist, having served for some years in the regular 
artillery, led to the selection of himself and men for this service. 

We have received from Colonel Sellmer the following state- 
ment of the experiences of the detachment at the siege of Wagner, 
and in the Swamp Angel Battery. It is a most interesting account 
of the difficulties and dangers these members of our regiment 
underwent before the regiment reached Morris Island, and renders 
generous testimony to their gallantry and zeal in another branch 
of service than the one in which they had enlisted. 

*' Operations of the Artillery Detachment of the Eleventh Maine 
at the Siege of Fort Wagner, in the S?ca77ip Angel Batter g, 
and in the Bomhardment of Fort Sumten. 

"After the capture of the lower part of Morris Island by the 
Union forces. Fort Wagner, a strong bastioned earth fort, barred 
the way. It was gallantly and unsuccessfully assaulted, and the 
slow process of a regular siege was forced upon the Union troops. 
Trained and practical artillerymen being very much needed. First 
Lieutenant Charles Sellmer, of Company D, Eleventh Maine, who 
had served nine years in the United States Artillery, one year of it 
at tiie Artillery School at Fortress Monroe, Va., received orders 
from Department Headquarters to proceed at once from Fernan- 
dina, Florida, to Morris Island with a volunteer detachment from 
his regiment, to there report for duty in heavy artillery service. 

"In obedience to that order, the detachment left Fernandina on 
the 22d of July, 1863. It consisted of the following officers and 
men : First Lieutenant Charles Sellmer, of Company D, com- 
manding the detachment ; Second Lieutenant Charles H. Foster, 
of Company K ; Corporal Asa W. Googing, Privates Henry Albee, 
Ruben C. Bunker, Joseph M. Munson, Edward Noyes, Charles 
E. Urann, and Benjamin D. Willey, of Company C ; Corporals 



140 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Ira Weymoutli and Franklin C. Eowe, Privates Moses M. Burse, 
Charles H. Ham, Bradley L. Kimball, Robert H. Nowell, Horace 
B. Slierbuni, Major D. Smith, Jesse E. Stone, and John D, Wal- 
ton, of Company E ; Private Joseph F. Estes, Company F ; Ser- 
geant George Payne, Corporal Judson E. Moon, Privates Samuel 
F. Bennett, Thomas J. Holmes, Nathaiiiel Hooper, Charles W. 
Royal, and James H. Taylor, of Company Gr ; Sergeants Audrew 
B. Erskineand Charles Knowles, Corporals Cyrus E. Bussey, Amos 
R. Pushaw, and John F. Buzzell, Privates Lorenzo D. Bickford, 
Roger A. Erskine, George C. Gould, John Green, David Peabody, 
Levi Pooler, Charles 0. Varney, George Warrick, Samuel V. 
Wentworth, and Warren L. Whittier, of Company K. 

"After a few days of uneventful journey, the detachment arrived 
at its destination, and went into camp near Department Head- 
quarters. On the following day it was divided into two parties : 
one under command of Lieutenant Sellmer, and the other under 
Lieutenant Foster, each proceeding to the trenches to take part 
in the siege operations, relieving parties of the Third Rhode 
Island Artillery in manning and working 10-iuch siege mortar 
batteries, and thereafter taking turns with the Rhode Island men 
every other day, on§ day in the trenches, the following day in 
camp, but always within range of the rebel batteries. And it was 
most gratifying to their commander to see how coolly and unhesi- 
tatingly they went into action, how carelessly they took their first 
introduction to artillery work under a heavy artillery fire, and 
how rapidly and thoroughly they learned to use their new kind of 
firearms. 

''The detachment left camp and marched to their batteries a 
short time before sundown of each day. Of course, the rebels 
were well aware of that fact, and that trench giiards and working 
parties were also going to the front at that time of day ; conse- 
quently that was the time when they opened from Wagner, Gregg, 
Moultrie, and Johnson, with all the guns available. The beach 
close to the water's edge, the only practicable road, was then 
crowded with detachments going to the front or returning to 
camp, and was kept hot and alive with shrieking, bursting shells, 
bounding, screaming, ricochet shots, accompanied by the 'je 
wiss, je wiss,' of the mortar shells which showered their frag- 
ments over the beach and batteries. During all this time our 
own batteries were firing away for dear life, trying to silence the 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 141 

fire of Fort Wagner. The general orders to the battery command- 
ers were, to open fire whenever Fort Wagner did, and to keep it 
up until Wagner's fire was silenced. 

''Under these interesting and exciting circumstances the men 
received their first instruction in serving siege mortars, for the 
old detachment of the Ehode Island Artillery had rushed off for 
camp just as soon as the Eleventh Maine detachment had entered 
the battery. And after half an hour's instruction and actual 
practice they were able to return the compliments of Fort Wag- 
ner with telling effect, Judging from the fragments and clouds of 
dust and sand thrown up into tiie air after every shot into Fort 
Wagner, and from the rapid slackening of Wagner's fire. 

" After a few weeks of practice with the siege mortars the camp 
was changed farther to the front, and the detachment was as- 
signed to take charge of the only 10-inch seacoast mortar bat- 
tery (Kirby) in use during the siege. 

'* This battery was thrown up for bombarding Fort Sumter, as 
well as Wagner, Gregg, and Johnson. It was 4,550 yards from 
Fort Sumter, or 250 yards farther than the ' Heavy Artillery 
Tactics' gave as the extreme range of these guns, yet by judicious 
handling and manipulation its shells were dropped into Fort 
Sumter for four days, until on the 21st of August a storm 'dead 
ahead' made them fall short, compelling the battery to cease 
firing for the first time. 

" About this time General J. W. Turner, Chief of Artillery, gave 
instructions to Lieutenant Sellmer to take charge of the marsh 
battery in addition to the seacoast mortar battery, and to jjrepare 
it to open fire upon the city of Charleston at ten o'clock that 
evening, aiming the gun at St. Michael's Church steeple. ' Marsh 
Battery ' was the official designation of the battery, but the 
soldiers named it the 'Swamp Angel,' and by that name alone 
is it known to the general public. It was about 8,000 yards from 
the city, built in the marsh on the left and front of the Union 
batteries, and near a creek, by which it could be reached at high 
tide from Light House Inlet. The battery consisted of an epaul- 
ment made of sand bags, supported by a grillage composed of 
round logs, crossing each other at right angles, in two layers, and 
resting on the surface of the marsh. In this grillage, in rear of 
the epaulment, there was a rectangular opening large enough to 
receive the platform of the gun. This opening was surrounded 



142 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

by sheathing piles, which reached through the mud into the 
solid substrata of sand. Within this rectangular space layers of 
marsh grass, canvas, and sand were packed, on which base rested 
a close-fitting sub-platform of planks. On these planks the gun 
platform was placed. The platform and the epaulment Avere 
therefore independent of each other, so that subsidence or dis- 
placement of the one would not necessarily involve that of the 
other. This will explain the rocking and swaying of the gun 
and platform, when firing the gun, that some of the men serving 
the ' Swamp Angel ' gun could not understand. The Swamp 
Angel battery connected with the other batteries, and was 
approached by a plank walk about half a mile long, consisting of 
a single plank resting upon frail trestles driven into the mud just 
far enough to keep the planks above high-water mark, as every 
tide overflowed the whole extent of the marsh, leaving only the 
tops of the marsh grass visible, occasionally even raising the 
planks a little from the trestles. At a distance, a person upon 
this walk would appear as if standing upon the top of the marsh 
grass, looming up as tall as a church steeple. 

" While Lieutenant Sellmer was going to the Swamp Angel 
battery in order to ascertain its condition and requirements, he 
was fired upon by the guns of ' Fort Simpkins,' situated on 
James Island, and about one thousand yards to the left of the 
plank walk. The firing was kept up until he had reached the 
battery, where he found a small guard in charge of a solitary gun, 
that was mounted upon an iron carriage, with chassis. The gun 
proved to be a 200-pound Parrott rifle. Its weight was 1G,300 
pounds ; weight of carriage and chassis, 8,000 pounds ; diameter 
of bore, 8 inches ; weight of shot, 200 pounds ; weight of shell, 
175 pounds ; service charge, 16 pounds of powder ; charge used, 
20 pounds of powder. To prepare the battery for service, shells, 
powder cartridges, Greek fire, primers, implements, and equip- 
ments had to be procured from the Ordnance Depot and trans- 
ported by our men to Light House Inlet, and from there in boats 
to the battery. The tide was low at the time, and the boats did 
not get to the battery until nearly one o'clock in the morning of 
the 22d of August. To avoid accidents to the boats, the car- 
tridges — twenty pounds of powder in a woolen bag — were carried 
to the battery on the shoulders of the men over the plank walk. 

'MVhile Lieutenant Sellmer was returning^ from the batterv in 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 143 

the morning, he hud taken the bearings of St. Michaers steeple 
from a suitable point by the aid of a pocket compass, as neither 
the city nor St. Michael's steeple could be seen from the battery. 
It was by this means that the gun was aimed at the city, and 
chalked in that position. Tliis is the only instance on record in 
which a gun was aimed at an invisible object and at such a great 
distance by a compass. After the boats had arrived they were 
unloaded and sent back to the inlet with the superfluous men. 
Shells were then cleaned and loaded, and everything put in order 
as rapidly as possible. It was just half-past one o'clock in the 
morning of August 22, 18G3, when the first shell sped over the 
rebel batteries on James Island into the city. The fire bells were 
heard after the second shot. It had struck a Government medical 
purveyor's storehouse, and had set it on fire. The rebels re- 
sponded to the firing with two 10-inch seacoast mortars from 
Fort Johnson, on James Island. Evidently, none of their otlier 
batteries were garrisoned during the night. 

'' At every shot fired from the Swamp Angel gun the whole struc- 
ture swayed to and fro as if it were a vessel afloat. The jiintle 
block holding the gun-carriage in place moved gradually from the 
epaulment with each shot, until after the sixteenth shot it had 
gotten back nearly three feet. This condition made it necessary 
to cease firing for fear of dismounting the gun, or disabling the 
battery altogether. The following morning the Chief Engineer, 
Colonel Edward W. Serrell, of the First New York Volunteer 
Engineers, inspected the damage, and asked for two days' time in 
which to make the necessary repairs. In the meantime a steamer 
came from the city under a flag of truce, protesting against the 
bombardment without due notice to non-combatants to leave the 
city. General Gillmore gave them until ten o'clock of the follow- 
ing night, August 23d, assuring them that the firing would be 
resumed at that hour. 

" On the ijiorning of the 23d the enemy, presumably with the 
intention of making the resumption of the firing on that day im- 
possible, opened with all the guns and mortars they could bring 
to bear upon the "Swamp Angel' and its approaches. At noon 
of that day Lieutenant Sellmer, with six men of the Eleventh 
Maine detachment, started for the battery to prepare the ammuni- 
tion, timing the passage of the plank walk between twelve and 
one o'clock, when the enemy's batteries usually ceased firing, pre- 



144 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

sumably for the purpose of giving the artillerymen time for their 
dinners. In this way the party reached the ' Swamp Angel ' 
without being fired upon, but had hardly entered it when the fir- 
ing was resumed, and a vicious fire kept up on the ' Swamp Angel ' 
until sunset. This was the time designated to Lieutenant Foster to 
start for the ' Swamp Angel ' with the other men required — ten 
— each carrying cartridges as before. This party also reached the 
battery without being fired upon, but from that time until sunrise 
of the following morning the firing was kept up without inter- 
mission. 

" All preparations for opening fire had been made before sunset, 
consequently the party was forced to await the arrival of ten 
o'clock in utter inactivity. For over four hours they sat around 
the battery, seated upon loaded shells, watching the enemy's pro- 
jectiles as they approached. 'The course of the mortar shells was 
a particular item of interest. These would ascend high into the 
air, the fuze scintillating and twinkling, marking their course very 
distinctly and impressively. They would apparently stop for a 
moment in their course, and then descend with an ever-increasing 
speed, the fuze glimmering threateningly in the dim light of the 
moon, and the 'je wiss, je wiss ' sound, caused by the action of 
the air upon the projection of the wooden fuze-plug and the ears 
of the shell, was in no way reassuring to the watchers. Each indi- 
vidual imagined that the shell was going straight for him ; and 
well he might, for the battery was very contracted in size, not 
more than ten feet of sj^ace across its largest part. (It was built 
in the shape of a horseshoe.) The mortar-firing was very good, 
but luckily not a single shell burst in the air, all striking quite 
near enough, but sinking into the mud before exploding. Mud- 
spattering was the only damage caused by them. 

'" When it was nearly ten o'clock the gun was made ready, loaded 
and elevated, primer in vent and lanyard taut. The moon disap- 
peared below the horizon about the same instant that the com- 
mand, ' Fire,' despatched the seventeenth siiell towards the 
besieged city. The enemy's batteries, as if enraged at their 
inability to stop the bombardment of the city in spite of their 
endeavors to do so, now redoubled their fire, until there was not an 
instant in which there was not some deadly messenger on its mis- 
sion of destruction or exj^loding in close proximity to the battery. 
The 'Swamp Angel' was now shrouded in utter darkness, lighted 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 145 

up only momentarily by the discbarge of the gun, or some ex- 
ploding rebel shell, while the words of command, a hissing shot or 
exploding shell, was the only interruption of the deepest silence. 
Several of our shells had exploded before leaving the gun, scatter- 
ing the tubes containing the much-vaunted composition of Greek 
fire into the marsh grass, but no trace of the terrible effects prom- 
ised could be seen. After the sixth shot the gunner called out, 
^I can't get the priming wire down, sir !' Examining the vent, 
it was found that the gun had moved in its jacket — the wrought- 
iron band shrunk around the breech of a Parrott gun ! Although 
the priming wire would not go down, there was still sufficient 
space to ignite the charge with the primer. The gun was injured 
beyond redemption ; it might burst at any discharge. In order to 
get all possible service out of it. Lieutenant Sellmer decided to fire 
the gun until it burst. The men were then cautioned to go out- 
side of the battery at the command, ' Eeady,' so as to be out of 
danger when it should burst. Number four, who discharged the 
gun, was given two lanyards tied together, that he might be pro- 
tected by the epaulment. In this way the service of the gun 
continued. At the twentieth round fired that night. Lieutenant 
Sellmer desired to know the time of night, in order to calculate 
the rapidity of the firing. Watch in hand, he placed himself on 
the left side of the gun, so as to see the time by the flash of 
the discharge. He gave the command, 'Fire.' Instantly the 
whole battery was one sheet of flame. The Parrott gun had 
burst. 

''Lieutenant Sellmer's left ear bled from an internal injury, and 
his hair, eyebrows, and mustache were singed. Number four 
(Walton) had the knuckles of his right hand cut by one of the 
flying bolts of the carriage, and Private Moses M. Burse was groan- 
ing in the mud in rear of the gun. He had not gone sufficiently 
outside the battery, and was struck across the thighs by a piece of 
timber with which the chassis had been blocked up. Private 
Charles H. Ham was slightly wounded. Upon examination of the 
gun, it was discovered that the breech in rear of the vent had been 
blown clear out of its jacket, through the chassis and scaffolding, 
and plunged into the mud. The gun itself had died like a soldier, 
face to the foe. It had pitched itself forward upon the epaulment, 
clear out of the carriage, and in nearly the same position as when 
ready to be fired. The shot itself went smoothly to the city, as if 
10 



146 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

nothing had happened to the gun. No wonder the rebel batteries 
kept up their fire at it for the two succeeding days, evidently fearing 
it might go off again. So it did, but not in the way they feared. 
It was removed and replaced by a seacoast mortar, but that was 
never fired. 

" The firing was at an end for that night, and as it was impor- 
tant that Burse, who suffered considerably from his wounds, 
should receive prompt medical attention, volunteers were called 
for to go for a boat. Sergeant George Payne and Private Bradley 
L. Kimball oifered their services, and departed on the plank walk 
for the boat at Light House Inlet. These two men were awarded 
medals by General Gillmore for this act, upon the recommenda- 
tion of Colonel Plaisted and the testimony of Lieutenant Sell- 
mer. After the boat had arrived at the little dock in front of the 
battery, the wounded man was carried to it, and all the detachment 
embarked; all this under a heavy fire, but camp was reached before 
daylight without any further casualty. 

" It is certainly very remarkable that, from all the firing from 
the rebel batteries upon the ' Swamp Angel,' not a man should 
have been injured by their fire. There were two 10-inch Colum- 
biads and four 10-inch mortars at Fort Johnson, four field pieces 
at Battery Simpkins, and three or four field pieces in the edge of 
the woods between Simpkins and Fort Johnson. Their firing was 
excellent, not at all ' Avild,' but the programme was badly planned. 
Had they used shorter fuzes in their mortar shells, exploding them 
over the 'Swamp Angel,' the result would have been disastrous 
to the detachment ; on the other hand, had their Columbiads been 
served with solid shot, or shells with a longer-time fuze, they must 
have demolished the light epaulment or dismounted the gun, be- 
sides inflicting heavy loss upon the gun detachment. Instead of 
doing this, they burst their shells most beautifully in front of the 
battery, deluging it with fragments which could do no harm, 
owing to precautions taken. A lookout was stationed to observe 
the Columbiads only, as the field pieces and mortars were not 
minded at all, though the shots of the former struck the battery 
several times, and the shells of the latter never dropped far from 
it. At the flash of the Columbiads the lookout gave warning, and 
the men, no matter what they were doing at the time, prom])tly 
covered themselves behind the epaulment until the fragments had 
passed. The men had to be quick, for hardly had the warning 



THE SIEGE OF CHAKLESTON. 147 

call been made when the shell would be bursting before the bat- 
tery, so near was the rebel battery. 

" The destructive effects produced by the bombardment of 
Charleston were all small, as far as actual damage was concerned ; 
the moral effect was immense, all that had been expected from it, 
but most important were the scientific results, for it was the dawn- 
ing of a new era for the artillery of the world. 

" The detachment of the Eleventh Maine was now transferred to 
and encamped on Black Island, where a battery of four guns had 
been prepared for further bombardment of the city. Four shots 
were fired by the Eleventh Maine into the city from that battery ; 
further firing was discontinued, because the evacuation of Morris 
Island by the rebels allowed other batteries to be established much 
nearer to and in plain view of the city. The whole regiment now 
arriving at Morris Island, the detached men were returned to their 
companies, but still served as artillerists, with the addition of other 
men from the regiment, all under command of Lieutenant Sell- 
ner. They now served four seacoast mortars in Battery Chatfield 
and two siege mortars in Battery Putnam, and continued to do so 
until the bombardment of Sumter was discontinued, when the 
detachments were relieved from further duty as artillerists, and 
returned to their companies at Fort Wagner and on Black Island. 

" The men, while on duty with the detachments under the com- 
mand of Lieutenant Sellmer, merited and received the highest 
praise from that officer for their soldierly qualities, intelligence, 
bravery, coolness under fire, and prompt obedience under all 
circumstances. They, their relatives and descendants, may well 
feel proud of their records, and the knowledge that their duty 
was faithfully, honestly, and willingly performed. 

(Signed,) "Charles Sellmer, 

"Late Captain Co. B, 11th Me. Infantry, 
"Brevet Colonel U. S. Vols." 

No other gun was mounted in this battery until in the spring 
of 1864, when the diaries of Morton and Maxfield state that a 
fatigue party engaged in mounting guns on the "Swamp Angel " 
was shelled by the rebel batteries. Newcomb notes that it con- 
tained two 10-inch mortars when he picketed it. Sellmer's 
detachment was ordered to Black Island, from which point they 
rejoined the regiment on the 11th of October. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

THE KEGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHAKLESTON". 

Turning Wagner and Gregg under the Enemy's Fire — Hard Fatigue and 
Guard Duty — The Confederate Fleet — Its Attack ou our Fleet — Tor- 
pedo Boats — The Sinking of the Weeliawhen — Detachments of the 
Eleventh for Artillery Service — Experiences as Gunners in Battery 
Chatfield — Odd Escapes — Fun with a Captain — A Shell Breaks into 
our Magazine — Casualties — Night Bombardments — Attempt to Storm 
Sumter — The Artillery Detachments Return to the Regiment — 
Aggressive Work closed for the Season. 

We left the regiment marching up the broad, firm beach of 
Morris Ishmd. It went into camp about half-way up the island. 
From here details of men for fatigue duty and "grand guard" 
were sent to the upper end of the island. The fatigue work con- 
sisted largely in rebuilding Forts Gregg and Wagner, turning 
them so as to bring the guns we were mounting in them to bear 
upon the enemy's batteries on James and Sullivan's Islands. 
Sumter had been battered out of defensive power before we 
reached the island, and, but for a gun now and then fired from it, 
was a silent ruin. But, from something like sentimental reasons, 
Sumter was still the central point of offense and defense, the rebel 
flag still flying defiantly over its ruined bastions, the garrison 
burrowing in bomb-proofs that every shell of ours but added to 
the strength of, crumbling and tumbling the broken stonework 
in yet deeper depths above its garrison. From these burrows the 
garrison watched for night sallies from shore and fleet, and by 
the aid of the enfilading fire of the guns of James and Sullivan's 
Islands succeeded in beating off all that were made. 

As the fatigue parties worked with shovel and spade in the sand 
of Fort Wagner and of Battery Gregg, the lookouts on the para- 
pets would see a round cloud of white smoke fly into the air, from 
James Island perhaps. Then, with a cry of '^ James Island," they 
would leap from the parapets to cover, while the busy shovelers 
would scatter for shelter, instinctively taking cover under the sand 
walls next James Island till the projectile, shot or shell, from gun 



THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 149 

or mortar, had exploded and the fragments had buried themselves 
deep in the sand. Or the cry would be "Sullivan," then the 
cover was sought for under the sand walls next that island. 
As soon as the danger was over, all rushed back to their work 
again. But sometimes this enfilading 6re would become so vig- 
orous as to force the men to quit work for a time and take 
shelter in the great bomb-proofs and magazines, built of squared 
logs, banked and heaped with such depths of sand that even the 
fifteen-inch shells of the ironclads had failed to make any impres- 
sion on them during the bombardment. All this time our own 
batteries on Morris Island were keeping up a steady fire upon 
Sumter and the other rebel fortifications, the fleet taking advan- 
tage of good weather to leave their stations outside the rebel line 
of fire, steam in, and join in the bombardment. 

Another duty consisted in furnishing men for picket. These 
were stationed at night at various points to keep a sharp lookout 
for attempts that might be made to land and attack our works. 
Some were stationed on the ''Swamp Angel" battery, which, as 
Colonel Sellmer states, was connected with Morris Island by a 
long plank walk built across the marsh. (Black Island was con- 
nected with Morris by a similar walk that was a mile long.) A 
picket post was stationed at Payne's Dock, formerly a floating 
rebel four-gun battery. Army picket boats cruised along the 
upper shore of Cumming's Point, and along Vincent's Creek, 
every night, while the fleet would send an ironclad in at night, 
from which naval pickets were sent out in boats, and in the 
bomb-proofs of Gregg and Wagner a ''grand guard" of a few 
hundred men was usually .stationed at night, to repel any 
assaulting column that might attempt the recapture of these 
works. 

Captain Maxfield, then acting as Sergeant-Major, has noted 
that for a part of the time we furnished a hundred men for 
fatigue duty during the day, and at night fifty men for picket ; 
and that this demand grew until in November there was a call 
for 235 men for picket and grand-guard duty, of which we could 
furnish but 178 men, after taking out the camp guard, our force 
reported for duty numbering but 275 men all told. This was 
November 8th. The duty had grown harder even than it was 
when Morton noted, October 17th : "The boys seldom get 
twenty-four hours off fatigue or grand guard now." 



150 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

The Confederates picketed the waters of the harbor and the 
mouths of the creeks still in their possession. They had a small 
naval force — a few ships and two rams. Maxfield notes, October 
20th : " Some vessels came from Charleston to Fort Sumter. 
One appeared to be an ironclad ram of no small proportions." 
General Beauregard's " Military Operations " speaks of two iron- 
clad gunboats — rams — the Palmetto State and the Cliicora, and 
of three small harbor steamers which served the rams as tenders. 
The only aggressive movement made by this fleet was on January 
30, 1863. The rams, accompanied by their tenders, steamed 
out on a clear day, when the water was in a most smooth and pro- 
pitious condition, and attacked the blockading fleet, of which the 
ablest boats were away. The rams dispersed the fleet, after 
disabling two or three of the vessels, two of which struck their 
colors, but were left behind when the rams steamed back to 
Charleston. Beauregard says the Confederate lack of naval 
enterprise was owing to the weakness of the machinery of the 
rams and their great draught of water, stating also that neither 
could be looked upon as entirely seaworthy. They certainly 
played a very inconspicuous part in General Beauregard's very 
energetic and successful defense of the city of Charleston. 

Further than this sally, the naval efforts of tlie Confederates 
against our fleet were confined to torpedo-boat attacks. On the 
night of the 21st of August, 1863, says Admiral Ammen, "a 
steam torpedo boat came out of Charleston and struck the 
Ii'onsides. A direct collision was not effected, and the electric 
current failed also. The boat, however, effected her retreat under 
a heavy fire from the Ironsides and other vessels." October 5th, a 
second attempt was made to blow up the Ironsides. Admiral 
Ammen says that a little after 9 p.m. a sentry saw a small object 
approaching the ship. It was hailed, no answer was received, and 
the sentry fired. Almost immediately the ship received a very 
severe shock from an explosion which threw a column of water upon 
the spar deck and into the engine room. "This tor])edo boat was 
shaped like a cigar, was fifty feet long and five feet in diameter, 
and so submerged that the only portion visible was the combing 
of her hatch, two feet above the water's surface and only ten feet 
in length." The same authority states that, about nine o'clock 
on the night of February 19, 1864, "an object was seen moving 
towards the Housatonic, a fine new vessel of war, lying outside 



THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 151 

Charleston bar, and some four miles from Moultrie. The ap- 
proaching object had the appearance of a plank upon the water. 
When seen it was one hundred yards distant ; in two minutes it 
had reached the ship. Within that time the chain cable had been 
slipped, and the engine backed, but it was too late. The torpedo 
struck the ship, exploded, and she sank immediately, but in such 
shallow water that the hammock nettings were just awash when 
tlie keel rested on the bottom. The crew took to the rigging, and 
was saved by boats from other blockaders, except a few drowned 
as the vessel went down. The torpedo boat went down with the 
Housatonic, drowning the four men that were in her." These 
are the most notable attempts made to use torpedo boats off 
Charleston. The Patapsco was sunk in January, 18G5, while 
dragging for torpedoes off Sumter, running on one and going 
down with sixty-two officers and men. 

The only other loss of a monitor, except that of the Keokuk, 
sunk in action April 7, 1863, was that of the Weeltmuken, 
which sank while fast to one of the mooring buoys placed inside 
the Cliarleston bar. This was the night of December 6, 1863, 
and we well remember our astonishment the next morning when 
we missed the well-known boat from the fleet. Four officers and 
twenty men went down in her. The cause of her sinking was, 
she was overloaded forward with an accumulation of shells, causing 
her to become so depressed forward that the water she was shipping 
through a neglected hawse-hole could not flow back to the steam 
pumps, but gathered in her hull and sank her by its weight. 

In the last days of October a detachment of the regiment was 
detailed for mortar service in Battery Chatfield, a work on Cum- 
ming's Point, and between Wagner and Gregg. This detachment 
was officered by Lieutenants Sellmer and Foster, and consisted of 
the men of companies C, E, F, G, and K who had served with 
these officers during the siege of Wagner, and in the Swamp An- 
gel battery. To these were added a number of men from Company 
D, of which the writer was one. And November 7th, Lieutenant 
Newcomb and several men were detailed for a similar service in 
Gregg or Putnam, this detachment soon becoming identified with 
the Chatfield detachment. Fort Wagner was rechristened Fori; 
Strong, and Gregg Putnam, but the original names could not be 
so easily displaced, and the works continued to bear them except 
in official papers. 



152 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

I see that Lieutenant Holt, of A, and a detachment of his com- 
pany served as artillerists too ; and that Captain Baldwin was in 
command of a detachment doing like service. As the work of all 
these detachments was of a similar character, the experiences of 
the one the writer was with iu Chatfield should illustrate the expe- 
rience of all. 

Our battery work was mainly directed against ruined Sumter. 
Day after day we trained the mortars on that crumbling fortress, 
sending their 10-inch shells high in air, to drop into Sumter and 
burst. After a shot was fired, it was watched through a field glass 
by an officer and its eifect noted ; whether it fell into the fort or 
outside of it, whether it burst in the air or after striking its ob- 
jective point, the men at work iii the magazine filling the flannel 
bags each charge of powder weighed out was inclosed in receiving 
orders to put in more or less powder as the effects of the shots were 
noted, and those cutting fuzes receiving their orders to cut them 
shorter or longer from the same observations. As one officer ob- 
served the effects of the shots, another would note on a prepared 
form the results given him by the officer in charge of the firing, 
thus keeping a tabulated statement of each day's work, the num- 
ber of shots fired, and their individual results. 

Sometimes these results were plain to all of us. A shot would 
fall into the fort, and a whirl of flying fragments of stone, or a 
leaping barbette caisson, would tell us just where it had struck 
and just what its effect was. And a few times we succeeded in 
our incessant endeavor to bowl down the rebel flag. But, to the 
credit of the garrison of Sumter it must be said, no sooner was 
it down than some brave fellow would mount the para^oet and set 
it flying again. 

There is rarely any considerable loss of life through artillery 
firing. While the singing of minie balls has an ominous sound 
in the ears of the most hardened veteran, the roar of a battery, 
except at close quarters when throwing grape and canister, is not 
very alarming to him. Why, at the great artillery duel at White 
Oak Swamp in June, 1862, our loss, except in artillerymen, was 
slight, and the artillerymen killed and wounded were mostly 
picked off by the rebel sharpshooters; and General "Dick^' 
Taylor, who commanded the Confederate troops immediately 
across the bridge, says that, severe as was our fire, their loss was 
but a small one. At the siege of Fort Pulaski the Confederate 



THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 153 

loss was only one killed and several wounded ; the Federal loss, 
one killed. And in all the wild uproar of thundering cannon 
and shrieking shells at the siege of Charleston our loss was ridicu- 
lously small, viewed from the standpoint of infantry engagements, 
the careful watch the outlooks kept from the safe places saving 
many lives and limbs. 

But there were several narrow escapes ; and some curious ones, 
too. How shall we account for that of Lieutenant Foster, who, 
after remaining comfortably seated for hours upon an empty 
ammunition box on the parapet of Ciiatfield, entirely ignoring 
the fast-coming shots of the enemy, suddenly rose and stepped 
off the parapet, and just as he stepped off it the box he had been 
seated on went into the air, struck by a piece of shell ? And then 
there is the experience of Private Darling, who, working at a 
mortar, suddenly stepped backward, and just in time to save him- 
self from being cut in two by the whistling copper bottom of a 
Brooks's rifle shell that went flying right across the spot he had 
just stood on. 

There were other escapes that might be mentioned ; that of 
the writer, for instance, who was seated on the top of a pyramid 
of mortar shells, waiting for an opportunity to deal out the con- 
tents of a canteen that rested against the base of a contiguous 
pyramid. I had sat there comfortably for a long time, regardless 
of shot and shell, but when a shell came rushing from Simpkins, 
something took me to my feet, and they hurried me to shelter. 
As I sped to the bomb-proof, the canteen of whiskey went flying 
into the air, struck by a piece of shell that must have passed 
right through my body had I kept my seat. I very much doubt 
if the honest grief so loudly expressed by our men for the loss of 
the whiskey would have been lavished on the writer had he kept 
his seat. Indeed, there were some who intimated that had I 
stayed at my post the whiskey would have been saved. 

We all became expert dodgers, could guess at the course of a 
shell by the shriek, and could see the round black spot that told 
of a mortar shell hastening towards us when it was high in the 
air, knowing well when it burst that it was prudent to wait in 
shelter until the pieces had fallen to the ground, never forgetting 
the last piece, the one probably thrown highest into the air by the 
bursting shell, to come straight down after all the rest of the 
broken iron had reached the ground. But the prouder of our 



154 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

men didn't flinch, naturally emulating Lieutenant Sellmer, who 
simply didn't pay any attention to shot or shell, just stepping 
around in liis rapid, striding way, without noticing any projectiles 
but his own. Nor did Captain Colwell, the commander of the 
detachment of the Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, manning 
the Parrott gun battery which formed part of the armament of 
Chatfield. One day this officer was walking the parapet, his 
usual i)ost in directing the firing of his battery, when a shell 
came screaming from Fort Johnson, struck in the parapet but a 
tew feet under him, and burst. A cloud of sand and smoke hid 
Colwell from us for a moment, but we were assured of his safety 
by the command, " Fire," that rang from out the cloud — the 
word that was on his lips when the shell burst, and that he coolly 
finished while standing in a position of imminent danger. As 
the big Parrott gun roared in obedience to his command, we 
dropped our handspikes, and gave him three cheers for his 
intrejDidity. 

We had our little jokes, too. Newcomb's diary records one. 
Cajjtain Colwell was firing on Moultrie from a 300-pound Parrott 
gun, and every time he would fire a shot Moultrie would respond 
from a 10-inch Columbiad, firing as the smoke from Colwell's 
discharge leaped into the air. The captain thought to fool them 
a little, so placed a charge of powder in the embrasure and set it 
off by a train, but, as Newcomb tells it, " Mr. Rebel was not to 
be deceived by any such shallow device, and reserved his shot 
until the Parrott gun really spoke, when he answered as usual." 

A captain of one of the regiments that was encamped on the 
island haunted our battery for a few days. He was on a bit of a 
spree, to be plain, and liquor made him so bellicose that he made 
his way to the front and into danger. He was particularly inter- 
ested in our mortar fire, and soon became anxious to send a mor- 
tar shell flying all by himself ; a not at all difficult operation, as 
he could see — just to pull a lanyard that was hooked into the 
friction primer thrust into a "vent hole " of a mortar. So per- 
sistent was he that at last the sergeant in charge of the firing 
party of the day gave his consent, and the boys gatiiered around 
to see the fun. They knew that the captain did not know that 
the one pulling the lanyard should take care to lift himself on his 
toes, opening his mouth a little at the same time to break the 
force of the concussion. The captain took hold of the lanyard. 



THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 155 

braced his feet firmly, cliuched liis teeth, and at the word, " Fire," 
pulled manfully. A more horrified face you never saw, as a tem- 
pest-like shock went flying through his nervous system, fairly 
paralyziug him for a few moments. As he recovered himself, and 
looked around at the grinning faces, he realized that he had been 
made the victim of a joke. He grated liis teeth, scowled diaboli- 
cally, flung the lanyard aside, and strode stagily campward, not 
deigning to cast a glance at his now loudly laughing tormentors. 

But we had our day of woe. On the 8tli of December a 10- 
inch mortar shell, thrown from Sullivan's Island, struck the roof 
of the passageway leading to our magazine, and breaking through 
exploded, exploding a loaded shell that lay in the passageway. 
There were eight or nine men in the magazine at the time. For 
a moment, we that were outside the magazine were panic-stricken, 
expecting the magazine, in which we had many barrels of powder 
stored, to blow up, for some of the barrels were unheaded. But, 
fortunately, the shells were so surrounded with the tons of sand 
that poured into the magazine through the opening that their 
bursting flames were completely smothered, and did not touch a 
grain of exposed powder. We hastened to dig our buried men 
out, and found that Corporal Horace F. Albee, of Company C, 
had been killed by a piece of shell, that Private Bradley L. Kim- 
ball, of Company E, was mortally wounded, and that Sergeant 
John Howard, of Company K, Corporal Bearce, Privates Maddox 
and Bragdon, of Company D, were more or less severely injured. 

We worked at our batteries during the day only, as a rule, 
returning to the regimental camp each night, leaving the batteries 
to be defended from any attempt of the enemy to occupy them 
by the heavy and light guns of direct fire, and by the infantry 
force that was marched up the island each night and ensconsed 
in the bomb-proofs of Wagner and Gregg. But such an attack 
never came, the Confederates contenting themselves with long- 
range demonstrations, frequently indulging in a heavy night- 
shelling of our works, as if to cover a landing. On these nights 
the air would be full of artillery pyrotechnics, the flaring of burst- 
ing shells, and the sparkling arcs of mortar shells with their 
flaming fuzes, described by an old writer, one of the witnesses of 
the siege of Yorktown in 1781, as "fiery meteors with flaming 
tails, most beautifully brilliant" — a fine exhibition for those out 
of range. Lieutenant Newcomb's diary describes such an exhibi- 



156 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

tion, as seen by him from the regimental camp : '' I was aroused 
by the dull, heavy sound of a Parrott gun speaking to the rebel 
city. It was immediately answered by a shot from James Island, 
and then another came from Moultrie, then another and another. 
I went upon rising ground in the camp, and watched the scene. 
It was very bright moonlight, and the rapid flashes of the guns 
and tlie glare of the bursting shells made a very impressive 
sight." 

The heavy shelling we gave Sumter during November and the 
early part of December had a purpose, of course. It was to so 
destroy that fort as a place of shelter as to force its garrison to 
abandon it, or to so destroy their means of resistance as to enable 
us to storm it with a chance of success. Tbe only attempt to 
storm Sumter that had been made as yet was that of September 
8th, when 450 picked men of the navy essayed its capture by a 
night attack. Several boat-loads of our naval forces effected a 
landing, but were met with such a fire of musketry, hand gre- 
nades, grape and canister — the enemy's batteries, with their gun- 
boats, opening fire from all quarters — that all who landed were 
either killed or taken prisoners. There were rumors afloat from 
the beginning of November that on this and that night a deter- 
mined attack would be made on the fort. Morton states that on 
the night of October 30th the Seventh Connecticut went into 
boats to storm Sumter, but that the order was revoked before 
they put off, and that on the night of November 2d a boat recon- 
noissance of the fort was made, a party reaching it undiscovered, 
bringing several bricks away, one of which Colonel Plaisted sent 
North by Major Spofford, who went home on leave the 3d of 
November. Newcomb notes, November 18th : '' On our way to 
the front this morning we heard musketry, and it turned out that 
our picket boats had been close up to Sumter, and had exchanged 
shots with the garrison." 

The 20th of November, another effort was made to seize the 
fort. A force of infantry moved out in barges, under convoy of 
the naval picket boats, but were discovered and driven back. 
Newcomb describes this effort : " Turned out with my detach- 
ment at one o'clock this morning to go to the front, as an attack 
was to be made on Sumter. Our mortars might be needed. The 
assaulting column was seen and fired on by the garrison just as 
we reached Fort Cregg. We could see the flashes of musketry 



THE KEGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 157 

from the fort. They looked like sparks from a chimney. The 
firing lasted about five minutes, and during it Johnson and 
Moultrie began to ricochet shot over the water, enfilading the 
fort. Then Moultrie opened on Gregg, and firing was kept up 
until morning. As the musketry ceased we could see our boats 
rowing back past the Point to the rendezvous on the west side of 
the island." 

On the 20th of December we infantrymen on artillery service 
were ordered to return to our regiments. From this on, the siege 
operations were carried on listlessly, our cannonading having no 
special object except to cover our occupancy. In the words of 
Greneral Gillmore, our late bombardment of Sumter " ended all 
aggressive operations for the season against the defenses of 
Charleston." 



CHAPTER XVII. 

A WINTER ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 

Our Brigade Formation — A Military Execution — Garrisoning Fort Wag- 
ner and Black Island — The "Veteran Volunteers " go North — Inci- 
dents of Life in Fort Wagner and on Black Island — April Fool — Cli- 
matic Record — A High Tide and a Great Storm — The Dead Uncov- 
ered — Beauregard Bombards us to AfJect Operations in Florida — His 
Stratagem a Success — Experience with Shells — The Destruction of a 
Blockade Runner — Relieved, We Sail for Virginia. 

The following paragraphs from the diaries of our observing 
friends will round out the story of the Morris Island experience 
of our regiment. 

November loth — Morton: ''Eeviewof our brigade by General 
Terry. The brigade consists of the Ninth and Eleventh Maine 
and the Third, Fourth, and Seventh New Hampshire Regiments.'^ 
The brigade was commanded by Colonel Plaisted, except when 
he was on leave in the North, when it was (from December 12th 
to January 21st) by Colonel Bell, of the Fourth New Hampshire. 

November 15th — Maxfield : " The rebels opened on our works 
with all their batteries about eleven o'clock last night, which 
caused a general alarm, the long roll sounding all over the island, 
and the troops gathering under arms." December 5th — " There 
was a review of all the troops on Morris Island by General Gill- 
more this afternoon, our regiment holding the right of the line." 

December 10th — Newcomb : " Captain Baldwin's men picked 
up a bottle on the shore to-night. It was sealed and contained 
issues of the Charleston Courier, one of the 7th and one of the 
8th of the month. The one of the 8th stated that Longstreet is 
retiring from Knoxville. It contains a long list of removals in 
the city, probably out of range of our 100-pound Parrott, from 
which thirty shells were fired into the city last night. The terms 
of the daily, a half-sheet, were fifteen dollars for six months." 

The forces on the island were turned out December 17th to 
witness the execution of a deserter from the Third New Hamp- 
shire, who was captured while deserting, mistaking the camp of 



A WINTER ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 159 

the Ninth Maine, on Black Island, for a rebel camp on James 
Island. When he discovered his blunder he tried to pass himself 
off as a deserter from the rebels, but he was recognized by men of 
his own company, was tried by court-martial, and sentenced to be 
shot within forty-eight hours from the passing of the sentence. 
Morton's diary says, of this execution : " Attended by an escort 
under command of an officer (the firing party) and with a drum 
corps playing the dead march, he was taken down the lines, and 
out on the beach, where, blindfolded and kneeling on his coffin, 
he was shot dead. He was then laid on his coffin, stripped to the 
waist, and the troops were marched by him in column of com- 
panies. He was one of the conscripts and substitutes of whom 
large numbers have lately Joined the army here, and was thus 
summarily dealt with to deter others from making a like effort. 
It is said that this man had been in the rebel service, and had 
deserted and got North, where he had enlisted, securing a large 
bounty, and was trying to get back to his home when caught." 

December 25th — Maxfield : '' Shelling Charleston commenced 
before 1 o'clock a.m. A fire was seen burning in the city, and 
burned with great vigor till daylight. It is supposed to be the 
work of our shells. The rebels opened on our works vigorously. 
Private Pierce Laffin, of Company D, was severely wounded, a 
piece of shell striking the bayonets of some stacked rifles in Fort 
Wagner, one of the pieces of shattered steel penetrating his leg." 

On the first of January orders were received for the regiment to 
strike tents and enter Fort Wagner as its garrison, and the tents 
were down, when the order was countermanded. On the 23d of 
the month Companies B and D moved into the fort, bag and bag- 
gage. On the 30th about fifty recruits joined the regiment. 
Morton notes that a number were original members that had been 
discharged. He considers this body of recruits as " a fine-look- 
ing lot of men." Almost all entered Company A. 

On the 10th of February the eight companies, with the colors, 
were ordered to change their camp to Black Island, relieving the 
Ninth Maine. Companies C, E, F, and G moved over on the 
10th, and A, H, I, and K on the 11th, marching by way of the 
plank walk between Morris and Black Islands, which road i\rorton 
calls " a rather ticklish highway," expressing a wonder that " the 
rebels did not shell us while we were crossing." The baggage was 
carted to Oyster Point, and taken thence to Black Island in boats. 



160 THE STOEY OF ONE KEGIMENT. 

Morton states that the camp on Black Island was of small area, 
and under the fire of the enemy's batteries on James Island. 
Bomb-proofs were therefore necessary for the men's protection. 
The fort contained two guns. After a time a Quaker gun was 
made and mounted in an embrasure, to add dignity to the post in 
the eyes of the enemy. 

On the morning of the 12th of February, about half-past one 
o'clock, a general bombardment was commenced, and was kept up 
for some time on both sides. All the troops turned out under 
arms. But only two mortar shells were thrown at Black Island, 
one bursting over the camp, and one going over the island to bury 
itself in the marsh. 

In the afternoon of this day the "Veteran Volunteers," one 
hundred and one in number — the men who had reenlisted during 
the months of December and January — left for home to enjoy the 
furlough which was one of the inducements offered the men to 
reenlist. Captains Sabine, Lawrence, Nickels, and Mudgett, with 
Lieutenants Adams and Charles H. Foster, accompanied the veter- 
ans. In the latter part of February a distressing rumor gained 
ground in the regiment that the boat conveying these veterans 
north had gone down with all on board, but this rumor, to the great 
relief of their anxious comrades, was soon known to be unfounded. 

On the 20th of February Lieutenants Brannen and Stephen B. 
Foster discovered a torpedo anchored in the creek towards Seces- 
sion ville, and on the 21st Lieutenant Brannen and Adjutant Fox 
took it up and brought it to camp. February 27th, Lieutenant 
Brannen went scouting towards Secession ville in the afternoon, 
and was fired on by the rebel batteries, some of the shells striking 
so near as to throw mud over him. Black Island opened fire with 
its two guns to cover his retreat. 

Each Sunday divine services were held in a large tent, where 
bench seats were provided for the men — a necessary thing, Mor- 
ton says, ''as the services were usually preceded by the Chaplain 
reading the Articles of War.'' 

March 2Gth, a detachment of forty men, under Lieutenant Sell- 
mer, left Black Island to man Battery Purviance, on Oyster Point, 
the south end of Morris Island. On the 27th Dr. Woodman W. 
Eoyal arrived at the regiment, to serve it as an assistant surgeon. 
We may say, as Avell now as later on, that he did most effective 
service until mustered out. 



A WINTER ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 161 

On April 1st Maxfield commemorates that after firing a few 
shells at Black Island the rebels fired a blank cartridge by way of 
an April fool, causing the men to rush for shelter, to find no shot 
was coming to justify them in hugging the parapets and crowding 
into bomb-proofs ; and April 8th, that the rebels thrcAV up rockets 
and built fires on James Island in the evening, which led Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Spofford to anticipate an attack, and everything was 
placed in readiness to repel one. Sumter fired a salute on the 12th 
of the month in honor of the anniversary of its surrender to the 
Confederacy. 

The climatic record of the diaries may not be uninteresting. 
The weather of the early part of October was very fine. About 
the end of the month it turned cold, and Morton notes on the 
25th : " Cold, can hardly keep comfortable without a fire " ; 26th: 
''Cold, windy weather, very liigh tide, highest we have seen" ; 
28th : " Cold and rainy '' ; 30th : ''AYarm and pleasant again." 
It remained so for a few days, but, November 9th, he notes again: 
'^ Cold weather" ; 10th : " Cold and uncomfortable." It seems to 
have been pleasant from then until the last of November, then 
Maxfield notes, for the 29th : '' Wet and rainy, cleared off cold at 
night'" ; 30tii : ''So cold that water was frozen over in the pail" ; 
December 1st : "Quite cold." Then, after a few warm days, he 
notes for December 7th : " Rather cold ; the sand drifts as much 
as snow does in Maine." Then came variable mild weather until 
January 1st, when Maxfield notes: "A strong wind from the 
northeast and very cold. The sand flies as badly as snow does in 
the North, is worse than flying snow, for when sand blows into your 
eyes it doesn't melt "; January 2d : " Tremendously cold weather ; 
ink froze in the bottle." Then for a while came stormy, rainy 
weather ; cold and uncomfortable. February set in with pleasant 
weather, until the 18th, when Maxfield notes : " Quite a cold day, 
with a few spits of snow." For a few days it was cold and windy, 
then became pleasant again. 

The weather steadily improved, without much rain, until April 
4th, when there was a high tide and a strong sea. Maxfield notes, 
from Black Island : " Tide very high ; I passed over the regimental 
parade ground in a boat at high tide." Of this same flood New- 
comb notes in Fort Wagner : "A very high wind and heavy rain. 
A part of tiie stockade is washed away. A terrible sight outside 
the fort. More remains have been disinterred than by any pre- 
11 



162 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

vious storm." He writes, April 7th : ''The effect of the great 
storm is made disagreeably evident by the odor that arises from 
the uncovered bodies." 

A large number of men had been killed and buried around 
Wagner. The high tides and the storms that came in with 
winter had washed many bodies from their graves in the shifting 
sand before this. Newcorab noted, December 12th : " In going 
to the front in the morning we had to wait at several places for 
the water to retire, and then rnsh across before the next wave 
came booming in. Morris Island from the Beacon House to 
Gregg was but a series of small islands. The stockade in front of 
Wagner is washed away, together with the exterior slope of the 
parapet. Many bodies were washed out of their graves. I saw 
two skulls rolling in the surf, and while returning to camp saw 
three or four bodies lying between Wagner and Chatfield." 

One of the difficulties of getting water in Wagner and Chatfield 
was the trouble we had in sinking our wells (a barrel thrust its 
length into the sand) without piercing a grave. And it can be 
imagined that the water was none of the best, what with its 
brackishness — it was but sea-water filtered through sand — and the 
contiguity of the decomposing bodies. 

The companies garrisoning Wagner were engaged in desultory 
battery work, in firing into Charleston, and in making counter 
demonstrations to those of the enemy, who were inclined to show 
a bold front with limited numbers, especially while depleting their 
small force to strengthen that of General Finegan in Florida, 
when General Seymour made his ill-starred expedition into the 
interior of that State, an expedition that came to a disastrous end 
at Olustee on the 20th of February, where he was routed by the 
force of General Finegan, with a loss of 193 killed, 1,175 
wounded, and 460 missing, losing five guns. The total Con- 
federate loss reported by General Finegan was 93 killed and 841 
wounded. 

During the period of time occupied by the operations in Florida, 
General Beauregard visited us with fierce night bombardments. 
One of these, the one mentioned in Maxfield's diary, and the 
most notable one of the winter, is graphically described by N'ew- 
comb in his diary : ''February 12th. — Last night I sat in the 
mess tent writing until a late hour. I had been asleep but a short 
time when I was awakened by a heavy cannonading in the direc- 



A WINTER ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 163 

tion of Secession ville. I had scarcely got out of the teot when 
the rebels opened from Moultrie, Simpkins, and Johnson. The 
guards were all turned out, and the gun detachments sent to their 
posts. Several shells burst near the fort, two bursting over it, a 
few pieces falling inside. Five companies of the Ninth Maine 
came from the old Eleventh Maine camp ground, where the 
Ninth now is, and were stationed along the banquette. One 
shell from Simpkins came near pitching into the tent in which 
Captain Baldwin lay confined with rheumatism. The bombard- 
ment lasted for three or four hours. A comical incident of it was 
that the sutler, whose shop is outside the fort, got so frightened 
that he ran away down the beach until stopped by the guards at 
the Beacon House. His hat fell oft' in his flight, but he was too 
scared to stop and pick it up, so when he came back to the fort 
at daylight he had his handkerchief tied on his head, presenting a 
most ridiculous appearance." 

The object of this particular bombardment was to force the 
withdrawal of the Union troops that had recently landed on 
John's Island, as if intending to take advantage of the known 
necessity of the Confederates to send all possible reenforcements 
to Florida. So serious did this Federal movement appear to 
General Beauregard, who knew the weakness of his line better 
than did anybody else, that he held back most of Colquitt's bri- 
gade, already en route for Florida. The following paragraph from 
Beauregard's report to the Confederate War Department, made in 
March, 1864, tells the story : " On the night of the 11th ultimo 
[February, 1864] I ordered all the batteries bearing on Morris 
Island to open a heavy simultaneous fire on that position as if a 
cover for an assault, and with the hope of forcing the enemy to 
withdraw from John's Island to the protection of his own works. 
This stratagem seems to have produced the desired effect, or 
assisted to make him abandon the movement on John's Island 
and withdraw hastily before daybreak, thus releasing and enabling 
Colquitt's command to reach General Finegan in time to meet 
and defeat the enemy at Ocean Pond [Olustee]." 

The garrison in Wagner was commanded by Captain Strahan, 
of Company I, Third Ehode Island Heavy Artillery. His com- 
pany made part of the garrison. AVe camped in tents pitched 
in as sheltered positions of the esplanade as we could find. But 
we had some unpleasant experiences, as may be imagined by these 



164 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

bits from Newcomb's diary : " About four o'clock in the after- 
noon, as Captain Baldwin and myself were sitting in our tent 
taking turns in reading Dickens's ' Old Curiosity Shop ' aloud, 
we were interrupted by the screech of a 200-pound shell from 
Battery Beauregard. It buried itself in the counterscarp and 
exploded, a piece passing through one of our tents." And another 
day : " About half-past three in the afternoon a mortar shell from 
Moultrie went over the fort. Four others came afterwards, the 
pieces from two falling into the fort." 

We had many such experiences, and several narrow escapes. 
We did not care so much for the rebel guns of direct fire, for 
their shriek and the explosion of the percussion shell came so near 
together as to make but a few moments of intense excitement. 
But the mortar shells ! Their deliberation, and their coming 
down from on high, making nearly all cover, except that of a 
bomb-proof, a mockery, made them dreaded visitors, and the 
more you saw of them the less you liked them. You are never 
likely to forget the moments spent in company with a hissing 
mortar shell. One comes whistling down with blazing fuse and 
crashes into the ground within a few feet of you, compelling you 
to throw yourself flat on your face and wait for its explosion. 
Strange speculations run through your mind during the awful 
moment of suspense, while the hissing fuze warns you that the 
shell is "alive" — is really going to explode. Then comes the 
roar and crash of the explosion, the moment of thankfulness that 
you are yet unstruck except by a shower of sand. This is followed 
by a few moments of breathless waiting until you can be sure that 
the flying pieces have buried themselves in the ground around 
you. Then you leap to your feet and laugh with a real joy, and 
try to make yourself believe that you were not anything like as 
horribly scared as you know in your heart you really were. 

We must not forget one of the most exciting incidents of our 
sojourn in Wagner, that of the destruction of the blockade-runner 
that went ashore under the guns of Moultrie, the night of Febru- 
ary 2d. The blockade-runners stole through the blockading fleet 
on dark nights, and, steaming into the channel, would take their 
course from a bright light kept burning in the steeple of St. 
Michael's Church, a most prominent object in the foreground of 
Charleston, and which, by the way, we made our target when 
firing into the city. Getting this light within range of one 



A WINTER ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 165 

burning on Sumter, they could usually keep the channel and 
glide safely into the harbor. But this night was a very foggy 
one, and this runner could not make the lights, so went fast 
aground. Just after daybreak a sentry called the attention of 
the sergeant of the guard to a patch of harder color in the soft 
atmospheric gray of the fog bank that lay between us and Sulli- 
van's Island. A hasty inspection convinced us that a blockade- 
runner was fast ashore under Moultrie. The alarm was (juickly 
given, and in a few minutes a 100-pound shell was whirling 
through the fog at the grounded steamer, the powerful impact of 
the shell boring a gigantic tunnel through the fog bank, through 
which we could see the lead-colored vessel, with hundreds of men 
swarming in and out of it, engaged in a desperate attempt to 
unload freight before the Yankees should discover her presence. 
There was a wild scattering at tbe sound of the coming shell, the 
runner Avas left to serve us as a target, and, assisted by an emula- 
tive monitor or two, we threw shell after shell until the boat was 
a wreck. 

The diaries tell nothing new of life on Black Island and in 
Wagner during the remaining weeks of the companies' stay in the 
Department of the South, For some time rumors that the vet- 
eran troops of the Department were to be sent to Virginia had 
been prevalent, and on the 13th of April orders were received to 
be ready to march at an hour's notice. 

On the morning of the 19th of April, between twelve and one 
o'clock, the companies on Black Island were relieved by com- 
panies of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, and the same night the 
companies of the regiment in Wagner w^ere relieved by companies 
of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania. By daylight the companies on 
Black Island had been transferred in boats to Folly Island. Dur- 
ing the day, Companies B and D from Wagner, and squads that 
had been on detached service here and there, rejoined the regi- 
ment. Later in the afternoon the reunited regiment marched to 
Pawnee Landing, and went on board the steamer Cosmopolitan 
with the Ninth Maine. We were soon at sea, arriving at Hilton 
Head the next morning. The regiment went ashore and camped 
in a newly built storage warehouse, remaining there until the 
evening of the 21st, when it reembarked on board the Cosmopoli' 
tan, again with the Ninth Maine. 

In the evening of April 23d, after a pleasant passage of forty- 



166 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

eight hours, the Cosmopolitan steamed into Hampton Roads. It 
proceeded to Yorktown that night, and, anchoring off the bar 
until dayhght, when it went into the river, touched at Yorktown, 
then crossed to Gloucester Point, where the regiments were 
landed, the Eleventh going into camp about a mile from the 
landing, and within sight of the camp ground it marched from 
to take ship for the Department of the South, fifteen mouths 
before. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

YOKKTOWN AND GLOUCESTER POINT. 

Recollection and a Comparison — The Array of the James — The "Iron" 
Brigade — The " Veterans " Return with One Hundred and Seventy- 
six Recruits — The Plan of Campaign — Preparations Completed — We 
Embark and Sail for Bermuda Hundred — Organization of the Regi- 
ment at This Time. 

It is my recollection that Yorktown had not improved since we 
last saw it. It certainly had not in Newcomb's opinion, for his 
diary tells ns this : '' Yorktown has not improved much. The 
only improvement I can see is that half its buildings have been 
burned down. The same hay bales, apparently, are piled on the 
wharves ; the same bags of oats, yes, and there, just where we left 
them, are the same old canal boats that sank at Harrison's Land- 
ing, to the spoiling of our knapsacks. And the earthworks are 
in a state of neglect ; they do not look like the trim ones we left 
on Morris Island." 

The plains below the town, where the camps of the old Naglee 
brigade had been, as were the plains at Gloucester Point, were 
now white with the tents of the newly organized Army of the 
James, an army consisting, officers and men, of 31,872 infantry, 
2,126 artillery with eighty-two guns, and of 2,181 cavalry, attached 
to which was a six-gun battery. There was also a colored cavalry 
" brigade " of some 1,800 officers and men. Major-General Benja- 
min F. Butler commanded this army, Avhich was divided into two 
corps : the Tenth, composed of troops drawn from South Caro- 
lina, and commanded by Major-General Quincy A. Gillmore, and 
the Eighteenth, commanded by Major-General William F. (Baldy) 
Smith. This was the same General Smith that commanded a 
division of the old Fourth Corps in the opening of the Peninsula 
campaign. 

The Tenth Corps was divided into three divisions, commanded 
respectively by Generals Terry, Turner, and Ames ; the Eigh- 
teenth, of three divisions, commanded respectively by Generals 
Brooks, Weitzel, and Hinks. Hinks's division was made up of 



168 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

colored troops. Our regiment was in the Third Brigade of 
Terry's division, with Colonel Plaisted as brigade commander. 
The other regiments of the brigade were the Twenty-fourth Mas- 
sachusetts, the Tenth Connecticut, and the One Hundredth New 
York. 

Chaplain Henry Clay Trumbull, of the Tenth Connecticut, 
writes of this brigade formation in " Tiie Knightly Soldier," a 
memorial of gallant Major Camp, of the Tenth, killed in an 
assault on the rebel works near the Darby town Eoad, October 13, 
1864. The Chaplain says : "The Twenty-fourth Massachusetts 
and the Tenth Connecticut had been friends in all their campaign- 
ing. The One Hundredth New York had been brigaded with 
both in South Carolina. The Eleventh Maine, although more 
recently with them, soon became a general favorite, and that and 
the Tenth were almost as one regiment." 

The Hundredth New York was with us in the old Naglee 
brigade, joining us at Carver Barracks, to part from us at St. 
Helena Island; now reuniting to remain with us until it was 
mustered out in the fall of 1865. The Twenty-fourth Massachu- 
setts we soon learned to respect as a brave, reliable, and eflPective 
regiment. The Tenth Connecticut chance threw us into comrade- 
ship with, now having it for our reserve, now supporting it, and 
it is to the credit of both regiments that a feeling of confidence 
sprang up in each regiment for the other, so that each felt safer 
when on tlie front line in knowing that the other was supporting 
it, for then the exposed regiment well knew that in its support it 
had a bulwark to fall behind in case of need. The Tenth Con- 
necticut never failed us. None of us engaged that day will ever 
forget tlie 18th of August, 1864, when, but for the prompt action 
of the Tenth in rushing forward from a position on reserve and 
closing the gap between our right and the left of the Twenty- 
fourth Massachusetts, made by the rapid retreat of a panic-stricken 
regiment of our brigade, the rebel wave, already at our abatis, 
would have poured through the gap, and the career of the " Iron 
Brigade " would have ended in a bloody rout. And here on the 
threshold of the bloodiest campaign of the war — in which cam- 
paign this brigade lost two-thirds of its number in killed, wounded, 
and prisoners — we will quote the truest words that were ever 
written of it. They are from the last letter written by "The 
Knightly Soldier," the letter that barely reached his home before 



YORKTOWN AND GLOUCESTER POINT. 169 

the telegraph brought the story of his heroic deatii : *' The three 
New England regiments of our brigade are of as good men as ever 
fought." 

On the 27th of April tlie veterans returned to the regiment, 
bringing one hundred and seventy-six recruits with them. These 
recruits made excellent soldiers, throwing themselves into the 
struggle with a fierce determination, apparently to measure up to 
the standard of their friends the veterans, who in the weeks they 
had been camping together on Arlington Heights, while awaiting 
the coming North of the regiment, had not lost an opportunity to 
win the admiration of the new men by telling them the story of 
their own prowess on the Peninsula and at the siege of Charleston. 
And so successful were the scholars in emulating their teachers 
that within a very few weeks the word "recruits" in our regi- 
ment was only used as a descriptive one ; all " veterans," " sixty- 
two men," and recruits speedily recognizing the feeling of 
comradeship that binds brave men together when fighting shoulder 
to shoulder under the folds of a common flag. 

The concentration of troops at Yorktown and Gloucester 
Point was intended, as it did, to give the Confederate authorities 
the idea that a second movement by way of the Peninsula was to 
be made, while really the plan of campaign was, briefly, that, 
while General Grant and the Army of the Potomac should assail 
Lee before Richmond, Butler and the Army of the James should 
invest Richmond on the south side, cut off its communication 
with North Carolina, and force Lee to divide his army to defend 
both his front and rear. In short, the two armies were to cooper- 
ate, and if the one of the Potomac failed in its attempt to break 
through Lee's lines of defense, and that of the James secured a 
lodgment on the James River, close to the city, then the two 
would unite there, and besiege Richmond, with the gunboat- 
guarded river for a base of supplies. 

The organization of the regiment at this time was as follows : 

Field and Staff. 

Harris M. Plaistcd, Colonel. 

Winslow P. Spofford, Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Henry 0. Fox, Adjutant. 

Wm. H. H. Andrews, Quartermaster. 

Nathan F. Blunt, Surgeon. 



170 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Eichard L. Cook, Assistant Surgeon. 

Woodman W. Koyal, Assistant Surgeon. 

James Wells, Chaplain. 

Albert Maxfield, Sergeant-Major. 

John Williams, Quartermaster Sergeant 

Ellery D. Perkins, Commissary Sergeant. 

George B. Noyes, Hospital Steward. 

Joseph Webb, Fife Major. 

Abner Brooks, Drum Major. 

Company A. 

Lewis H. Holt, First Lieutenant. 
Charles E. Poor, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
William H. H. Frye, First Sergeant ; 
James R. Stone, Elias P. Morton, 

Robert Doyle, James Andrews. 

Corporals. 

George A. Bakeman, Sylvester Stone, 

William C Lee, Willard Barker, 

Joseph L. Mitchell, John W. Tibbetts, 

Charles L. Jordan. 

Company B. 

Charles P. Baldwin, Captain. 

Corydon A. Alvord, Jr., First Lieutenant. 

Frederick T. Mason, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Lewis W. Campbell, First Sergeant ; 
Charles A. Rolfe, John W. Hayward, 

Samuel Cushing, Rufus M. Davis. 

Corporals. 
Philip H. Andrews, Nathan Averill, 

Neliemiah R. Maker, James L. Potter, 

Joseph H. Crosby, Jerome B. L-eland, 

William Rushton. 
Alba W. Siiorey, Wagoner. 



yorktown and gloucester point. 171 

Company C. 

Edgar A. Nickels, Captjiin. 

Lemuel E. Newcomb, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Charles W. Bridgham, First Sergeant ; 
Edwin J. Miller, James Gross, 

Allen M. Cole, Asa W. Googing. 

Corporals. 
William Libby, Melville Cole, 

Adolphus L. Cole, John A. Hammond, 

Edward Noyes, Lovell L. Gardiner, 

Charles A, Davis, James E. McGinnis. 

Benjamin J. Smith, Wagoner. 

Company D. 

Albert G. Mudgett, Captain. 
Charles Sellmer, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Abner F. Bassett, First Sergeant ; 
Judson L. Young, Gardiner E. Blake, 

Ephraim Francis, Kobert Brady, Jr. 

Corporals. 

Josiah F. Keene, James E. Bailey, 

John Dyer, Horace Whittier, 

Shepard Whittier, Stephen R. Bearce, 

Amaziah Hunter. 
William H. Hardison, Wagoner. 

Company E. 

Francis W. Wiswell, Captain. 
Stephen B. Foster, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Adoniram J. Fisher, First Sergeant ; 
John N. Weymouth, Charles F. Wheeler, 

George W. Chick, Peter Bunker. 



172 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Corporals. 
Simon Batchelder, Jr., Elias H. Frost, 

Solomon S. Cole, Ira Weymouth, 

Franklin W. Eowe, Andrew E. Patten, 

Lacassard Lassell, Kenney C. Lowell. 

John B. Reed, Wagoner. 

Company F. 

Samuel G. Sewall, Captain. 
Archibald Clark, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Charles H. Scott, First Sergeant ; 
Gi-afton Norris, Daniel S. Smith, 

James W. Bailey, Clarence C. Frost. 

Corporals. 

Eufus X. Burgess, George S. Buker, 

James TV. Little, Ambrose F. Walsh, 

Joseph H. Estes. 

Ira M. Rollius, Musician. 

Wendell F. Joy, Wagoner. 

Company G. 

Francis W. Sabine, Captain. 
Henry C. Adams, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Thomas Clark, First Sergeant ; 
George Payne, Henry B. Eogers, 

Daniel Burgess, William Wiley. 

Corporals. 
Albert Flye, Thomas T. Tabor, 

Josiah L. Bennett, Horace S. Mills, 

Thaddeus S. Wing, Horace A. Manley, 

Amos W. Briggs, Thomas J. Holmes. 

Ambrose P. PhiUips, Wagoner. 



yorktowx and gloucester point. 173 

Company H. 
Luther Lan-rence, Captain. 
Benjamin F. Dunbar, First Lieutenant. 
James M. Thompson, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Xathan J. Gould, First Sergeant ; 
Seth A. Ramsdel], Joseph Harris, 

Albert L. Rankin, William H. Girrell. 

Corporals. 
James Ellis, Augustus T. Thompson, 

George E. Morrell, John S. Fogg, 

John Lary, Jr., Charles Bodge, 

Charles H. Cummings. 
John E. McKenney, Musician. 
John E. Gould, Wagoner. 

Company I. 
Simeon H. Merrill, Captain. 
William Brannen, First Lieutenant. 
George B. Weymouth, Second Lieutenant. 

SergeaJits. 
Charles 0. Lamson, First Sergeant ; 
Joseph S. Butler, Arthur V. Vandine, 

David B. Snow, Charles W. Trott. 

Corporals. 
Weston Brannen, George Gove, 

Marshal B. Stone, John A. Monk, 

Albion W. Pendexter, Lewis M. Libby, 

James W. Moody, Charles G. Warren. 

Company K. 
Jonathan A. Hill, Captain. 
Melville M. Folsom, First Lieutenant. 
Charles H. Foster, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

George W. Small, First Sergeant ; 
Henry H. Davis, John Howard, 

Andrew B. Erskine, Charles Knowles, 



174 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Corporals. 
John J. Hill, Cyrus E. Bussey, 

Josiah Furbish, Robert H. Scott, 

John F. Buzzell, Amos R. Pnshaw, 

Jotham S. Garnett, Augustus D. Locke. 

Joseph Gr. Ricker, Wagoner. 

The preparations for the advance of the Army of the James 
were pushed rapidly forward. The unarmed men were equipped, 
the large tents were exchanged for shelter tents, the officers sent 
their extra baggage north, and the dress coats of the men were 
packed up to be stored at Norfolk. 

On the 3d day of May orders were received to be ready to move 
the next morning, with two days' cooked rations in the haversacks. 
We broke camp at sunrise of May 4th, and by noon were em- 
barked on the steamer Webster. We left for Fortress Monroe 
about midnight. The regiment numbered, present for duty at 
this time, 630 officers and men. 

On the morning of the 5th of May we moved into the James 
River and steamed up it in a fleet of transports and gunboats. 
We left detachments of colored troops at landing points along the 
river, and arrived before City Point at five o'clock in the afternoon. 

It was now just two years since we had started from before 
Yorktown to follow the retreating Confederate army up the 
Peninsula. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

OPEEATIOXS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 

The Landing at Bermuda Hundred — Clothing the Roadsides — Foraging — 
Marching and Countermarching — The Affair at Chester Station — 
An Expected Attack — The Advance on Drury's BUiff — Tlie Death of 
Lieutenant Brannen — Heavy Skirmisliing — The Battle of Drury's 
Bhiff — The Retreat — The Eleventh tlie Last Regiment to Reenter the 
Bermuda Hundred Works— List of Casualties. 

Anchoring above tlie mouth of the Appomattox, off Bermuda 
Hundred, we lay there until towards morning. Bermuda Hundred 
is a peninsula made by a sweep of the James River to the east, and 
by its tributary, the Appomattox. It is situated at the mouth of 
the latter river, on its north bank, City Point lying opposite it on 
the south bank. Petersburg is twelve miles up the Appomattox, 
on its south bank, and Richmond twenty miles north of Peters- 
burg, directly connected by railroad and turnpike. 

Towards morning we were roused from sleep, and our companies 
prepared to land in small boats. Companies K and E were landed, 
when the Eliza Hancox came alongside, with General Terry on 
board, who hurried up the disembarkmeut. The eight remaining 
companies went on board the Hancox, and about daylight were 
landed at a wharf of barges. The regiment marched about half a 
mile back from the landing, and, halting in a large, clear tield, pro- 
ceeded to prepare breakfast. According to Newcomb's diary, this 
meal consisted of a piece of pork roasted on a stick, coffee, and 
hard bread. He was strongly reminded of Peninsula days. About 
ten o'clock we fell in, and marched about eight miles, then halted 
to make coffee. 

The quantity of clothing thrown away by the men on this march 
was enormous. They were loaded too heavily. Just think ; the 
orders given out at Gloucester Point Avere that, in addition to gun 
and equipments, canteen, haversack, forty rounds of cartridges in 
each box and twenty in each knapsack, there should be carried by 
each man a piece of shelter tent, an overcoat, two pairs of drawers, 
one pair of trousers, two pairs of shoes, one rubber blanket, one 



176 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

woolen blanket, one cap, one blouse, two shirts, three pairs of 
stockings ; with one clothes brush, one shoe brush, and two boxes 
of blacking to every four men. Now multii^ly the extra shoes, 
drawers, shirts, and stockings, not forgetting the brushes and the 
boxes of blacking, and not forgetting either that nearly every man 
had brought from the Department of the South, where there was 
little marching, at least two blankets — not to mention a thousand 
little odds and ends — multiply all this by something like 15,000, 
and you have but a faint idea of the appearance of the roadsides 
on the line of march of our single corps. As the historian of the 
Forty-eighth New York says : " -Fifty pounds on one's back gets 
heavy after a few miles of marching, and whenever we halted for rest 
the men would examine their knapsacks and throw away whatever 
they could spare, until knapsacks that were full at the start were 
well nigh empty." Really, there was enough thrown away that 
day to well nigh clothe a second corps of the same size as the 
Tenth. 

After marching from point to point during the day, towards 
night we halted in a piece of pine woods and made supper. About 
dark we fell in again, and marched forward about three-quarters 
of a mile, then went on picket, part of the regiment standing post, 
and part acting as a reserve. The only sound of the enemy we 
heard during the day was towards sunset, when we heard cannon- 
ading and musketry-firing far on our left, in the direction of the 
Appomattox. During the night there was desultory picket-firing. 
When the morning of the 7th of May broke, Newcomb found that 
the reserve was bivouacking in a beautiful grove of tall, slender 
pines, interspersed with oaks and other umbrageous trees. " It 
is a treat to behold such scenery after passing seven months on the 
verdureless and treeless sand stretch of Morris Island," he wrote. 

The foragers were out as soon as a halt was made, with the result 
that our regimental larder was quickly stocked with plenty of 
pigs, fowls, eggs, and other eatable things. As the section of coun- 
try we were now in had not been occupied by a hostile army, its 
pens, coops, and storehouses were rich with pigs, poultry, and 
bacon. And we held the advance. First come, first served, is the 
rule in foraging, as in everything else in this world. We helped 
ourselves with a thoroughness that left little for those coming 
after us. Strange were the dishes that resulted from these forays. 
I particularly remember a "plum duff" our fellows made out of 



OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 177 

plundered flour and raisins. They boiled these, with a seasoning 
of sugar, iu a camp kettle, making a sort of hasty pudding. It 
would have been better than it was had we not been ordered to 
march away before it was thoroughly cooked ; but, such as it was, it 
went with tolerable palatableness. 

About nine o'clock in the forenoon of May 7th, we were relieved 
by the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania. We marched back towards the 
rear l^ntil we came to where trees were felled along the road, across 
which was a rifle pit. Here we halted, and remained until about 
half-past two o'clock, when orders came for us to get into light 
marching order. We piled our knapsacks and detailed a guard for 
them, but did not march until after sundown. In the meantime 
we heard heavy cannonading and musketry-firing towards the 
front. When we moved we went but a short distance, taking posi- 
tion behind another rifle pit, where we remained for the night, 
sleeping on our arms. 

On the morning of the 8th of May, seven companies of the 
regiment went on fatigue duty, felling trees. Newcomb noted 
that we seemed to be already preparing a line of extensive forti- 
fications, and shrewdly remarks that 'things do not seem to be 
in a very prosperous condition when two corps, numbering 40,000 
men, are obliged to act on the defensive so early in the cam- 
paign." The intrenchments now begun finally extended all the 
way across the neck of the Bermuda Hundred peninsula, from 
river to river, a distance of three miles. Beyond these works, com- 
posed of heavy parapets connecting formidable batteries, all behind 
strong abatis, the outposts occupied a lightly intrenched line. 
In the afternoon of the 8th a camp was laid out in the rear of 
the works by the companies with the colors, and, the fatigue com- 
panies coming in, tents were pitched. This camp ground was 
occupied by us while we remained at Bermuda Hundred. 

We were turned out at three o'clock in the morning of the 9th 
of May, and received light marching orders. We left camp at 
daybreak, and, marching outside the works, halted and stacked 
arms. About seven o' clock we fell in again, and marched four 
miles towards the front, when we reached the railroad, and re- 
ported to Colonel Howell, of the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania, to 
whose brigade we were attached for the day. We marched with 
this command towards Chester Station. Arriving at the station, 
we found other troops already there, and a company of engineers 
12 



1.78 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

engaged in taking up the rails, burning the ties, and destroying 
the telegraph. After marching hither and yon, we recrossed the 
turnpike and marched back towards our intrenchments, reaching 
the picket lines at Warebottom Church about four o'clock in the 
afternoon. Here we halted and rested for a while, finding springs 
of excellent water in the ravine by the church — a ravine that 
extends from this point to the James Eiver, deepening and widen- 
ing as it flows. Part of the return march had been made at a 
greater pace than the great heat of the day (Maxfield's diary notes 
it as irO° in the shade) warranted, with the consequence that 
many men were overcome by heat and exhaustion, and that all of 
lis were thoroughly tired out. At sundown we moved to the left 
of the church, and went into bivouac as a picket reserve, sleeping 
on our arms. There was an alarm in the night, and the men fell 
into line without orders ; but nothing came of it, although there 
was some firing on our left. 

Soon after daylight of May 10th, heavy firing began on our 
right, increasing in intensity until batteries to the rear and right 
opened ; then the ^musketry died away. By one o'clock in the 
afternoon all was still again. During this affair the four left com- 
panies were ordered to the extreme front, but soon returned to 
the colors. At sundown we returned to camp, and slept until 
three o'clock in the morning, when we were turned out to stand 
in line until daylight. 

About noon of May 11th we went on picket at Warebottom 
Church, and along the ravine. The rebel cavalry hung on our 
flank and front all day, occasioning some skirmishing. It rained 
in the afternoon, and all night. There was considerable picket 
firing during the night. The rebels were so near our picket line 
that they could be heard shouting and talking. The orders 
''Halt!'' "Front!" were clearly heard, and so often as to give 
us the idea that they were massing near us. We expected an 
attack at daybreak surely, and were all on the alert long before 
that, but reveille sounded in the camps without any movement 
having been made against us. 

About seven o'clock in the morning of May 12th troops of the 
Eighteenth Corps — infantry, artillery, and cavalry — began to pass 
from the left across our front. We held our position during the 
day. There were several heavy showers. We were relieved at 
dark in the midst of a heavy downpour by the Sixty-seventh 



OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 179 

Ohio, and, returning to camp, turned in, wet as we were, to sleep 
as we could. 

The first stage of our movement against Richmond was now 
completed, with Petersburg yet untaken. Indeed, we had not yet 
made anything like an attempt to capture it. The second stage 
was about to begin — the attempt on the works extending from 
Drury's Bluff. On the 9th of May Generals Gillmore and Smith 
proposed to General Butler that a ponton bridge be thrown 
across the Appomattox at night, and Petersburg be taken by 
assault in the early morning. But General Butler was anxious to 
move directly on Richmond, apparently not doubting his ability 
to capture the great prize. Arranging to leave General Ames at 
Port Walthall Junction to keep the Confederates in Petersburg 
from sallying out and falling on his rear, he began a forward 
movement on the 12th of May. 

Smith's corps moved out and crossed the front of our picket 
line to take position on the right, Gillmore's corps holding the 
left. The movement, virtually unopposed by the enemy, was com- 
pleted at night, the right of Smithes corps resting on the James 
and under cover of the gunboats, while the left of Gillmore's 
rested on Proctor's Creek, and was covered by Kautz's cavalry 
force. As soon as the advance should be made, Kautz was to cut 
loose from the infantry and raid the Confederate southern com- 
munications, to prevent reenforcements reaching Beauregard (who 
commanded in our front) before he should be crushed, as it was 
confidently expected he could be. 

When we landed at Bermuda Hundred the morning of the 6th 
of May, the Confederate forces available to oppose us consisted of 
but one infantry regiment, with some artillery, stationed in 
Petersburg, and a part of Clingman's brigade that was stationed 
on the Blackwater to oppose any raid that might be made from 
Norfolk or Suffolk. These troops were under command of Gen- 
eral Pickett, whose headquarters were in Petersburg. On hearing 
from his scouts that Butler's transports were moving up the 
James River, Pickett immediately telegraphed General Beaure- 
gard, and hastily drew all his outlying force into Petersburg, 
leaving Kautz's cavalry advance by way of the Blackwater unop- 
posed. This cavalry officer made a circuit and cut the Confeder- 
ate communications so far as he could, and rejoined the army at 
City Point. 



180 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Some time before we landed at Bermuda Hundred, General 
Beauregard had been transferred from South Carolina, and given 
command of the Department of North Carolina and Virginia, 
comprising the State of North Carolina and that part of Virginia 
that lies south of the James and the Appomattox. At the time 
of OUT landing he was at Weldon, N. C, where he was observing, 
rather than directing, a Confederate movement against Newbern, 
under General Hoke. He says that he had no faith in this 
movement, which was a War Department one, nor did he believe 
that the Union troops concentrating at Yorktown and Gloucester 
Point were to be moved up the peninsula, he having the possi- 
bilities of a movement by way of the James in his mind. Keceiv- 
ing Pickett's telegram, he hastened to Petersburg, after sending 
telegrams in all directions to concentrate his scattered forces at 
that point. Fortunately for the Confederates, Hagood's South 
Carolina brigade had been ordered to Richmond, and was en 
route, and part of it was halted at Petersburg in time to aid 
Pickett in opposing our movement of the 6th of May on Port 
Walthall Junction. The firing we heard on our left toward sun- 
set of that day, cannonading and musketry, was the sound of this 
little engagement. The other regiments of Plaisted's brigade 
were engaged in the affair, the Hundredth New York losing sev- 
eral men killed and wounded. And on the 7th of May it was 
Hagood's brigade that held the ground against our troops. By 
another day reenforcements were pouring into Petersburg from 
North Carolina, others following from even so far south as 
Florida. But the Confederate force was not strong enough yet 
to prevent our moving out on the 9tli and destroying the railroad 
from Swift Creek to Chester Station, a distance of about six 
miles. It was in this movement that we were attached to How- 
ell's brigade. 

On the 10th the Confederate General Eansom, commanding 
their advance line before Drury's Bluff, moved down to support 
Beauregard with two brigades, but, meeting our troops, was 
repulsed after a sharp engagement. This occasioned the firing 
we heard during the forenoon of the 10th. The 11th of May 
there was little aggressive work on either side, our forces making 
ready for the advance, and Beauregard, anticipating it, moving 
his forces into the Drury's Bluff intrenchments, leaving General 
Whiting with a force at Petersburg. On the 12th, as we have seen. 



OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 181 

our army moved out and took an unopposed position before the 
Confederate line of defenses. 

At about nine o'clock in the morning of the 13th of May our 
regiment fell in, and marched to the front in company with the 
Sixth Connecticut. We marched by a road near the James that 
finally brought us to the turnpike. Here we halted, and Gen- 
eral Butler and staff passed us. Butler gave orders for our regi- 
ment to move up the pike to the front, and report to General 
Burnham. When we reached the front we found the skirmishers 
engaged, and we were soon under fire. Reporting to General 
Burnham, he ordered us to take position in a piece of wood. We 
did so, and remained there for the day, all the time under a heavy 
fire. During the day the rebels charged to our left, driving the 
skirmishers in, but were easily repulsed. They did not attack 
our immediate front. Companies K and I, with volunteers from 
other companies, went out as skirmishers. Lieutenant Brannen, 
of Company I, was soon mortally wounded. Newcomb reports of 
Brannen that " he was pushing his line forward, and had 
reached a clearing in which there was a house that was occupied 
by the rebels. In urging liis men against tliis position he exposed 
himself and was shot down, dying a few hours later. Private 
Charles P. Milton, of Company B, a volunteer skirmisher, was 
killed at the same time that Brannen fell." Lieutenant William 
Brannen was a brave and enterprising officer, and his loss was a 
serious one to his company and regiment. Sharp fighting was 
kept up all day. 

We lay on our arms all night in our position with Burn ham's 
brigade. Heavy firing continued on the picket lines. About 
midnight this picket fighting grew to such dimensions that the 
regiments were roused in anticipation of an attack. 

The oflficial record of this day, the 13th, is that Smith crossed 
Proctor's Creek and advanced along the pike to within eight hun- 
dred yards of the enemy's lines of intrenchments, which were 
here in tiie open ground, and held by infantry and artillery. So 
strong was the line that Smith reported to General Butler that if 
held in force it could not be carried by assault. General Gill- 
more in the meantime had, as directed by General Butler, marched 
to the left, to turn the right of the intrenchments on the head of 
Proctor's Creek. The enemy was in force there, their right on 
Wooldridge Hill, a commanding position half a mile beyond the 



182 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

railroad. Terry attacked unsuccessful!}', and while preparing for 
a second attack the enemy abandoned their line, pushing down 
towards Drury's Bluff. Gillmore pressed them until dark aud 
took a mile of their works. 

In the early morning of the 14th of May the pickets were called 
in, and about eight o'clock our regiment moved a mile or so to 
the left, passing through the lines of rebel works they had aban- 
doned the day before. We were shelled by a rebel battery during 
this march. We finally halted in the edge of a strip of woods, 
and found ourselves attached to Barton's brigade of Turner's divi- 
sion for the day. It rained quite hard in the forenoon, and the 
regiment lay inactive in such shelter as it could find. There was 
heavy musketry-firing on the skirmish line, which was nearly as 
strong as a line of battle. In the afternoon Company B went on 
the skirmish line. Lieutenant Newcomb, of C, went with it 
by request of Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford. He found that most 
of the firing came from troops on the right of B, and says that 
they seemed to load and fire as fast as possible, without stopping 
to take aim. Captain Baldwin ordered the men of B to reserve 
their fire until they could see something to aim at. The rebels 
soon began to shell the woods our skirmishers were engaged in, 
and finally made a weak charge on the line to the left of B, which 
was met and repulsed by the Third New York with a counter 
charge that gained several rods of ground, and enabled the skir- 
mish line to move forward. Late in the afternoon B was relieved 
by K. Soon after B had returned to the regiment. Companies C, 
E, F, and H were ordered to the skirmish line. After a desultory 
skirmish fight which lasted until nine o'clock in the evening, the 
skirmishing companies returned to the regiment, and it went 
into bivouac for the night. We now held about two and one half 
miles of the enemy's outer line of works. 

Early on the morning of the 15th of May the regiment marched 
to the left, and halted in a field, and near General Terry's head- 
quarters. We had now returned to our brigade. An assault of 
the enemy's intrenchments had been ordered for the morning, but 
was abandoned for the want of disposable troops to form a column 
of attack. There were showers during the day. There was skir- 
mishing along the front of the lines, with now and then a heavy 
artillery fire. We lay in the field until dusk, when we fell in and 
marched a mile to the left, crossing the railroad. We took posi- 



OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 183 

tion on a hill, where were abandoned rebel rifle pits around a 
house. The regiment stacked arms in the rear of these pits, and 
during the night the companies relieved each other in digging 
rifle pits on the crest of the hill. The idea we had gained was 
that we were on the extreme left, were covering the railroad, 
and that we were probably to be attacked in the early morning. 
We determined that the enemy should find us occupying a strong 
and well-fortified position. Little picket firing was heard during 
the night. 

The Confederate authorities in Eichmond were so thoroughly 
frightened by Butler's proximity to the city that they gave Gen- 
eral Beauregard all possible assistance in mustering an army to 
its defense. All the troops that could be spared from North and 
South Carolina had been rushed through by rail, and were now 
under his command. The result was that, while we had been 
slowly moving out from our landing place, Beauregard had 
gathered 17,000 men into the Drury's Bluff intrenchments, leav- 
ing at Petersburg, for its defense, 6,000 men, cavalry and infan- 
try. Butler's force before the Drury's Bluff lines consisted of 
about the same number, 17,000 men, and he had left 3,000 men 
in the Bermuda Hundred intrenchments, 5,000 at Port Walthall 
with Ames, and 5,000 at City Point with Hinks, while the cavalry 
under Kautz had now been let loose from the left and was raiding 
through the Confederate communications to the south of us. 

It was understood in Butler's army that a determined advance 
was to be made on the morning of the 16th of May. But Beau- 
regard did not propose to keep on the defensive, and had made 
his plans to attack Butler on that very morning. At an early 
hour he launched Ransom's division against the weakest part of 
Butler's line, that held by Heckman's brigade near the extreme 
right. His plan was to secure such a position on our right flank, 
and in our rear, as would cut us off from Bermuda Hundred, 
while General Whiting should move out from Petersburg with 
5,000 men, and fall on our connections. The attack on Heck- 
man was eminently successful, a heavy fog, though embarrassing 
to the Confederate movement, hiding it from Ileckman until they 
were facing his front. This sur})rise took place a little after five 
o'clock in the morning. The result of it was the capture of Gen- 
eral Heckman, of his position, of several hundred of his men, and 
five stands of colors. 



184 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

It was half-past six o'clock before General Hoke, who had been, 
ordered by Beauregard to have his brigades assault our front lines 
at the same time Eansom's fell on Hecl^man, began his attacks on 
Smith's and Gilhnore's fronts. He had been delayed by the fog 
in deploying his troops. He attacked Gillmore twice in quick 
succession, but was easily repulsed. A few minutes before the 
first attack was made, General Gillmore was notified by General 
Butler of the attack on Smith, and, as a countercharge, was 
ordered to carry the enemy's line in his front. Notifying Gen- 
eral Butler of Hoke's attacks on his front, and that his judgment 
was against trying to carry the enemy's intrenchments. General 
Gillmore was authorized to use his discretion in the matter. He 
contented himself with holding his ground for the time, and 
finding that General Smith needed support, he sent him what 
troops he could spare — four regiments, of which the Eleventh 
was one. 

After Ransom's column had crushed Heckman's brigade, the 
Confederate commander halted his line to readjust it somewhat 
before moving on. While he was doing this, attacks were made 
on Smith's front by Hoke, as on Gillmore's, and so threatening 
did the situation seem to Smith that he ordered all his advanced 
artillery, now nearly useless by reason of the fog, to be withdrawn. 
All the guns were successfully taken to the rear, with the excep- 
tion of "^ three twenty-pound Parrott guns and two fine Napo- 
leons." These fell into the enemy's hands, as the sergeant who 
was carrying the order for their withdrawal was killed before 
reaching their position. 

General Smith, learning of the movement Ransom was develop- 
ing in the obscurity fof the fog, saw that it was calculated to 
threaten Butler's and his own poorly guarded artillery and ammu- 
nition trains, and the Bermuda Hundred intrenchments, which 
he knew were feebly defended. He immediately ordered a retreat 
of his whole line. While falling back the fog lifted, and enabled 
him to observe his right, when he ordered the line forward again ; 
but the changes that had already taken place obliged him to 
recall his last order and move by his right flauk to cover the roads 
leading to the rear. Thereafter all Smith's efforts were confined 
to preventing the enemy from getting into his rear, he falling 
back to cover his trains and the Bermuda Hundred intrenchments. 
General Gillmore having shaken off his assailants, and finding 



OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. • 185 

that Smith's troops were moving to the right and being informed 
by General Butler that the enemy was attempting to turn Smith's 
right, and that Smith's movement was to resist the attack, moved 
his troops along the intronchments in the same direction, and 
ordered Terry's and Turner's divisions to attack the force that 
was pressing Smith back. These divisions were in motion to 
ctirry out the order, when General Gillmore was instructed to send 
all possible reeuforcements to the right, as Brooks and Weitzel 
were falling back. And at ten o'clock he was ordered by General 
Butler to fall back with his troops, to move to the right and 
get in the rear of Smith's corps, now near the Half-way House, 
and clear the way back to the Bermuda Hundred intrench- 
ments. 

The movements of the Army of the James after this were those 
of a slow retreat, the Confederates failing to follow up their suc- 
cess vigorously, partly owing to the disorganization of their forces 
and partly to an expectation of hearing AVhiting's guns open on 
our rear. This officer failing to carry out his part of the plan of 
attack, no further concerted movement was made by the Confed- 
erates, and our divisions moved leisurely to the Bermuda Hundred 
intrenchments, easily beating off the desultory attacks of Confed- 
erate regiments and brigades. 

Our share in this day's work was one of legs. When day broke, 
the world around us was all enveloped in fog ; but it hung low, a 
fine sky showing overhead. Shortly after daybreak firing was 
heard on the right. It increased to a rapid file-firing, and then 
the roar of a heavy assault was heard. We were now ordered to 
abandon our position and hurry back to the one we held near 
General Terry's headquarters the day before. We had barely 
reached it, when General Terry was seen running towards us, bare- 
headed and greatly excited. He called out, in a loud and unsteady 
voice, "What regiment is that?" Being answered, he cried, 
" Go over to the turnpike, for Heaven's sake." AVe started along 
at a rate of speed only a little less than double quick. The firing 
was now very heavy, and the stragglers and wounded were moving 
and being moved to the rear. The regiments along the line of 
which we were hurrying Avere pouring in volleys. A rebel battery 
opened on our flying column. Kegardlcss of its heavy fire, we 
reached a field near General Butler's headquarters, and reported 
to General Brooks, who placed us in position behind a gap in the 



186 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

line. We lay down behind a swell of ground, and waited the 
enemy's onset. But, as we know, he did not follow up his success. 
Before us, the remnants of Heckman's brigade were sullenly hold- 
ing the position they had fallen back to. On our left front a 
regiment (Ninth New Jersey) of about three hundred men were 
retreating from the woods, but in good order and without haste, 
turning from time to time to deliberately pour a fire into the pur- 
suing rebels. On our left a regiment lay behind a fence in the 
edge of the woods. It suddenly moved back as if retreating, 
when the rebels ruslied forward with a yell, whereupon the ap- 
parently retreating line turned and hurried back to the edge of 
the woods, and fired a heavy volley into the very faces of the 
charging enemy. As the last regiments of the retreating Union 
line came out of the woods, and began to fall into position along 
the line we were occupying, a battery in our immediate rear 
opened a furious fire into the woods before us, and the advancing 
rebels retreated to cover. 

Our regiment was now ordered to move down the turnpike 
towards Petersburg, to reenforce the small force guarding our rear. 
We hastened down the turnj^ike, and, reaching our rear line, re- 
ported to General Ames, who placed us in position. But we were 
moved from one position to another until about four o'clock, when 
we lay in the woods along a creek, just beyond which was Whit- 
ing's advance. There was some smart firing on our left, but no 
advance was made along our front. We could hear the rebels 
shout and yell along it, but they did not advance, fortunately ; for, 
with our weak line, long front, and lack of support, we could not 
have held our ground against a determined assault. At dark our 
regiment was ordered to draw in the skirmish line and retreat to 
Bermuda Hundred, as the whole army was now safely bestowed 
behind the fortifications. Moving through the woods in a bright 
moonlight, weaving in and out of ravines, we finally reached the 
fortifications at about ten o'clock. AVe were informed the next 
day that twenty minutes after we had moved off the ground we 
had held during the latter part of the afternoon two strong bod- 
ies of rebel cavalry had joined forces on it, one coming from the 
left and one from the right. Ours was the last regiment inside 
the works, and tired enough were we when we reached our camp 
ground, having been on duty since Wednesday morning, and this 
was Monday night. 



operations before bermuda hundred. 187 

List of Casualties. 
May Idth. 

Company A. — Wounded, Private Phineas Witham. 

Company B. — Killed, Private Charles P. Milton. 

Company E. — Wounded, Corporal Simon Batchelder, Jr. 

Company I. — Killed, First Lieutenant William Brannen. 
Wounded, Private Justus E, Huff. 

Company K. — Wounded, Corporal Augustus D. Locke ; Pri- 
vate William H. Conant. 

May 14/7/. 

Company C. — Wounded, Corporal William Libby. 

Company D. — Wounded, Private Jotham S. Annis. 

Company E. — Wounded, Privates Morey Mulliken, Charles A. 
Mansell, Henry B. Stanhope, Charles E. Mason. 

Company F. — Killed, Private George A. Goody. Wounded, 
Private George W. Haskell. 

Company H. — Wounded, First Sergeant Nathan J. Gould. 

Company I. — Wounded, First Sergeant Charles 0. Lamson ; 
Privates, AVilliam H. Dunham, George W. Kinne, Isaac H. 
Peters, John Wilson. 

May loth. 
Company G. — Wounded, Private Nathaniel G. Hooper. 

May 16 til. 

Company E. — Wounded, Private George H. Downs. 
Company K. — Wounded, Private Franklin A. Quinn. 
Killed, 3 ; wounded, 21— total, 24. 

Our regiment had not served with the brigade since landing, or 
perhaps it would have been more heavily tried, the other regi- 
ments of our brigade participating more directly than did ours in 
the battle of Drury's Bluff. Ours had been used as a sort of 
flying reenforcement ; now strengthening Howell's brigade, now 
Burnham's, now Barton's, then Imrryiug to the support of the 
broken line of Brooks's division, and in a few hours were report- 
ing to General Ames to strengthen his critical position before 
Whiting's troops. But if we had not yet had an opportunity to 



188 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

prove our valor, we had shown a capacity for zealous marching 
that argued well for the future, and whenever we had come under 
fire our men, old and new, had shown no sign of flinching. Al- 
together, we had served our various commanders well, so well 
that all of them thereafter had only warm words for the Eleventh 
Maine. 



CHAPTER XX. 

IN BERMUDA HUKUEED. 

The Eleventh Makes a Night Attack— List of Casualties— Heavy Fighting 
all along the Line— The Men as Axemen—" Bottled Up "—A Hearty 
Laugh— Reenforcements for the Army of the Potomac— Beauregard's 
Reconnoissance in Force — The Stories of Our Companies — List of 
Casualties — Death of Colonel Spofford. 

The 17th of May was passed by the men in camp and in 
attending to their needs. Soon after taps we heard a column of 
cavalry moving to the front. About midnight we were routed 
out. Falling quickly into line, we marched out to the picket 
line, and halted just beyond Warebottom Church. It seems that 
the pickets had reported a movement down the pike, the sound of 
tramping horses and the rattling of heavy wagons coming to their 
ears. It was conjectured that a wagon train was moving down 
the pike from Richmond to Petersburg, and it was determined to 
try and capture it. Cavalry had advanced along the wood roads 
for that purpose, but as they could not effect anything against 
the Coufederate infantry that covered the roads, infantry had 
been sent for. 

Six companies of the Eleventh deployed as skirmishers, the 
remainder of the regiment remaining on reserve, with the Tenth 
Connecticut. The skirmishers moved into a dense wood growth, 
lighted by a brilliant moon. The line had gone some distance — 
part of it was in a field, and part in the woods — when suddenly a 
rolling volley of musketry came crashing into it. Our men threw 
themselves on the ground, or behind trees, and opened an answer- 
ing fire. For an hour a fierce fire was exchanged by the opposing 
lines and at close range, the dark woods echoing to the crack of 
rifles, and the yells of combatants whose positions could only be 
conjectured by the lighting up of the wood arches by intermittent 
rifle flashes. And two pieces of artillery stationed in our rear 
added to the uproar by throwing shells over our heads to burst 
along the front of the rebel line. After a time, the ammunition 
of the men becoming exhausted and it becoming very clear that 



190 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

the force guarding the turnpike was strong enough to withstand 
our onset, orders came for us to retire, which we did. It was 
breaking day when we marched into camp again. This affair is 
known as The Attack on Beauregard's Wagon Train. 

List of Casualties, May 17th. 

Company B. — Wounded, First Sergeant Lewis W. Campbell ; 
Corporal Joseph H. Crosby ; Privates Henry S. Bryant, Daniel 
S. Brown, William Davis, Emanuel S. Feogodo. 

Company D. — Wounded, Privates George L. Butler, Alonzo 
Carver. 

Company E. — Killed, Private Walter A. Crowell. Wounded, 
Privates William Clark, William H. Hurd, David K. Lowell. 

Company F. — Wounded, First Lieutenant Archibald Clark. 

Company H. — Wounded, Sergeant Seth A. Ramsdell ; Privates 
Ellis A. Briggs, James E. Dumj)hey, Llewellyn J. Livermore. 

Company I. — Wounded, Sergeant David B. Snow; Corporal 
Marshal B. Stone ; Privates Thomas Kelley, George W. Young. 

Company K. — Killed, Private William C. Drake. Wounded, 
First Lieutenant Charles H. Foster ; Privates George W. Bussey, 
David T. Smith, Walter G. Smith. 

Killed, 2 ; wounded, 24 — total, 26. 

On the 18th of May there was heavy picket-firing from daylight 
until night. Our regiment was kept at the inner breastworks, 
the men passing the day in adding to and in strengthening the 
abatis. At night three companies remained at the breastworks, 
the others retiring to the camp. The regiment lay at the breast- 
works all the 19th. The enemy shelled our lines in the morning, 
and there was heavy picket-fighting all day long. We remained 
at the works all night, sleeping on our arms. At half-past 
eleven o'clock, and at three o'clock, there was heavy firing along 
the front line, but it did not last long either time. 

The 20th of May was an exciting day. We were not engaged, 
but lay at the works all day. There was heavy shelling, the shells 
falling along our front and in our rear. The charging yells of 
the rebels could be heard along our advance posts. At times these 
posts were driven back, when reenforcements would be sent out, 
and then our men would charge and retake the works. The 
rebels lost heavily, having to expose themselves recklessly in 



IN BERMUDA HUNDRED. 191 

making their charges. Among the prisoners was General Walker, 
of South Carolina, who was wounded. He was a rashly brave 
man. A lieutenant of the Sixty-seventh Ohio, into whose hands 
he fell, told Newcomb that as many as two hundred bullets were 
fired at General Walker in one volley as he rode away in defiance 
of a summons to surrender. His horse fell dead, the general was 
wounded in the foot and hand, and was brought inside our lines 
by our men. Just before sundown our regiment was ordered to 
the front line. We moved out and took position in the pits 
around Warebottom Church, the point where the severest fight- 
ing of the day had taken place. We relieved the Sixty-seventh 
Ohio. The moon was large, and the night a beautiful one. The 
rebel outposts were but a few yards in advance of ours. There 
was no firing. We could hear the movements of their main line 
plainly, and about twelve o'clock could hear artillery moving to 
the left. In the early morning, strains of music from a rebel band 
were plainly heard. An attack was expected in the early morn- 
ing, but there was none. Shortly after daybreak a train of cars 
stopped opposite our position. There was much yelling. About 
nine o'clock a body of rebels moved through the woods, in which 
w^e fought the night of the 17th, and opened fire on us. We 
responded vigorously, and after a short fight the enemy drew oU. 
The rebels had intrenched during the night. They had a breast- 
work thrown up across the road about five hundred yards from 
us. They were still working at it. Our oi'ders were not to fire 
unless we received orders, or to beat off an attack. So we looked 
idly on, until they began to cut embrasures for guns, when a 
report was made to the regimental commander, who hastened to 
send the news to headquarters. But Captain Lawrence, who 
commanded the outposts, could not wait for the circumlocution 
office to get in its work, so ordered a fire to be opened on the 
Confederate workmen, who promptly took to cover. Seven or 
eight dead rebels lay in front of our line all day. Just after sun- 
down we were relieved by the Seventh Connecticut and returned 
to camp. 

About eleven o'clock at night we were startled out of our beds 
by a loud crash of musketry, followed by heavy artillery-firing. 
We fell in and marched to the works, where we lay all night, 
under a heavy fire. A rebel caisson blew up during the artillery 
duel, making a magnificent if but momentary spectacle. 



192 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

After breakfast on the 23d of May, 300 men were ordered from 
our regiment on fatigue duty. It was to fell trees in and along 
the ravine running from Warebotton Church to the river, to 
allow the gunboats to shell the woods on our left front. New- 
comb wrote of this : " It seems a sacrilege almost to convert such 
a beautiful scene of magnificent oaks and stately elms into a 
stretch of dead trees." The monitors lay near our chopping 
]5arty, occasionally sending a shell up the river. 

Only picket skirmishing took place for some days. The regi- 
ment when not on picket was engaged on fatigue duty in the 
slashing and in strengthening the line of works. 

Despite the disheartening knowledge which we now had, that 
we were no longer an army of aggression, and that to make sure 
that we should not make another forward movement, Beauregard 
was fencing us in with a line of strong works that extended from 
the James, at the Howlett House Battery, to the Appomattox, we 
could get up a hearty laugh on occasion ; as on the 25th of May, 
when, at about two o^clock in the afternoon, the regiment was 
called in from tree-felling and drawn up in line to listen to the 
reading of a despatch to Greneral Butler from the War Depart- 
ment that told us that Lee had fallen back from the North Anna. 
Three rousing cheers were given at this, and at the last one a 
mule hitched near us joined in with such energy as to set the 
regiment into a roar of laughter. 

During the last days of May and the first days of June, the 
diaries of the regiment record daily that heavy firing could be 
heard across the James, in the direction of Richmond. Grant was 
slowly feeling his Avay along Lee's lines, moving steadily towards 
the James. 

As soon as General Grant learned of the futile result of Butler's 
movement, from which he had hoped so much — the destruction 
of Confederate communication with North Carolina, the invest- 
ment of Richmond, and the consequent withdrawal of a large body 
of Lee's army from his own front — he directed that all the troops 
not actually needed to hold Bermuda Hundred and City Point be 
sent to him under command of General Smith. In consequence 
of this order, 10,000 of the Army of the James, with sixteen guns, 
embarked on the night of the 28th, and on the 29th sailed for 
White House Landing, the head of navigation on the Pamunkey. 

General Smith took with him Brooks's division of his own corps, 



IN BEliMUDA HUNDRED. 193 

and the Second and Third Divisions of the Tenth Corps — the divi- 
sions commanded by Generals Devens and Ames. General Butler 
retained about 10,000 infantry, Kautz's cavalry force of 1,G00 
men, and Hinks's colored cavalry brigade — about 2,000 strong. 

At the same time, General Lee ordered Beauregard to send him 
all the men he could spare, which he did, retaining about 12,000 
infantry and cavalry. There seems to have been a desire on the part 
of General Lee that still more of Beauregard's force should be sent, 
even that Beauregard himself should report with all his available 
troops, and take command of the right wing of the Confederate 
army, leaving Petersburg, with a small force, to take care of it- 
self. But Beauregard was tenacious in his determination to hold 
his position on the south side of the James. He argued that 
Butler's force was still large enough to endanger Petersburg, even 
against the small force he had retained there, and it was to test 
this theory that he made the reconnoissance in force on the 2d of 
June that cost our regiment so many good men. 

As the companies that were engaged that morning fought inde- 
pendently, it is thought best to give the reports of the companies 
as they can be gathered from surviving officers that took part in 
the engagement. 

The regiment went on picket the evening of the 1st of June. 
The companies were posted from left to right in the following 
order : I, G, B, C, with D at Warebottom Church, which stood 
at the head of the ravine that runs to the river. F, E, and K 
were posted along this ravine, along the other side of which was 
the line of intrenchments that covered the Howlett House Battery. 
Company A was posted about two hundred yards in rear of the 
two loft companies, and H at about the same distance in rear of 
the church, as reserves for the line. The diagram below may 
help fix the positions of the companies in the reader's mind : 

I G B C 



A H 



194 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Company I was commanded by Captain Simeon H. Merrill. He 
writes the historical committee as follows : '•' On the morning of 
June 2, 1864, I was on the left of the picket line, in command of 
that part covering our brigade or division front. My man Friday, 
known as ' Washington,' had In-ought my breakfast, which con- 
sisted of boiled ham, sauce made from dried apples, hard tack, and 
coffee. My rubber blanket was spread on the edge of a rifle pit, 
and, with legs dangling in the same, I was enjoying my rations 
immensely. While in this happy state of mind a brisk firing 
opened on our left. Soon after, shots came from our front, and 
we observed the enemy advancing — that breakfast remained un- 
finished. We immediately did our best to repel the advance, but 
by superior force were driven back nearly through the woods to 
the line occupied by our reformed regiment, where we established 
a new picket line. 

" In this skirmish an incident occurred worth relating. Corporal 
Thompson, of Company A, was shot through the leg, near the 
hip, and fainted from loss of blood. The enemy advanced, passed 
him, took his gun and ammunition, placed something under his 
head, and gave him a drink of water from a canteen. When they 
were repulsed and driven back. Corporal Thompson could be seen 
midway between our line and that of the enemy. We advanced 
until he was reached, and then, with a soldier, I carried him to 
the rear. My coat sleeves were saturated with his blood. He re- 
covered, and my certificate to the fact was on his application for 
pension. His life was no doubt saved by our timely advance." 

Captain F. W. Sabine was in command of G. From the report 
of Captain Clark, at the time First Sergeant of tliis company, 
it seems clear that G- cast its fortunes in with Company I, and 
served in the engagement under the command of Captain Merrill. 

His report for I will serve for CI also. Incidentally, Captain Clark 
writes that he was at the side of Colonel Spofford when he was 
shot that morning, and he rcTnembers that he had just warned the 
Colonel to keep better covered than he seemed disposed to do, 
when the fatal bullet struck him. 

It is clear, from all the reports and from personal recollection, 

that the line of our regiment could not have been broken that 

morning had the regiments on our left not given way. Then the 

rebels poured over the works they abandoned, and, bearing sharply 

' to the right, began to make their way to the rear of our left, occa- 



IN BERMUDA HUNDRED, 195 

sioning the withdrawal of Companies I and G, and of the other 
companies,, as the rebel line swept towards the right. The disaster 
might have been irredeemable had it not been for the prompt 
action of Company A, a reserve company, whose commander, 
Captain Folsom, dei)loyed his men at almost right angles to the 
picket line and checked the rebel advance for a considerable time, 
thns atfording the retiring companies time to pass to the rear 
under cover of his protecting line. 

A letter written to Captain Folsom's father by Captain Sellmer, 
then on the brigade staff, tells the story of the gallantry of Com- 
pany A. Omitting the purely personal parts, it reads as follows : 

Bermuda Hundred, Va,, June G, 18G4. 

The Eleventh was ordered, on the evening of the 1st, to relieve 
the Tenth Connecticut on the right flank of our advance. Com- 
pany A, commanded by Captain Folsom, was assigned as the left 
reserve pickets of our regimental line, and was posted about two 
hundred yards in the rear of our extreme left. About six o'clock 
in the uiorning of the 2d instant the enemy commenced firing 
along our whole line, and shortly after began to assault everywhere 
from right to left. The trooi)s to the left of our regiment gave 
way, forcing the left companies of the Eleventh to give way also, 
endangering the center and right of our line to be taken in flank 
and rear. The center of our line fought most galhintly (the right 
was not engaged by the rebels), but in vain ; finding the left ex- 
posed, the rebels marched in a solid line of battle and by the right 
flank, endeavoring to get into their rear and take them all prison- 
ers. But seeing and at once apprehending this move, Melville 
gallantly deployed his company in such a masterly way as to secure 
our regiment's flank and rear, giving the center and flank time 
to withdraw. He held his position most obstinately, in the face 
of four times his number, refusing to give way at any hazard until 
his comrades at the center and right were out of immediate danger. 
Then he connected his right with the left center, and thereby 
saved many a good soldier from captivity. Melville behaved most 
gallantly, and he has the well-earned approbation of all officers 
and men of the regiment, I take special ])leasure in giving you 
this little account, for I know too well that his modesty would not 
admit to tell you all himself; for he certainly can call himself the 
bravest of the brave on that day. 

Lieutenant Philip H, xVndrews, then a sergeant of Company B, 
writes that Captain Baldwin was in command of Company B that 
morning. He adds : '' Soon after daybreak there was very heavy 
firing on our left, and at the same time the enemy crossed the 



196 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

road that ran along the front of the thick piece of woods in front 
of B and the company on the right. The firing ceased on the 
left for some time, but there was desultory firing iu our front, and 
many bullets passed me. The company cooks were on the way to 
the front with breakfast, when the firing started away to the left, 
to spread rapidly to the right. We were doing but little firing, 
as we could not see the enemy on account of the thicket. There 
was very open timber to the left. In a short time we saw the 
regiment on our left falling back. I said to Cai^tain Baldwin : 
' If that regiment is falling back, we will have to go.' He waited 
two minutes perhaps, and then gave the order to fall back. We 
went in a hurry, and I do not think, when we left the pits, that 
the enemy was three rods from us." 

As Captain Nickels, of Company C, was serving as officer of the 
day, Lieutenant Newcomb, its First Lieutenant, commanded this 
company on this occasion. Shortly after the affair, he noted iu 
his diary as follows : "About seven o'clock in the morning the 
rebels commenced a rapid fire on our left. (During tbo night 
they had shelled the woods where we lay.) Soon after this, bul- 
lets began to whistle over our heads, and when our boys could see 
a gray back to fire at they responded. Lieutenant-Colonel Spof- 
ford passed along our rear, and when just beyond the right of our 
company was severely wounded in the right thigh — a mortal wound 
it proved to be. After a half-hour's fighting, I could see through 
the woods on our immediate left the rebels charging in close 
order, and then the companies on my right and left fell back. 
When we had fallen back about two hundred yards, I was called 
to by Captain Lawrence, whose company, H, held a reserve pit, to 
fall my men in with his ; but seeing that his pits were crowded. 
Company D having Joined him, I thought it best to continue the 
retreat until I could take up a desirable position. About one hun- 
dred yards farther back I halted my men, and formed them in 
one rank behind the crest of a ridge, and then reported to Cap- 
tain Hill, now in command of the regiment, who ordered me to 
deploy my men as skirmishers and try and connect with Captain 
Lawrence on the right, and with A, which company he said was 
to the left, and in advance. I was moving my men forward, when 
they were fired on actively from the direction Company A was 
supposed to be in. One man was immediately wounded, and then 
a bullet struck me in the neck, and I was taken from the field." 



IX BERMUDA HUNDRED. 197 

"We supplement Captain Newcomb's report with excerpts from 
an interesting letter from Sergeant Edwin J. Miller, of Company 
C, who was with his company that morning, as when was he not ? 
The Sergeant writes as follows : 

"Previous to the break in the line on our left, we held the 
enemy very easily, and had no thought of being driven out. 
We could hear the commands of the rebel officer in our immediate 
front very plainly. He would order the men forward, but they 
only made a feint, and when we would open u])on them they 
would throw themselves flat upon the ground, when all would 
become silent for several minutes, save an occasional shot, when 
the same thing would again be repeated. This all occurred pre- 
vious to the charge which broke the line on our left. I remem- 
ber that one Johnnie had a position behind a large oak-tree, and 
was very regular in getting off his gun. A smaller tree on the 
right grew within about a foot of the oak. He would load behind 
the oak, and then step to the right, and fire from between the 
two trees, and return so quickly that no one could hit him, 
although several of the boys had made the trial. I had been 
watching his game, and told, the boys to hold back and let me 
have the next whack. Accordingly, I placed my gun upon the 
bank of the pit and sighted it for the gap which he invariably 
filled in his efforts to subdue the North ; and, like the old darky 
in the bear story, the instant I saw the hole darked, I pulled, but 
not quick enough to stop his fire, for his bullet skipped the pit, 
and filled my ear with dirt. He canted over, but saved himself 
by coming upon his hands, and immediately righted and disap- 
peared by making a couple of hops on one leg. He appeared to 
have been hit in the leg, and his wound was at least severe enough 
to silence his battery, 

" While we were having this little engagement. Colonel Spofford 
came walking slowly along behind the pits, giving encouraging 
words to the boys. He was in full view of the enenn', and they 
commenced firing at him. The bullets were skipping by, and 
some one advised him to get down or they would hit him. In an 
instant, he was struck. 

" We were not all driven out at once, but each man from the 
breach towards the right followed the other in quick succession. 
As they were going they resembled the waving of a kite's tail.'' 

The story of D Company for this morning covers that of H, and 



198 THE STORY OP^ OXE REGIMENT. 

it was SO carefully told in the published history of the former 
company that it is not thought necessary by the representatives 
of the two interested companies to change it in any particular. 
The position of D was at Warebottom Church. The pickets had 
by this time settled into a state of armed neutrality, the more 
venturesome even trading in coffee and tobacco ; Private Bridges, 
of D, was especially active in this sort of barter. He frequently 
went across the strip of ground that lay between the picket lines 
to drive lively trades with the enemy for tobacco, which was 
scarce with us, bartering coffee therefor, which was scarce with 
them. 

Private Bridges, •' Old Turk/' as he was called, was a charac- 
ter. A half-surly look in his eyes, something like that in those 
of a half-tamed steer, caused him to receive the bucolic nickname. 
He had ideas of his own about guns ; the Springfield rifles we 
were armed with he desjiised. He wanted a gun that would carry 
a bullet to the spot he aimed at. Somewhere at Gloucester Point, 
I think, he got hold of a sporting rifle, a heavy, thick-barrelled, 
strongly grooved piece, and then the bother was to get suitable 
ammunition for it, our cartridges being much too large for its 
bore. After a deal of wandering through camps he secured, 
through a good-natured cavalryman, a suitable cartridge for his 
gun, a carbine cartridge that fitted it perfectly. With a stock of 
these in his cartridge-box, he was ready for the enemy. Of course, 
the carrying of this gun had to be winked at by his officers, and 
when he went on inspection or parade he had to borrow a despised 
Springfield rifle from someone off duty to appear with, giving 
rise to a story of his carrying two guns. 

This evening, that of the 1st of June, Corporal Weymouth 
made himself the medium of exchange between the pickets. He 
went towards the rebel pickets in the early evening, and was met by 
one of their number, whom he arranged to meet at the same spot 
in the early morning for the exchange of goods agreed upon. The 
night was a moonless one, I remember ; for, as we were not allowed 
fires or to light matches on the out])Osts, when we wanted to learn 
the time of night we had to catcli a firefly and make him craul 
across the face of a watch, that when he flashed we might catch 
the positions of tlie hands. In the early part of the night the 
rebel batteries opened on our lines, firing most vigorously for a 
time ; but, as we did not reply, they ceased firing after about one 



IN BERMUDA HUNDRED. 199 

hour. It is probable tliat it was Beauregard's purpose to aggra- 
vate our batteries into replying, that he might gather ati idea of 
their positions and the number of their guns. 

Morning came at last, and the daylight broke. As soon as the 
light was strong enough to see clearly, Lieutenant Maxfield made 
a tour along the line of D from right to left. He found Corporal 
Weymouth wide awake and in readiness to go out to meet his 
reljel friend when he should appear coming over the rebel works. 
'•There he is, Corporal," said someone, as a form darted over the 
rebel line. " But he has a gun in his hand," Weymouth answered ; 
and, sure enough, Lieutenant Maxfield saw that the man they were 
looking at had a gun in his hand, and that he was accom[)anied 
by a long line of other gray-clad men, reaching out from his right 
and left, all with guns in their hands, too, and all moving swiftly 
toward our works. In a moment the Lieutenant had shouted the 
alarm to his men, and as the sharp word of command rang out, 
every man, were he asleep or awake, sprang to his feet, every gun 
was to a cheek, and a rapid and effective fire was opened upon the 
now swiftly approaching enemy. So sure and cool were our men, 
so far from being surprised, that in less than a minute the long 
line of the enemy in front of D was gone, those of them not fallen 
back to cover, lying on the ground dead or dying, the not too 
desperately wounded slowly crawling for spots sheltered from our 
fire. 

The new rifle of Private Bridges was especially effective that 
morning, every shot from it seeming to tell. His usually half- 
closed eyes were wide open now and sparkling with joy. As he 
fired he would peer after his flying shot, and " I have hit him," 
he would triumphantly shout, and then proceed to reload his 
rifle with cool care. We were jubilant, for we had beaten the 
enemy off, but we speedily found that the pickets on our left had 
not been so fortunate. We could see them falling hastily back, 
and then over the open space before us that we had just cleared 
of one rebel skirmish line, a heavier one came rushing. 

We fell back to a reserve pit on the run, entering it pell mell. 
Here we found Captain Lawrence and his Company H, and at his 
command a smart fire was opened on the pursuing enemy, driv- 
ing them to cover. But unfortunately there was an unoccupied 
reserve pit to our rear and left that the enemy entered, and from 
which they poured a galling fire on our rear. Captain Lawrence, 



200 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT. 

as commander of our little force, was ably assisted by Lieutenant 
Thompson of his own company, and by Lieutenant Maxfield, of 
D. These officers exposed themselves recklessly while urging the 
men to keep up their fire on the enemy in their front, not for- 
getting those in the reserve pit behind us. 

Of course we could not stay where we were unless we proposed 
to go to Richmond before its evacuation. A hasty council of war 
was held by the officers, and it was agreed that the plan should 
be to fight desperately until a lull in the attack should give an 
opportunity to gain the woods behind us, then that we should 
break for cover with a sudden and combined rush that would 
carry us right through the enemy of the reserve pit should they 
sally out as we ran by them, which we must, and within a few 
feet of them. The rebels in our front made several vain rushes 
at us. Once a sergeant of theirs led his men almost to the muz- 
zles of the guns on the left, at a moment, too, when most of 
the guns there were uncharged. Corporal Weymouth was on the 
extreme left. '''Shoot that sergeant, Weymouth," was shrieked 
at him, and like lightning Weymouth's gun was pointing straight 
at the gallant rebel, and Weymouth's sharp eye was looking down 
the barrel as if to give the death stroke. Even rebel human 
nature, probably fighting for a commission, could not stand it, 
and the sergeant turned and fled, his men flying with him, not 
knowing that Weymouth's gun was as empty as a last year's bird's 
nest. 

A movement of the rebels in our front that checked the fire of 
their men in the reserve pit indicated a coming onslaught. The 
moment for retiring had come. " Now, all together," said Lieuten- 
ant Maxfield, as he ran along to the left; "^pour it into them 
when Captain Lawrence shouts 'Fire,' and then run for the 
woods." "Fire," the order came ; a crash of rifles answered it, 
and then we ran like deer for the sheltering timber. The enemy 
in the reserve pit was nonplussed for a moment, for it looked as 
if we were charging straight upon them ; but, catching the idea, 
in a moment they arose and poured a sharp fire into us as we ran 
by. Within a minute those of us not killed, made prisoners, or 
too badly wounded to be carried from the field, had rejoined the 
Eleventh, which we found in line of battle not many rods in rear 
of the scene of our desperate defense. 

Companies F, E, and K were not engaged, the enemy not mak- 



IX BERMUDA nrXDRED. 201 

ing a demoustratiou along the front they covered. General Hill, 
then Cai)tain of Company K, commanded the right of the line, 
and was near Warebottom Church when Colonel Spofford fell. 
Hastening to his side, he was directed by Colonel Spofford to 
take command of the regiment, as the next in rank, and told to 
expect the weight of the attack from the left. General Hill 
thereupon took command of the scattered companies, and rallied 
them in a strong position as they fell back, quickly presenting so 
bold a front to the advancing enemy as to check his final advance. 
In a short half-hour he iiad proved himself to be a most efficient 
field officer — his bravery had long been known — and from that 
day he advanced in rank as he grew in military reputation, ad- 
vancing steadily from Captain to Major, to Lieutenant-Colonel, 
to Colonel, until he wore the star to which his gallantry well 
entitled him. 

The Eleventh had able commanders, and the stars fell thick 
among them, but none found their way to the hearts of its rank 
and file as did General Hill. What Naglee was to its earliest 
years, Hill was to its latest, and the regiment never took a 
prouder step, nor stood higher in the opinion of its fellow regi- 
ments, than when it followed the fortunes of its colonel with the 
empty sleeve. 

We lost brave men in this fight, but the great loss to the regi- 
ment was that of Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford. He was taken 
from the field, and sent to Fortress Monroe, where he died on the 
17th of June. The regiment was but just learning to appreciate 
the best qualities of Colonel Spofford. As brave as a fearless 
child, as gentle as a woman, without an unreasonable ambition, 
only intent in carrying out his orders to the letter. Colonel 
Spofford marched us from point to point, sometimes, at least 
once, with a speed that was exhausting, only intent on reaching 
the position he was to occupy, and reaching it, to hold it faith- 
fully until relieved by authority. His last words to General Hill 
showed the quick intelligence of the soldier and the thoughtful- 
ness of the commander, for even while suffering from a mortal 
wound he thought of his men rather than of himself. Not until 
he had turned his command over to his successor, and given him 
the results of his morning observation did he suffer himself to be 
taken from the field. His epitaph was well written by Sergeant- 
Major Morton when the news of his death reached the regiment : 



202 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

" In Colonel Spofford we have lost a brave soldier and a Christian 
gentleman." 

On learning of the death of Colonel Spofford, the following 
order was issued from Brigade Headquarters by Colonel Plaisted : 

Headquarters, 3d Brigade, 1st Division". 10th A. C, 

Deep Bottom, Va., June 22, 1864. 
General Orders. 

It is with deep regret and sorrow the colonel commanding an- 
nounces to tlie brigade the death of Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow 
P. Spofford, late commanding Eleventh Maine Volunteers. He 
died in hospital at Old Point Comfort on the 17th inst. of wounds 
received in battle. 

On the 3d of June, his regiment being on picket, the enemy 
attacked our outposts in force. Colonel Spofford was among the 
first to fall, shot through the thigh, at the beginning of the 
action. 

Colonel Spofford entered the service in the fall of 18G1 as Cap- 
tain in the Eleventh, and won his promotions by the zeal and 
faithfulness with which he performed every duty. He entered 
the service of his country from the highest motives, ready and 
willing to give his life, if need be, in his country's cause. That 
life has been given, and to him belongs the merit of having died 
for his country — to have died for others — the noblest, the divinest, 
of all human actions. 

In the death of Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford our country has 
lost a brave and faitliful soldier and Christian patriot. Long 
may his name be remembered and honored by a grateful posterity. 

By order of H. M. Plaisted. 
Colonel Eleventh Maine Vols., Comdg. Brig. 

(Signed,) Charles B. Amory, 

Cajit. and A. A. General. 

The losses in this action were as follows : 

Field. — Wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow P. Spofford, 
mortally. 

Companij A. — Killed, Private Horace W. Brown ; wounded. 
Sergeant James Andrews, Cori)oral George W. Thompson, Pri- 
vates Daniel A. Bean, Daniel 0. Butler, William S. Buswell, 
Thomas D. Cook, Aaron Gomery, William H. Hartford, Joseph 
D. Jewett, Daniel Y. McFarland, Thomas McFarland, Asa L. 
Mclntire, Mitchell Neddo. 

Company C. — Wounded, Lieutenant Lemuel E. Xewcomb, Cor- 
poral Melville Cole, Privates Elijah S. Kellcy, Coffin S. Leighton. 



IN BERMUDA HUNDRED. 203 

Com]iany D. — Killed, Private John E. Bridges ; wounded, Ser- 
geant Robert Brady, Jr., Corporal James E. Bailey, Privates 
Sumner M. Bolton, Samuel A. Bragdou, Melin Conforth, Richard 
W. Dawe, Hudson K. Dyer, Moses E. Shermau, Zelman B. 
Smith ; prisoners, Captain Albert G. Mudgett, Sergeant Gardiner 

E. Blake, Privates Sumner M. Bolton, Martin V. Bryant, Law- 
rence Kelley. 

Cowpany G. — Killed, Private Sewall L. Chamberlain ; wounded, 
Corporal Thomas J. Holmes. 

Company H. — Killed, Privates Valentine S. Cumner, William 

F. Rogers ; wounded, Lieutenant James M. Thompson, Private 
William Green. 

Company I. — Wounded, Sergeant Arthur V. Vandine, Private 
Francis Winn. 

Killed, 5 ; wounded. 32 ; prisoners, 5 — total, 42. 

The importance to our regiment of this handsome little engage- 
ment was its demonstration that the rank and tile of the regiment 
could be depended upon to stand their ground against large odds, 
and that among the line oflBcers were many brave and capable 
men — men who could meet sudden changes of conditions with the 
intelligent celerity that so often changes the tide of battle. We 
ran, to be sure, but no farther than it was necessary that we 
should in order to gain ground on which to turn and face our 
assailants. And I am not sure but General Phiisted, who assumed 
personal charge of this defense, is right in his claim that the stub- 
born resistance offered the enemy by his brigade, and by our regi- 
ment especially, saved the main works from a general assault. 
For once in full possession of our outer lino, as they would have 
been had our regiment followed the retreating regiments into the 
main works, the temptation to go further would have been strong 
with so l)old and sanguine a soldier as was General Beauresrurd. 



CHAPTEE XXI. 

DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FROXT. 

The Gillmore Fiasco — Our New Position — Private Haegau's Dilemma — 
Tiie Coming of Grant — The Assaults on Petersburg— Beauregard 
Evacuates Bermuda Hundred Lines — An Adventure of the Tenth 
Connecticut— The Arrival of Lee and the Flight of the "Hundred 
Days " Men — A Joke on Myself — Lee's Veterans Assault our Front, 
while Those of Grant are Assaulting Beauregard's Position at Peters- 
burg — Cessation of Attacks — Casualties. 

The picket skirmishing, that had died out to a large extent 
during the last week in May, became continuous again from this 
attack of June 2d. Our own regiment, when not on the picket 
line engaged in this desultory sort of warfare, was lying-in line of 
battle behind the heavy inner works of Bermuda Hundred. 
These works consisted of strong redans, or batteries, connected 
by infantry parapets, all with stout abatis in front, and with 
slashings wherever possible. From Beauregard's report, his men 
lay behind their somewhat similar works as anxiously as we did 
behind ours, both we and they in continual expectation of an 
assault. The truth is, that both Butler and Beauregard were 
afraid that their long and thinly manned lines might be assaulted 
and carried at any moment, each knowing his own weakness full 
well, and magnifying the strength of his opponent. Beauregard 
had the best ground for his fears. As the strongest numerically 
and occupying the inner and therefore the shorter lines of the 
opposing works, and with a strong fleet of gunboats in the river 
to fall back to the shelter of, in case of disaster, the initiative be- 
longed to us. And, indeed, a force did move out from our line 
the 9th of June to attack Petersburg. General Gillmore with 
3,000 infantry, accompanied by General Kautz with 1,500 cavalry, 
crossed the Appomattox on the ponton bridge at Port ^Yalthall in 
the early morning. Gilhnore moved out on the City Point Road, 
and Kautz moved to the left four or live miles to reach the Jeru- 
salem Plank Road. Gillmore finding tlie works before him strong 
ones, and apparently well manned, did not attempt to assault 



DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. 205 

them, returning to Bermuda Hundred that afternoon. Kautz 
attacked on the ijlank road with indifferent success at first, but 
finally flanked the enemy's line, forcing them out of their works, 
then marched on the city ; but reenforcements coming to the 
enemy and Gillmore not supporting him, Kautz was forced to 
withdraw. 

We may as well note here that General Gillmore was removed 
from command of the corps the 1-ith of June, the day General 
Grant arriyed at General Butler's headquarters. General Terry 
was placed in command of the corps proyisionally. 

It was during the period of this abortive expedition that we 
moved to the left and took position along the line that Howell's 
brigade had occupied, that brigade making part of Gillmore's 
inglorious expedition. While they were absent, the task of hold- 
ing not only the line of his own brigade, but that of Howell's, was 
intrusted to General Plaisted. We occupied this position from 
nine o'clock in the evening of June 8th until the night of the 
10th, when we were relieved by the Third New Hampshire. We 
found ourselves in a very exposed position -while on this part of 
the line. Our own camp was in a position of the line that was 
well refused, thus keeping us out of the line of rebel fire, the 
advanced picket line at Warebottom Church being a full quarter 
of a mile beyond our camp ground. But here the main lines 
were not far from each other. In "'The Knightly Soldier '' it is 
quoted from a letter of Major Camp that he visited a redoubt on 
this part of the line, commanded by Major Trumbull (a younger 
brother of Chaplain Trumbull), of the First Connecticut Artil- 
lery : '' Major Trumbull invited us this morning to the top of the 
parapet to examine the rebel works with greater care. The inter- 
est of the view was increased by his explanations. 'Just beneath 
are our own rifle pits. Yonder in the woods are theirs. Their 
sharpshooters post themselves in the woods and much nearer. I 
don't know how it will be to-day, but yesterday no officer could 
show himself here without finding himself a mark immediately. 
You'll see, if we get a shot, it will come from the thicket on the 
left. Between where we stand and that traverse [a few rods dis- 
tant] eight men have been picked off since Sunday.' " 

It was here that Private Peter Haegan, of D Company, stood his 
at the time famous all-night picket guard. The picket posts were 
in an open field, and in full sight of the enemy. So close were 



206 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

they to the rebel line that, to avoid the danger of a relieving party 
being mistaken by the enemy for an advance, the pickets were 
posted by threes, with orders to relieve each other during the niglit, 
two to sleej) and one to stand post. Peter went on post first, and 
his two comrades rolled themselves in their blankets, lay down a 
few rods to his rear, and went to sleep. After some hours, Peter 
thought it time he was relieved, and tried to attract the attention 
of his comrades by hemming and coughing. He did not dare to 
cry out, for a rebel picket post was stationed a few rods beyond 
him, and he feared he would draw a shot by doing so. But hem 
and haw and groan as he would, he could not seem to awaken the 
sleepers. They slept through it all, and it was not until daylight, 
when the outposts were withdrawn to safer quarters, that Peter 
was relieved. He was ferociously angry, not the less so because, 
as he declared, while he was sulfering agonies in trying to draw 
their attention and escape that of the rebels he could i)lainly hear 
them snickering and laughing together. They denied and denied, 
but never again would Peter go on post with either of the two. 

Before the battle of Cold Harbor was fought by the Army of 
the Potomac and the })ortion of the Army of the James sent to 
General Grant under General Smith, Grant had about given up 
all hope of breaking through Lee's defense on the north side of 
the James, and had planned, if this last effort failed, to move 
across the James to a position before Petersburg, hoping to be able 
to move so unexpectedly as to effect the capture of Petersburg 
and the turning of Beauregard's Bermuda Hundred line, and 
to cut off Confederate communication with North Carolina before 
Lee should realize Grant's object sufficiently to checkmate it by 
throwing the Army of Northern Virginia across the James and 
into the Confederate intrenchments at Bermuda Hundred and 
Petersburg in time to save them. No sooner was the result of 
the Battle of Cold Harbor plain to Grant than he began to prepare 
for this movement. Briefly, the orders now issued directed Gen- 
eral Smith to march the portion of the Army of the James with 
him to the White House, there to embark on the transports that 
had taken them from Bermuda Hundred in the last days of May, 
and to steam directly for Bermuda Hundred ; to land his men as 
soon as they arrived, and to move on Petersburg immediately. 

The Army of the Potomac was to concentrate at Wilcox's Land- 
ing, on the James, by different routes, and cross the river by a 



DEFEXDIXG THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. 207 

ponton bridge laid down between this lauding and Windmill Point, 
one just below City Point. As soon as a division was across the 
river it was to march directly to Smith's support, all the move- 
ments being so timed in the orders as to make them supporting 
ones. These movements were to be made under cover of cavalry 
movements, and a demonstration by the Fifth Corps, wliich was 
thrown boldly to the neighborhood of the White Oak Swamp 
hattlefield, to give Lee the idea that Grant^s movements were 
made with the intention of assaulting Richmond by the north 
side of the river, with his base protected by gunboats. 

The orders, as you have seen, gave the initiative of the move- 
ment to the part of the Army of the James under General Smith. 
He marched his troops to White House, reembarked, and 
sailed for Bermuda Hundred, arriving in the afternoon of June 
14th. The next morning Smith's force crossed the Appomattox 
by tlie ponton bridge at Broadway Landing, two miles from Port 
Walthall and eight from Petersburg. Assaulting the works they 
fount! in their front, they succeeded in carrying a long line of 
them. Divisions of the Army of the Potomac began to reach 
Smith's position that afternoon, but owing to the exhaustion of 
troops, missent orders, and various oth6r causes, the success of 
the forenoon was not followed up, and the 16th and 17th were 
spent by our forces in making assaults on the strong and, though 
mainly defended by artillery, still well-defended rebel works 
before Petersburg. The results were varying during these two 
days, but Beauregard held his ground, and on the I8th was heavily 
reenforced by Lee's veteran troo]i5. 

During this time we. the lines of Bermuda Hundred, were in 
hourly expectation on the IGth and 17th of the Army of Northern 
Virginia assaulting us, it having to pass so near us in moving 
down the pike and the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad to 
Beauregard's assistance, that it might easily hurl an assaulting 
column on our lines and, breaking through the inadeqtiate force 
with which we held them, assail Grant on the flank. 

While Beauregard, thoroughly alive to Grant's real purposes 
through the stories of scouts and spies, and the sifted admissions 
of the prisoners he captured on the loth, was showering telegrams 
on Lee and sending his aids with personal messages to Richmond, 
Lee was still on the north side of the James throwing out recon- 
noissances.in every direction in search of Grant's real course. 



208 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT. 

This delay of Lee forced Beauregard to hold his lines with a very 
small force against a constantly augmenting one. But these lines 
were formidable ones. A born engineer as well as one in educa- 
tion, Beauregard had from sheer restlessness already intrenched 
every practicable position around Petersburg, planting enfilad- 
ing batteries on all commanding points, and generally had already 
planned and arranged the lines of works that, with little modifi- 
cation of position, held Petersburg so long against our armies. 

Knowing that the force in his front was steadily growing as 
divisions of the Army of the Potomac came on the ground and 
went into position, and that the ICth would be a day of trial to 
him, the night of the 15th Beauregard determined to abandon the 
Bermuda Hundred line, trusting to the coming of Lee's troops to 
regain them. That night, under cover of a threatening demon- 
stration, he withdrew the force that held the Bermuda Hundred 
lines, leaving only a mask of pickets, virtually abandoning his 
whole line from the Howlett House to the Appomattox. He 
says that he had the guns and caissons of the Howlett House 
Battery removed and buried, the ground above them rearranged 
with sticks and leaves so as not to arouse any suspicion, and that 
this prize remained safely hidden until the Confederates had 
regained their line. 

Chaplain Trumbull, of the Tenth Connecticut, who was with 
his regiment on the picket line at the time, tells the story of the 
enemy^s hasty evacuation: "Soon after midnight word came to 
the reserve that the enemy had planted cannon so as to sweep 
the main road across which was the picket line, that he was 
massing troops for an attack at the right, and that he had ad- 
vanced his vedettes as if to make room for an attacking column. 
. That there was unusual activity on the part of the 
enemy there could be no doubt. The rumble of moving artillery 
and army wagons was distinctly heard ; and the clatter of swift- 
ridden horses, with the voices of officers giving orders, close at 
hand, mingled with the rattle of trains over the Petersburg track 
from far beyond. But whether all these movements indicated an 
evacuation, or an arrival of reenforcements for an attack, was an 
undecided but interesting question to the waiting listeners in the 
advanced rifle pits." Colonel Voris, of the Sixty-seventh Ohio, 
division officer of the day, received similar reports from all along 
the line. Orders were given for an advance at daybreak to learn 



DEFENDING THE BERMUDA UUXDREU FRONT. 209 

what was goiug on in front, and just in the gray of the morning 
the vedette line was reenforced and pushed forward to feel the 
enemy, who could still be heard, although not so plainly as a while 
before. Still, there was every reason to fear a warm reception. 
But the slender line passed over the pits so lately occupied by the 
enemy's picket posts, reached the abatis, tore a passageway 
through, and mounted the rebel intrenchments without opposi- 
tion. 

The captured works were soon occupied in force by our men, 
and General Terry pushed out with a body of troops to cut the 
Petersburg & Richmond Railroad. The Tenth Connecticut had 
the honor of occui)ying the Howlett House Battery, and it was 
there that they had a new experience, that of hoisting a white 
flag. Chaplain Trumbull tells the story. 

" Upon the river bank stood a house, once the residence of Dr. 
Howlett, a pleasant place still, with a magnificent prospect over 
the river, which wound two hundred feet beneath. From its roof, 
the spires of Richmond are plainly to be seen. . . . The 
house had been riddled with shells from our gunboats and moni- 
tors, which had made it, and a battery close beside it, their 
especial targets for weeks past. . . . Near this house we sat 
down to rest. The ice-house attached to it, still partially filled, 
furnished us with an unwonted luxury. The trees shaded a soft, 
grassy turf, and we thought ourselves well off in our temporary 
headquarters. . . . We strolled about the place examining 
the effects of shot and shell. One of the latter, a 15-inch play- 
thing from a monitor, lay unexploded half way down the steep 
hillside. Our boys amused themselves with rolling it to the 
bottom. 

"Lying down upon the grass, we were awaiting the arrival of 
the division, when a roar like that of a dozen shrieking locomo- 
tives came close at hand — a shriek which made the earth tremble 
beneath us ; and a tremendous explosion, all nearly simultaneous, 
startled us, not to use a stronger expression. Looking down the 
river, a cloud of white smoke, drifting away from the turret of a 
monitor, .showed us what it meant. A 100-pouud rifle shell 
had struck the bank just below us, and exploded there. We were 
supposed by our naval friends to be some of the rebels to whom 
they had been devoting their attention for a month past. While 
we still looked, another cloud of smoke rolled out from a second 
14 



210 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

porthole. "We jumped to cover, or threw ourselves flat upon the 
ground a second or two — and again the shell and explosion — the 
latter not far from overhead, while the huge fragments of a 200- 
joound shell from a 15-inch gun flew all around us, striking the 
trees close by, burying themselves in the earth, or whizzing past 
a redoubt some two hundred yards distant. The upshot of the 
adventure was that the party of the Tenth put out a white flag, 
when presently a boat put off from the monitor, a white flag fly- 
ing at her bow, and j)ulled towards us, the officer in charge prob- 
ably expecting to receive the surrender of a body of rebels. He 
was somewhat chagrined at the reception he received, but philo- 
sophically filled his boat with ice and returned to the monitor." 

The Eleventh Maine did not cross the captured works. It was 
placed in position at Warebottom Church, the regimental line 
crossing the road which led through our works, and into the rebel 
works. Here we passed the day in hourly exj)ectation of attack, 
for it was too much to expect that Lee's veterans now marching 
down the turnpike would be satisfied with occupying the rebel 
works, but that they would pour over it and assault our position. 
We did not expect the troops now holding the captured works in 
our immediate front to make any defense. It was composed of 
a force of one hundred days men from Ohio — good material 
enough, but in the nature of things quite undisciplined, mere 
raw recruits, and without the veteran organization of officers and 
men that enabled our own new men to do such good work. Tliey 
held their position beautifully so long as they were not troubled 
by the Confederates ; but along in the afternoon a commotion was 
visible among them, then a few came hurrying over the works 
they were in, then more and more, a confused firing was heard, 
then the "rebel yell" rose clear and shrill, and the whole force of 
Ohio men came flocking over the works and across the slashing, a 
strong skirmish line of gray-clothed soldiers moving after them — 
the van of Lee's army. The hundred days men came tearing 
towards us at the top of their speed'' without order, or orders, so far 
as could be seen. We opened ranks to let them through, the 
scared, white-faced flock of sheep, one of them, I remember, hold- 
ing up a hand from which the blood was trickling from a scratch 
probably made by a limb of a fallen tree of the slashing, lamen- 
tably crying, "I'm wounded, I'm wounded," while our men 
roared with laughter. What would' have become of them — 



DEFEXDIXG THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. 211 

whether they would have stopped short of Ohio — I do not know, 
had not a reserve regiment deployed with fixed bayonets and 
forced them into something like order. 

But we had no time for enjoyment of this part of the comedy. 
Closing up as the Ohio men ])assed through us, we turned so 
heavy a fire on the advancing lines of the enemy that they stopped, 
staggered, fell back, and finally retired to their recaptured works. 

And right here I must tell a little Joke on the writer of this. 
Covering the road, or sally port, through the works by the old 
church was an outlying work, a short, strong breastwork covered 
by abatis. In expectation of the enemy's onslaught, Colonel 
Plaisted, brigade commander, and in especial charge of our posi- 
tion, directed me to enter this outwork with a body of picked 
men, and to hold it at all hazards. Here we placed ourselves in 
position to open a vigorous fire on the enemy when he should 
sweep across the slashing and around the ends of our little work. 
The enemy appeared, crossed the works before us, and the hun- 
dred days men having been cleared away, our line opened a terri- 
ble fire on the advancing rebels. "Well, do you know, there were 
so many of our men that failed to aim at the enemy, but let fly 
right ahead, that a shower of bullets whistled from the rear 
around our heads, thudded in the earth around our bodies, and 
the first order I was called upon to give was, '' Flat on the ground, 
for your lives," at the same time setting the fashion. And in- 
stantly every man of our little party was hugging the ground with 
me. When the hailstorm ceased we sat up and looked each 
other over. All safe, but how we roared with laughter at the 
ridiculous part we had played in the little melee. And our friends 
in the line laughed with and at us — even General Plaisted's anx- 
ious face relaxing a trifle at the comic part his advanced party 
had played in the affray. 

Had we occupied Beauregard's temjjorarily abandoned line in 
force, a very different story might have resulted from that day's 
work. General Humphreys says : " When General Grant learned 
on the 16th that General Butler occupied General Beauregard's 
Bermuda Hundred lines, being anxious that they should be held 
and a footing on the railroad secured, he directed General Meade 
to send General Wright with two of his divisions by boat to Gen- 
eral Butler, when they abandoned the crossing place of the army. 
Accordingly, they embarked at midnight, and on the morning of 



212 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

the 17th General Wright reported to General Butler, but Beaure- 
gard's lines were then held by Pickett and Field, and General 
Wright was directed to support General Terry in an attack upon 
them. The attack, however, giving no great promise of success, 
was not made." 

General Osborn says that at daybreak of June 17th the Con- 
federates assaulted the Union line in our front, and were repulsed, 
but when they assaulted in the afternoon they broke through a 
portion of the line, driving it back. Captain Maxfield's diary 
states that in the evening of the 17th the Eleventh charged to 
supjDort the left of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, where some 
one hundred days men had given way — our Ohio runaways again. 
And for the 18tli his diary states that we had fallen back to the 
old line of rifle pits, back of the church, and that either inten- 
tionally or by accident the rebels set fire to the recaptured church, 
and it was burned to the ground. 

A letter written by Major Camp, of the Tenth Connecticut, 
and published in " The Knightly Soldier," indicates that the 18th 
of June was an exciting day, one of assaults and of counter 
assaults, on the Bermuda Hundred front as well as before Peters- 
burg, where the Army of the Potomac, reenforced by all that 
could be spared of the Army of the James, was engaged in assault- 
ing the enemy's works. 

The Major wrote : " At half-past three Saturday morning 
(June 18th) we were ordered out to support the Eleventh Maine, 
occupying the right of the picket line. The fire came from all 
directions. One gun on our front seemed never to fail ; every shell 
which it sent burst over some part of our line, as if thrown like a 
hand' grenade. Another, far to our right, flung its shells a few 
feet above our heads, and on they went, crashing through the 
trees with a swift succession of sharp reports, mingling with the 
shrieks, as tree-trunks snapped like pipe stems, their tops whirled 
in air. ... At length there was a lull, a little time of utter quiet, 
then came that for which all this had been only preparing : a 
wild yell sounded through the woods upon our left, and in a 
moment more there mingled with it the crack of a thousand 
rifles." 

The night of June 18th, after the corps of the Army of the 
Potomac had made a series of desperate and bloody assaults on the 
Confederate works at Petersburg — works that military authorities 



DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. 213 

agree should have been taken the 15th, could have been taken the 
16tb, might have been taken on the 17th, but that were impreg- 
nable for the time, now that the divisions of the Army of Northern 
Virginia were behind them — General Grant, recognizing the futil- 
ity of further direct efforts against Petersburg, gave orders that 
all assaults should cease, and that the positions gained by the sev- 
eral corps close against the enemy's line should be intrenched. 
General Humphreys says of these intrenchments : "The two 
opposing lines of works before Petersburg remained substantially 
the same in position to the close of the war.'' 

Casualties from June Sth to June 18th. 

June St/i. 
Company A. — Wounded, Private Francis Poor. 

Ju7ie 16th. 
Company A. — Wounded, Private George H. Richardson. 
Company G. — Wounded, Private Josiah L. Bennett. 
Comjjany E. — Wounded, Corporal Josiah Furbish. 

June 17th. 
Company B. — Wounded, Private Charles E. Carter. 
Company D. — Wounded, Corporal Stephen E. Bearce. 
Company K. — Wounded, Private William L. Harmon. 

June ISth. 

Company A. — Wounded, Corporal Sylvester Stone, Private 
William S. Heald. 

Company B. — Wounded, Private John R. Weeks. 

Company G. — Prisoners, Private William T. Cressey, George 
W, Hamor, Annable Martin, George Peacquette. 

Company K. — Wounded, Private John Green. 

Wounded, 11 ; prisoners, 4 — total, 15. 



CHAPTEE XXII. 

AT DEEP BOTTOM. 

We Cross the James and Capture Deep Bottom Bluff — Its Advantages as 
a Base of Operations on the North Side — Finding a "Pot of Gold" 
— Hill and Baldwin Promoted — A False Alarm — Raiding the Enemy's 
Sources of Supply — Capturing Pickets to Secure Information — Colo- 
nel Hill's Adventure — The Rebels Shell Us. — Colonel Hill Leads an 
Attack on the Enemy and is Commended in Reports — Colonel Plaisted 
Commands the Eleventh and the Tenth Connecticut in Operations on 
Strawberry Plains — Hard Fighting — A Sad Accident — Grant's Object 
— Arrival of Hancock and Sheridan — Miles's Brigade, assisted by the 
Tenth Connecticut, Captures Four Twenty-pound Guns — The Move- 
ments of Hancock and Sheridan — General Grant on the Ground — 
Report of a Rebel Prisoner — Hancock's Troops Withdrawn — We Re- 
tire to the Bluff — Casualties. 

In the afternoon of the 20th of June our brigade broke camp, and 
at five o'clock took up a line of march that brought us to Jones's 
Landing on the James. Crossing the river in ponton boats after 
dark, we landed on a bluff on the north shore of Deep Bottom. 
The position was picketed by the enemy when we landed, but their 
pickets retired quickly before the advance of our brigade skirmish 
line, which was under command of Colonel Otis, of the Tenth 
Connecticut. His line pushed that of the enemy back for a con- 
siderable distance through the darkness, and was tlien halted and 
established as a picket line. 

Deep Bottom is the. name of the very deep and wide mouth of 
two creeks. The principal creek, Bailey's, runs north and south, 
crossing the Newmarket and the Darbytown roads in its course. 
Four Mile Creek flows into the head of Deep Bottom from a south- 
westerly direction, flowing along the front of where our picket line 
was establisiied, which was at about five hundred yards from the 
outer rifle pits of our intrenched camp. Three Mile Creek flows 
from so westerly a course as to run at rather more than a right 
angle to Bailey's Creek. It ran along the front of our fortifica- 
tions, which it finally intersected, flowing into the James just 
above the ponton bridge landing. 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 215 

Deep Bottom, as the position we occupied was now called, was 
a wooded bluff when we secured it, but it was bare enough before 
many days, so vigorously did details from our regiment ply their 
axes, while other fatigue parties from regiments of the brigade 
were throwing up a strong line of intrenchments that, with gun- 
boats anchored on the flanks, presented a practically impregnable 
'' bridge head " to the enemy, covering the north end of the pon- 
ton bridge now laid down to the south shore of the James. And 
a second ponton bridge was then laid across the river from a point 
below the mouth of Deep Run, and its north-side landing was 
covered with a redan that was not permanently occupied, nor was 
the bridge laid except when needed for raiding purposes, this 
lower position being so thoroughly under the fire of the gunboats 
that it could be occupied at any time without interference from 
the rebels. This lower bridge opened a road to Strawberry Plains, 
— a broad stretch of cleared land occupying a large part of CurFs 
Neck — a convex bend of the James that, on the map, fits neatly 
into a concavity of the Bermuda Hundred peninsula. 

The enemy was strongly intrenched opposite our camps on Deep 
Bottom Bluff, their works extending from near Chapin's Bluff to 
the mouth of Baile/s Creek, and along the creek to FusselFs 
Mills, near its rise, at about five miles from Deep Run. From 
Fussell's Mills their line was sharply " refused," as the term is, 
bearing away to the west. They occupied an advanced position 
in the woods opposite the lower bridge, but at such a distance from 
the river that it was not at the mercy of the gunboats. This ad- 
vanced Confederate position covered the river road, which runs 
out of the Newmarket road just to the west of Bailey's Creek, and, 
traversing the wooded edge of Strawberry Plains, runs down the 
river to Malvern Hill, and beyond. 

As we have said, the camps of our brigade were on Deep Bot- 
tom Bluff. To the left of our works a field extended for a dis- 
tance, reaching back from the river and over the brow of a long 
rise at some distance from the river. The Confederates had 
established an outwork on the further slope of this hill, just peep- 
ing over it, from which to shell our gunboats, but they made 
little resistance to our advance, abandoning the position at our 
approach. Their main works were beyond this position, and 
were screened from our observation by woods which thickened 
towards the river as they extended east until a thick woods ran 



216 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

close to our works, running all along Deep Bottom and up along 
Bailey's Creek, the bluff we occupied having been hewn out of 
this forest growth by our axemen. Our picket line extended 
from the creek through the woods, then swung back through the 
field on the left to the river. Near the mouth of Four Mile 
Creek, at a point near the river road, we maintained a force of 
observation. This responsible and honorable post was held by 
Companies A and H of our regiment, and was comnuinded by 
Captain Lawrence. 

We occupied Deep Bottom for two months, General Grant 
making it the base of his operations on the north side of the 
James, operations in which we participated, fighting all along the 
rebel line of fortifications from Deep Bottom to Fussell's Mills. 

During the rest of June, and until after the middle of July, 
there was little activity displayed on either side of the James. 
The weather was very hot and oppressive, as it was during the 
whole summer. The pickets were on amicable terms, and rarely 
came in collision, and bodies of the enemy were rarely seen, the 
gunboats making it their business to throw shells at any troop of 
cavalry or party of infantry that ventured from the cover of the 
woods, either above us on the river or on Strawberry Plains. 

Incidents of interest were few now. On the 2"^(1 of June, 
members of the Tenth Connecticut found a so-called " pot of 
gold " in the ruins of a burned house while throwing up intrench- 
ments on Strawberry Plains. A member of the regiment tells us 
that the finder became so excited at his discovery tliat, instead of 
quickly disposing the treasure in his clothes, he yelled to his 
comrades, and they promptly entered into such an effective 
scrambling match for the gold that the finder was very little 
richer for his discovery. 

On the 29th of June, in the forenoon, a rebel battery opened 
on the gunboats from a position at the head of Strawberry Plains, 
on the river road. One shot struck a gunboat, but a monitor 
dropped down and threw a few shells in the battery's direction, 
and it quickly became silent. 

On the 1st day of July, Brigadier-General R. S. Foster assumed 
command of the brigade, and Colonel Plaisted returned to the 
regiment. Colonel Plaisted had not been in direct command of 
the regiment, except for a few days at a time — as while on its way 
from Fernaudina to Morris Island, and again on its way north — 



AT DEKP BOTTOM. 217 

for over a year. When we went from Beaufort, S. C, to Fer- 
nandina, he was phiced in command of the post covering the 
whole of Amelia Island. Tiien he commanded our hrigade on 
Morris Island, and had now held command of the brigade we 
were in since it was formed at Gloucester Point, conducting its 
operations at Bermuda Hundred and during the advance on 
Richmond. 

On the 3d of July JVIajor Hill was mustered as Lieutenant- 
Colonel, and Captain Baldwin, of Company B, as Major. The 
promotion of Major Hill was peculiarly gratifying to the regi- 
ment, and that of Captain Baldwin was received with favor, for 
he was known as a bravo and alert officer and a cultivated gen- 
tleman. 

At three o'clock in the morning of July 5th we were turned 
out and went into the rifle pits. It appears that General Weit- 
zel, Butler's chief of staff, had heard, probably through a 
deserter, that our position was to be assaulted at daylight by 
5,000 men. This information he gave to General Butler, who 
sent General Foster orders to Ije ready to meet the assailants. 
They did not materialize. The next morning we were turned out 
at the same hour, as there had been picket firing during the night 
on our line ; only an outpost flurry, as it turned out. 

In the evening of the 11th of July a force from the Tenth 
Connecticut went up the river and destroyed a mill that was 
grinding a hundred bushels of meal daily for the Confederate 
commissary department. They also burned several other build- 
ings that were serving the purposes of the Confederacy, and cap- 
tured fourteen men and an officer, and returned without loss. 
About this time scouting parties from Captain Lawrence's com- 
mand sallied out and fired large stores of grain which were in- 
tended for the Confederates. 

On the 13th our regiment was on picket under command of 
Major Baldwin. It was posted in the woods before our works. 
During the day the Major advanced a force of twelve men of 
Company C, under command of Captain Nickels, and made a 
descent on the enemy's picket posts, capturing two men. There 
were features of this little diversion that make it worth recording 
here. Colonel Baldwin writes of it as follows : "I had charge of 
the regiment on picket. As the general had expressed a desire to 
know what was going on in his frout, I decided to go through the 



218 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

woods in front of our line and find out what there might be 
beyond. The day was especially propitious for such a movement, 
as the rain had thoroughly soaked the dry leaves and twigs so 
that we could go through the woods as silently as cats, while by 
bending down low we were completely hidden by the green under- 
growth. I invited Captain Nickels to accompany me, and he, of 
course, accepted the invitation with his customary alacrity. We 
then selected a number of cool, steady men. After enjoining 
strict silence upon them, and giving them a short drill in moving 
forward, back, and by the flank at signal, we started forward." 

We will let First Sergeant Miller, of Company C, tell the rest 
of the story: "When we were deployed, Captain Nickels took 
position on the right, and ordered me to take the left. We moved 
forward and soon entered an almost impassable thicket of small 
trees, the foliage of which was thoroughly saturated with water 
from the recent rain. By reason of the dense growth, we obliqued 
to the right and left to find accessible passages, and I soon be- 
came conscious that the line was broken, and that five men were 
with me and the balance were with Nickels. I took a hasty run 
to the right, but as I saw nothing of Nickels or his men I re- 
turned to the left, and ordered the men to oblique to the right 
and try and make a connection before we should encounter the 
enemy. On the extreme left was the recruit Morse, who, by the 
way, was an old hunter, and a dead shot. He carried a rifle with 
which he had been presented by Colonel Plaisted. I ran down 
the line, which was halted, until I came to this man, who was at 
the edge of the woods bordering a road which was parallel with 
our line. I hastily glanced up and down this road, but as I saw 
nothing I ordered Morse to follow me, and try and connect the 
line. When I came to the other men they informed me that 
Morse had been talking with a Reb. I replied that he had been 
talking with me ; but they insisted that such was the fact. So I 
ordered a halt and questioned Morse, who admitted that he had 
bidden a Reb 'good morning,' with the remark that 'it was 
very wet.' I asked him why he did not order his surrender, and 
he allowed that that was a part of the play with which he was 
entirely unfamiliar. So I immediately ordered him to return to 
his old position with two men, while I entered the road with the 
other two, and performed a front and flank movement on the 
rebel position, which was accompanied with yells and oaths suffi- 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 219 

cient to bring any ordinary ' Johnnie ' into submission. At my 
request he came from behind a pile of wood, with which he was 
surrounded, but I ordered him to return and bring the musket, 
which he, in his haste to obey, had forgotten. After making my 
capture, I immediately started to find Nickels. I had not gone far 
before I heard shouts and yells, in which, I was sure, the familiar, 
stentorian voice of the commander of Company C was freely min- 
gled. I did not witness the proceedings of this capture, but 
Nickels told me at the time how it happened. He said : ' When 
I came out of the thicket, I entered a growth of large oak trees, 
free from underbrush, and I at once saw the location of my man, 
who held a position in a road running back to the rebel line, the 
position of the post being between two hills. I saw my method 
of capture, which must be bloodless, if possible. I left a part of 
my men in front, with instructions to keep running from tree to 
tree, to attract his attention, while I made a detour with the bal- 
ance to come down on his flank. It worked like a charm, and if 
you ever saw a surprised lad of eighteen summers it was my boy 
of the rebel post when he discovered the muskets with which he 
was covered upon turning his head at the command, *' Surrender ! " 
But he was jilucky, and ordered us to surrender against the great 
odds with which he was confronted. And that was the cause of 
our lusty yells, to prevent him from being rash enough to shoot, 
and to prevent my men from shooting him.^ 

"We returned to our line with the prisoners, whom we invited 
to breakfast with us on the baked beans and hot coffee with which 
the cook had just arrived. The young fellow, who was fier}^ and 
took his capture at heart, at first declined, declaring that he had 
just partaken of a breakfast much better than we could offer, but 
when we opened his haversack he had to acknowledge the corn. 
The old man was past sixty, and declared the Confederacy a 
failure, which raised the indignation of the youngster, who called 
him Grandpa. After breakfast they were sent to General 
Foster." 

There was a constant desire at headquarters to know what was 
going on in our front, and scouting parties were out almost daily, 
often taking desperate risks to get the coveted information. 
Boldness and quickness of wit were imperative necessities in the 
make-up of the scouts, and these qualities often extracted these 
venturesome men from most embarrassing situations. Our own 



220 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

General Hill, then our Lieutenant-Colonel, was one of the bold- 
est of our scouts, often volunteering, despite his rank, for the 
dangerous service just to escape the dullness of camp life. An 
adventure of his in this month of July will give an idea of the 
risks he and other brave men ran, and of the nonchalance with 
which they faced unexpected dangers. 

General Foster had requested him to go out through the big 
cornfield already told of, and learn what he could of the force of 
the rebels in our front, and to do it in his own way. Taking a 
couple of orderlies with him. Colonel Hill rode into the interior 
until he judged that he was a mile from the river. Not having 
seen any rebels yet, he then bore to the left to strike the river 
away above us, intending to ride down along the river bank to 
Deep Bottom. After riding for about a half-mile toward the 
river, he suddenly rode into the rear of an undeployed rebel 
picket force of about twenty-five men. As they clustered around 
him, their officer laughingly asked the Colonel where he was 
going. Personally the Colonel felt very sure that he was going 
to Richmond, however much against his will, but putting on a 
bold face, he answered that he had ridden out to get the news by 
exchanging papers with them. " This is pretty cool," said the 
rebel oflBcer ; "let me see your papers."' Luckily the Colonel had 
a copy of the New York Tribune and one of the Philadelphia 
Inquirer in his pocket, and luckily, too, a rebel sergeant here said, 
"This is the same officer that sent us a paper the other day." 
This was so, the Colonel a week before, when officer of the day, 
having effected an exchange of papers with this sergeant through 
the medium of one of our men, when the sergeant must have 
taken a sharp look at the officer Avho moved so coolly along a 
dangerous picket line. " Well," said the good-natured rebel lieu- 
tenant, " I guess I will let you go ; you look as though you were 
telling the truth. But I must say you took a good deal of pains 
to come so far, and to come in our rear, too." 

The Colonel answered that he got lost in riding out, and was try- 
ing to find his way into camp when he rode up to them. Drifting 
into a general conversation, each party covertly tried to learn a 
little something concerning the other's force on that side of the 
river, until tiie Colonel embraced a good opportunity to make his 
adieus. As he rode away with his eager orderlies riding at his 
heels, the Confederate officer, on whom the real purpose of the 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 221 

Colonel's mission had dawned, but who was too honorable to take 
back his given word, called out : ** Remember this, you can't play 
at exchanging papers with me again." With this friendly warn- 
ing from the "good fellow,"' as General Hill rightly calls him, 
ringing in tlieir ears, the little Union party spurred its horses into 
a magnificent burst of speed that quickly took it out of all pos- 
sible danger of having to obey a recall. 

On the IGth of July the rebels ran guns into the battery at the 
head of Strawberry Plains and began shelling the gunboats, at the 
same time turning a couple of guns on the bluff. A shot that 
struck the gunboat Mendota killed and wounded several men, and 
a horse was killed at brigade headquarters. The gunboats soon 
got the range, and the guns were quickly withdrawn. But this 
desultory warfare was now to be superseded by operations ordered 
by General Grant. Foster's command was to engage in reconnoi- 
tering the enemy's front. 

On the 31st of July the Eleventh crossed to Strawberry Plains 
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hill, Colonel Plaisted 
having command of the brigade, while General Foster had that of 
the division and General Terry of the corps. General Brooks, 
who had been in command of the corps since June 18th, had 
resigned his commission on account of wounds and impaired 
health. The regiment pushed up along the creek and moved 
against the battery, on the river road, that had shelled our camp. 
Eleven prisoners fell into our hands. Then the surprised rebels 
showing in strong force, something like a brigade, the regiment 
fell back and returned to the bluff. 

On the 22d the regiment again crossed to the Plains, and cap- 
tured the position it had retired from the day before, driving 
away about three hundred of the Hampton Legion. Colonel 
Hill's orders were to hold the position if possible. He sent Ser- 
geant-MaJor Morton to General Foster to report that he had cap- 
tured the position, but feared that it could not be held during 
the night unless a reenforcement of two hundred men was sent 
him. The Sergeant-Major returned with instructions to fall back 
if the reenforcement did not come by dark, and as it did not, the 
command retired to the fortifications on Strawberry Plains. 

During this day the division commander issued the following 
special order to the division concerning the operations of the 21st 
' and 22d : 



222 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT. 

Headquarters, 1st Div. 10th A. C, 
Deep Bottom, Va., July 22, 1864. 

Special Orders, JVo. 78. 

The Brig.-Gen. commanding takes pleasure in acknowledging 
the yalne and importance of the service to the command, rendered 
by Lieut. -Col. Hill with the Eleventh Maine Vols., of the 3d 
Brigade (Col. H. M. Plaisted comdg.), in taking and occup^'ing 
the position so near the Newmarket and Malvern Hill road, and 
in front of the enemy's position. This position, if maintained, is 
of like importance to this command and the enemy. It severs the 
enemy's communication with Malvern Hill, and prevents the in- 
terruption of navigation at this point, as well as preventing the 
annoyance caused by the enemy's batteries stationed near the road. 
It was accomplished with slight loss to us, and resulted in the 
capture of a number of prisoners, among them a commissioned 
officer. 



By order of Brig. 


-Gen. R. 


S. Foster, 


(Signed,) 
Official : 


P. 

Capt. 


A. Davis, 
& A. A. Genl. 


(Signed,) W. L. Savage, 

Lieut. & A. D. C. 







On the 23d another advance on Strawberry Plains was made by 
our regiment. The enemy was out in force, but after a sharp 
fight we forced our way to the coveted position near the river 
road, losing two men killed and four wounded. Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Hill sent Sergeant-Major Morton to General Foster to report 
that the enemy were assuming the offensive, and were pushing 
him hard, and he might not be able to hold the ground he had 
taken. General Foster sent him orders to fall back, but Colonel 
Hill held his ground until night, when, a regiment of the Nine- 
teenth Corps (a portion of which corps was landing on the river), 
coming to our support, we continued in position during the night, 
lying in line on our arms. 

In the early morning of the 24th our force was moved rapidly 
forward by Colonel Hill, and, despite the determined resistance of 
the surprised but undaunted rebels, we drove them from their 
works, crossed the road, and forced our way for some distance 
beyond it, thereby completely severing their line of communica- 
tion with their forces at Malvern Hill. After accomplishing this, 
the object of the fighting we had been doing on the Plains, we 
7'etired a short distance to a strong position along the road, which 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 223 

we turned over to two regiments of the Nineteenth Corps, and 
returned to our camp on the bluff for much-needed rest. 

During the day General Foster communicated with Department 
Headquarters, as follows, receiving the answer we print with his 

communication : 

Headquarters, U. S. Forces, 
Deep Bottom, Va., July 24, 1864. 

Lieut. -Col. Ed. W. Smith, 
A. A. Genl. 10th A. C. 

Sir : I have the honor to report that this morning at da3iight 
the Eleventh Maine (Col. Plaisted), acting under my orders, 
advanced and took possession of the enemy's battery, and now 
hold it with their picket line about fifty yards beyond and across 
the Newmarket and Malvern Hill road. 

I endeavored to take the place yesterday, but it was held by a 
strong force, and I could not drive them out without losing more 
men than I thought the place worth. The Eleventh Maine lost 
yesterday two (3) killed and six (G) wounded. This regiment is 
one deserving of great credit, having been continually engaged 
for three days and nights, and although confronting a superior 
force, driving them in every instance. 

I am, respectfully. 

Your obedt. servt., 
(Signed,) R. S. Foster, 

Official: Brng.-Gen. Comdg. 

(Signed,) P. A. Davis, 

Capt. & A. A. G. 

UisriTED States Military Telegraph. 
By Telegraph from Department Headquarters. 

Dated Jtilij 24, 1864. 
To General E. S. Foster. 

The General commanding understands fully the importance of 
the service rendered by the Eleventh Maine, and has given tliem 
credit on his book for the full amount. I telegraphed Genl. 
Grant last night that I felt confident you would take and hold 
that battery now. 

(Signed,) G. Weitzel, 

Br in. -Gen., Ch ief of Staff. 
Official : 
(Signed,) P. A. Davis, 

Capt. d-A.A. G. 

The following paragraph appeared in the newspapers through- 
out the country, dated the morning of the very day we were 



22-4 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT, 

contesting the possession of Strawberry Plains with a body of the 
enemy that had overwhelmed the troops that had relieved iis on 
the 24th : 

Prom the Army of tlie Potoinac---Iuiportant 
Position Held by tlie lltli Maine. 

New York, July 26. The Army of the Poto- 
mac correspondence in the morning papers states 
that there are repeated renewals of artillery firing 
at different points along the line. 

The important position at Strawberry Plains is 
successfully held by the 11th Maine regiment, 
thus eflectually preventing the erection of a rebel 
battery at a strategic point. 

Just before midnight of the 35th of July the rebels assailed the 
regiments of the Nineteenth Corps, that we had left in possession 
of the ground we bad taken on the 24th, and drove them into the 
works that covered the ponton bridge landing. Our brigade was 
aroused by the firing, and the regiments went into the works on 
the bluff in anticipation of a general attack. In the early morn- 
ing of the 2Gth, the Eleventh was ordered over the creek, and, 
with the Tenth Connecticut in support, moved in skirmish order 
through the woods along Deep Run. As senior officer. Colonel 
Plaisted was in command of the two regiments engaged in this 
movement, having returned to the command of the Eleventh, 
General Foster having resumed that of the brigade and Terry of 
the division, as Major-General Birney had assumed command of 
the corps on the 23d of July. 

Colonel Plaisted gave Lieutenant-Colonel llill command of the 
advance, keeping the Tenth Connecticut within supporting dis- 
tance ; and although the enemy was in force and determined to 
hold their ground, so judicious were his arrangements, and so 
vigorously were the skirmishers of the Eleventh advanced by 
Colonel Hill, that we forced the enemy steadily back, while the 
gunboats shelled the woods beyond us, and a battery in the redan 
swept the woods to the right. 

The firing was very severe, and in the afternoon the supply of 
ammunition became so low that Scrgeant-]\Iajor Morton was sent 
across the bridge to the camp of the First Maryland Cavalry, 
dismounted and serving in our l^rigade as infantry, for a fresh 
supply. By night, although we had not retaken the lost i)osition, 
still we had forced our way so far forward as to command the 
road with our rifles, and to alarm the rebels to such an extent 
that they were engaged all night in active preparation to assault 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 225 

at daylight, little thinking that Hancock with his three divisions 
of infantry, and Sheridan with two of cavalry, were then march- 
ing from Petersburg to Strawberry Plains. At dusk, after losing 
one man killed and twenty-one wounded, we were relieved by the 
Tenth Connecticut, and, retiring to the redan on Strawberry 
Plains, we lay in support for the night. 

During the day we had been reenforced by Companies A and H, 
these companies gallantly volunteering to go to the assistance of 
their comrades. An unhappy incident of the day was the burst- 
ing of one of our gunboat shells among our men. It exploded 
prematurely and just behind our center rifle pits — hastily scooped 
out pits, unconnected, shallow, with logs forming half their 
front ; exploded at just the most dangerous distance, throwing 
its fragments among the men, wounding twelve, all mortally or 
very seriously. 

Chaplain Trumbull, of the Tenth Connecticut, tells in '* The 
Knightly Soldier " of the work done by the Eleventh on the 26th 
as it appeared to the members of the supporting regiment : 
" After a night under arms in the Deep Bottom intrenchments, 
the Tenth moved over Four Mile Creek to Strawberry Plains, 
near Haxall's Landing, on the morning of July 26th, to assist the 
Eleventh Maine in retaking a line of rebel rifle-pits on the Mal- 
vern Hill road captured by the latter regiment, and yielded by a 
portion of the Nineteenth Corps. The sun and fire, both artil- 
lery and musketry, were extremely hot that day. The fighting 
was Indian style, man to man, from tree to tree, the Union 
skirmish line pushing the enemy's back steadily, or rather forcing 
a way, wedge-shaped, into it. When evening came the handful 
of men from General Foster's command held a salient angle in 
the woods, running into the enemy's position of the morning, 
where they were fronted and flanked by a superior force." Then 
he tells the story of the night the Tenth held the ground we had 
wrested from the enemy during the day : " The opposing picket 
posts were for a portion of the way within a few yards of each 
other ; so that even a heavily drawn breath could be heard across 
the line, and conversation in an ordinary tone was distinctly 
audible. General Grant had telegraphed an order, just before 
night, to hold every inch that had been gained, he promising help 
before morning. The pickets of the Tenth lay concealed in the 
low underbrush. If they discovered themselves by the crackling 
15 



226 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

of a twig, they were liable to be silenced by a shot from jnst in 
their front ; and the preparations for the morning, which they 
could hear the enemy making, were anything but encouraging. 
Artillei'y was brought down, and so planted that the pickets could 
almost have looked into the gun-muzzles ; while a single discharge 
of grape from the battery could sweep them away like chaff from 
the enfiladed picket line. They could hear the braggarts' threats 
of annihilation of the venturesome Yankees when the daylight 
came, and they realized their danger ; yet all who were unwounded 
remained there firm and true." 

The operations of our regiment on Strawberry Plains were 
preliminary to a movement General Grant had planned against 
the enemy's left flank, resting on our side of the James, and 
directly in our front. General Walker, Assistant Adjutant- 
General of the Second Corps, says in his history of that corps that 
General Grant's plan was that the Second Corps and two divisions 
of cavalry under Sheridan, making an all-night march across 
Bermuda Hundred, should cross the bridges over the James, and 
break the enemy's line, which was not supposed to be held by any 
considerable force, driving the Confederates back to Chapin's 
Bluff. In the event of Hancock's success, Sheridan was then to 
push across the James, and attempt Richmond by a sudden dash. 
If, however, as was most probable, the works defending the city 
were too strongly held to allow its capture, Sheridan was to pro- 
ceed to the north of Richmond, and thoroughly destroy the two 
railroads on that side as far as the Anna Rivers. He was to be 
reenforced by Kautz's cavalry division, from the Army of the 
James. And Grant thought, too, that Hancock's movement to 
the north of the James might draw away from Petersburg a large 
part of its defenders, and prepare the way for exploding Burn- 
side's mine. 

It was Grant's plan, says General Walker, that the infantry 
should cross by the upper bridge, and move at once on Chapin's 
Bluff, while the cavalry, crossing by the lower bridge, should be 
making its way towards Richmond. When, however. General 
Hancock arrived at Foster's headquarters, he ascertained that 
the enemy had drawn a line of works around the upper bridge, 
which was held in considerable force. As it seemed undesirable 
that the movement which had been embarked upon should begin, 
and perhaps end, with an assault. General Hancock reported the 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 227 

situatiou by telegraph to General Meade, who authorized the 
infantry to cross by the lower bridge, the cavalry to await their 
turn. This, however, constituted a very different situation from 
that which had been contemplated. It placed Bailey's Creek 
between Hancock and his objective point, Chapin's Bluff. Should 
the stream be found to afford a good natural line of defense, a 
force which could not have fought Hancock an hour on the other 
side of the creek might be enabled to resist him, on this side, long 
enough to defeat the first purpose of the expedition. Hancock on 
his part, appreciating the situatiou, sought to cross his troops 
rapidly, and to push them vigorously up the course of the stream, 
with a view to seizing if not one, then another of its crossings. 
General Foster, meanwhile, undertook to threaten the enemy 
holding the works against the upper bridge, and thus prevent 
their being detached to move up the creek. 

We were present at the crossing of Hancock's troops, and saw 
the skirmishers of Mdtt's division — three regiments from General 
Miles's brigade accompanied by himself — as they moved across the 
fields towards the enemy's position on the river road, and, attack- 
ing by the flank, drive them away, capturing the four 20-pound 
Parrott guns brought down in the nigiit for the destruction of our 
little force. The captors were materially aided in securing these 
guns by the Tenth Connecticut, whose men, from their position 
covering the river road, opened such a hot fire as to make it 
impossible for horses to be brought down to haul the guns off. 

General Walker goes on to say that, after the enemy were driven 
from this position, and from one on the right toward Malvern 
Hill, and the way was cleared to the investment of the Bailey's 
Creek line, they were found in well-constructed works, appar- 
ently well manned and covered by abatis. The position as devel- 
oped was one of great natural strength, the creek itself, as stated 
by General Morgan (Chief of Staff of the Second Corps), being 
an obstacle that could not be passed by a line of battle, while the 
intervening ground, being perfectly open, could be swept from 
end to end by both musketry and artillery fire. A close inspec- 
tion showing that the result of an assault would be doubtful, 
everything was now bent to turning the enemy's flank. To this 
end the cavalry moved out on the right, and after a spirited fight 
found that the enemy's line was sharply refused beyond Fussell's 
Mill. Then Gibbon's division was left to hold the front, while 



228 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT, 

Mott's and Barlow^s divisions moyed to the support of the cav- 
alry. Barlow made a vigorous reconnoissance along their right, 
but could not find the extreme flank of the enemy, who was now 
being heavily reenforced. 

While these operations were going on. General Grant rode over 
the river, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, and visited the 
front. Owing to the great length of the Union line he failed to 
find Hancock, but left a note telling him that he had ridden along 
the line and did not see that much was likely to result from the 
movement, but still desired the cavalry to be released for its 
movements against Richmond, if possible. Then in the evening, 
after reaching City Point, the Lieutenant-General telegraphed 
General Meade, who forwarded the despatch to General Hancock. 
This is a copy of the dispatch : 

City Point, 9-10 p.m. 

The position occupied by Hancock would give Sheridan no pro- 
tection in returning by way of Bottom's Bridge. I do not want 
him to go unless the enemy is driven into Chajjin's Bluff, or back 
to the city, otherwise he would be compelled to return north of 
the Chickahominy, and it would be two or three weeks before his 
cavalry would be fit for other service. I do not want Hancock to 
assault intrenched lines, but I do want him to remain another 
day and, if he can, with the assistance of the cavalry, turn the 
enemy's position and drive him away. It looks to me as if the 
cavalry might move well out and get in rear of the enemy. 

(Signed,) U. S. Grant, 

Lieutenant- General. 

But the enemy were now too heavily reenforced to allow Grant's 
hopes to be realized. And they were inclined to assume the offen- 
sive, for on the morning of the 28th Kershaw's division attacked 
Sheridan, and at first drove his cavalry ; but they dismounted, 
advanced, and beat the enemy back, capturing three hundred 
prisoners and two colors. There was considerable fighting all 
through the 28th, and on the 29th Hancock and Sheridan, 
although weakened by the withdrawal of Mott's division, the 
night before, to Bermuda Hundred to enable the Eighteenth 
Corps to move to tiie scene of the expected explosion and assault — 
all through the day, these officers kept up such a series of bold 
demonstrations that Lee felt certain that it was the intention of 
the Union army to force its way to Richmond by way of the north 
side, and kept reenforcing his force there until five-eighths of the 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 229^ 

rebel army, infantry and cavalry, lay before us. When night fell, 
the infantry of the Second Corps took up a line of march for 
Petersburg, the cavalry followed, and when day broke on the 30th 
our brigade was the only force on the north bank confronting 
several divisions of Lee's army. 

While the Second Corps and the cavalry were crossing the 
bridge on the morning of the 27th of July, the Eleventh remained 
near the redan, and it was from here that we watched Miles's 
skirmishers flank the rebel position on the left and capture the 
four 20-pound Parrotts, and saw the spirited attack made on the 
right by another force, which resulted in the withdrawal of the 
enemy from that position. Hancock and Sheridan established 
their headquarters at the redan, and for a time sat on horseback 
among our men watching the progress of the attacking detach- 
ments. Hancock was then a tall, slender officer, with longish light- 
brown hair, mustache, imperial, and chin-whiskers, while Sheri- 
dan was short, rotund, darker, and close cropped. Both sat their 
horses as only perfect horsemen and hard riders can, and both 
pufPed away at their cigars, and both seemed as flattered as 
amused by the admiring glances and the not always low-spoken 
remarks of our men. 

During the forenoon our regiment returned to the bluff, and 
under command of Major Baldwin moved out in front of our works, 
with the other regiments of our brigade, and made the threaten- 
ing demonstration General Foster had promised General Han- 
cock. We did not become seriously engaged, nor was it intended 
that we should, but that we should keep the enemy anxiously 
expecting an assault that would not be delivered. In this way we 
kept a heavy force in our front, so far relieving Hancock's. 

In the evening our brigade retired behind the works, where we 
lay on our arms for the night. In the morning of the 28th our 
brigade moved to its front again, to continue its demonstration. 
In the afternoon the Eleventh was ordered over to Strawberry 
Plains, and was stationed near the redan, to serve as a headquarters 
guard and special reserve. While we were occupying this honor- 
able position. General Grant and his staff crossed the bridge, and 
rode to the front, returning later on, and after making a short 
stay at headquarters recrossed the bridge, and rode away towards 
City Point. 

A large number of rebel prisoners were brought down to head- 



280 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

quarters in the afternoon, where they were halted for a while. 
One of these prisoners told Sergeant-Major Morton that their loss 
on the 26th, while fighting our regiment, was very large, and that 
in one of the sudden and unexpected assaults Colonel Hill led, 
they lost full forty men in ten minutes. He said that their losses 
during the operations of our regiment against them were thought 
to number full 300 in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The troops 
we had confronted were of Kershaw's division of Longstreet's corps, 
then commanded by Anderson, Longstreet not having yet recovered 
from the wound he received in the Wilderness. Kershaw's whole 
division had occupied the works at Deep Bottom for some weeks. 

We remained at headquarters during the night of the 28th, and on 
the morning of the 29th returned to the bluff, remaining in camp 
during the day, although still under arms. About sunset we went 
on fatigue duty, strengthening the works and adding to the slash- 
ing, working all night — a bright moonlight one ; this, as Hancock 
and Sheridan were retiring, and it was expected that daylight 
would be the signal for an onslaught by the heavy rebel force in 
our front. In the early morning of the 30th we returned to our 
works, and, taking position with the regiments of our brigade, 
awaited an attack ; but none coming, we finally went into camji, 
thoroughly tired out with our ten days of continuous service in 
skirmishing, fatigue, and picket duty. 

The casualties of the regiment during these operations on Straw- 
berry Plains were as follows : 

Jtily 21s f. 
Compatiy E. — Wounded, Private Charles H. Bean. 

July %M. 
Company C. — Wounded, Corporal Nelson H. Norris. 
Comimny F. — Wounded, Private Ira D. Toothaker. 
Company I. — Killed, Corporal Charles G. Warren ; Private 
George H. S})iller. Wounded, Private Justus E. Huff. 
Company K. — Wounded, Private Stephen Thurston. 

July 2Gth. 

Company C. — Wounded, Privates James R. Ash, James N. 
Leighton, John H. Parker, George H. Robinson. 

Company E. — Killed, Private Moses M. Burse. Wounded, Cap- 
tain Francis W. Wiswell ; Corporals Kenuey, C. Lowell, Lacassard 



AT DEEP BOTTOM. 231 

Lassell ; Privates Horace H. Burse, Parker W. Leach, George A. 
Beals, Robert H. Nowell. 

Company G. — Wounded, Corporal Horace S. Mills ; Privates 
Charles A. Douglas, Frank Johnson, Samuel B. Norton, Charles 
W. Eoyal, Everett B. Small, Archibald Taggart, Simon Wood. 

Company H. — Wounded, Private Joseph Header. 

Company I. — Wounded, Private Charles H. Corson. 

Killed, 3 ; wounded, 2G— total, 29. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM. 

The Tenth Connecticut Attacked — A Night Attack — Volunteers for the 
Dutch Gap Canal — A Military Execution — Marching Orders — The 
Coming of Hancock — Baldwin Leads the Attack — Hill Assumes 
Command as Baldwin Falls — The General Assault — We Capture the 
Enemy's Outworks — The Second Corps Repulsed — Casualties. 

There was complete quiet in our front during July 30th and 
until in the afternoon of August 1st, when the enemy attacked 
the picket line, held by the Tenth Connecticut. After a severe 
fight, this attack, evidently a reconnoissance in force, was beaten 
off by the Tenth. We manned our works in anticipation of a 
general attack. 

In the early evening of August 3d a hundred men of the 
Eleventh went on board a gunboat to make a night attack on a 
rebel position, but by some mismanagement they were not landed 
in time to make the attempt successful, so returned to camp in 
the morning, leaving one man, George C. Gould, Company K, a 
prisoner in the enemy's hands. 

August 7th, orders came from corps headquarters calling for 
one hundred men to volunteer for fatigue work in the Dutch 
Gap Canal. The men were to have a special payment of eight 
cents an hour and were to work seven and a half hours a day. 
About one hundred men volunteered from our regiment. 

In the afternoon of August 8th a deserter from the Twenty- 
fourth Massachusetts was shot in the presence of the brigade. 
The man had deserted from his regiment while it was stationed 
at Newbern, North Carolina, and took an opportunity to desert 
back into the Union lines, expecting to be received as a rebel 
deserter and sent North in liberty. He came into our lines at the 
Grover House, where, as fate would have it, a detachment of the 
Twenty-fourth was stationed for the day. Even then he might 
have escaped recognition, were it not that a sharp-eyed drummer 
boy of his old company was present. Recognized, he was impris- 
oned, tried, convicted, and sentenced to be shot. 

Major Camp, of the Tenth Connecticut, then its adjutant, 



THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM. 233 

was deeply affected by the sad spectacle of a military execution, 
the first he had witnessed, and at the time wrote a sketch of the 
scene, from which we quote : " At half -past three the regiments 
of the brigade were formed, each upon its own parade ground, 
and then marched to a wide, open plain, bounded on one side by 
a gentle slope. Here they formed on three sides of a hollow 
square, the fourth being the vacant hillside, where was a newly 
dug grave, with fresh earth heaped beside it. The jn'oceedings 
of the court-martial and the order for the execution were now 
read to each regiment by their respective adjutants. Meantime a 
small column was slowly approaching the place. In the center 
was a wagon containing the prisoner, securely fettered. A priest 
rode with him ; a strong guard marched in front and rear. At 
their head a band played plaintive funeral music, swelling 
solemnly above a heavy undertone of muffled drums. In the 
distance they hardly seemed to move, and the sound of the dead 
march came softly to our ears. At length they drew near, ap- 
proaching with slow, measured tread ; the drum-beat a deep, 
subdued roll of thunder, the notes of the wind instruments a 
piercing wail, as they passed before us and halted opposite the 
grave. Then all was silence. Every eye was turned toward one 
spot, every ear attentive. But for the impatient stamping of 
officers' horses and those of tlie cavalry squadron drawn up on 
the hillside, there Avas hardly more sound than if the place was 
the same solitary field it had been before armies encamped and 
marched upon Virginia soil. 

'*' The prisoner left the wagon ; he seemed to step firmly and 
boldly upon the ground, but we were too distant to see the 
expression which his face wore. The priest was by his side. 
They knelt by the grave, and prayer was offered, inaudible to 
any but the condemned. Tlien a platoon of twelve men, led by 
an officer, halted a few paces in front of the spot, and faced 
toward it. The officer advanced, and read to the prisoner the 
proceedings of the court and its sentence — a cruel formality it 
seemed, a needless lengthening of a terrible suspense. Did the 
prisoner wait with nervous impatience, as we did, for the worst to 
come ? or did he wish each sentence was a volume, that he might 
cling a little longer to life ? The reading was finished, a broad 
white bandage was bound about his eyes, and, with arms firmly 
pinioned behind his back, he was made to kneel upon his coffin 



234 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

of unpainted pine, which had been placed before the grave. 
Then for the first time the priest left his side, and all fell back 
who had stood around him. There was a hush, in comparison 
with which the former silence had been tumult. 

'* The officer in command of the firing party waved his sword ; 
each piece was brought to a ready ; again, and they were leveled 
in aim ; the third time, and a quick, sharp volley sounded 
through a cloud of smoke. The blindfolded, pinioned form 
tottered for a moment, then bent forward and pitched heavily to 
the ground. There was a long breath of relief drawn by each 
who looked on — it was over. Was it ? There might be yet a 
doubt. The officers stepped forward with a surgeon to examine 
the body, which lay prone and motionless in its suit of rebel gray. 
The lungs still feebly expanded, and a low moan seemed to issue 
from them. Mere mechanical action, the surgeon thought ; but 
a platoon which had been held in reserve was speedily ordered 
up, a second volley was fired, and life at length was pronounced 
utterly extinct. Then the whole force was wheeled into column 
and marched slowly past the corpse, a gory, ghastly sight, lying 
where it fell, pierced with twenty bullets." 

Many of us had witnessed just such a sad scene before — that of 
the execution of a deserter on the seashore of Morris Island. He 
had been a rebel soldier, it was said; had deserted into the Union 
lines, was released, and finally enlisted in a New Hampshire regi- 
ment, then attempted to desert back into the rebel lines from 
Black Island. He was captured by our pickets while making the 
attempt, was tried, convicted, sentenced, and executed in the 
presence of all the troops on the island. And late in the fall of 
1864 there were many executions of men caught in attempting 
to desert to the enemy, so many as to season the nerves of the 
unwilling witnesses. These deserters were corraled "bounty 
jumpers " mostly, who hoped to get rid of service in any army. 
So many were there of these that shooting gave way to more 
ignominious hanging, and even this soon ceased to affect the 
sensibilities of the men. I recall that it was a rough joke in our 
regiment that the company cooks would hover around a gallows 
tree until its victim was lowered, when they would scramble for 
the sticks it was made of to cut up for their cook-fires. And 
Captain Perkins, then commanding Company D, writes noAv, 
with evident self-gratulation, that the cooks of that redoubtable 



THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM. 235 

company were rarely uusuccessful iu securing the ghouly prizes 
they strove for. 

It is very gratifying to us to remember that no member of our 
regiment was executed. We had deserters, as we know, but none 
tried to reach the enem}- — all, or nearly all, failing to return from 
furloughs, or deserting after the war ended. It was a proud day 
for me when in Boston in December, 1864, to read in a morning 
paper that General Butler had relieved the Eleventh Maine by a 
Special Order from attending military executions, as they, having 
no deserters, needed no warning. 

Perhaps the consideration and the humane treatment dealt out 
by our officers of all ranks to our share of the waifs and strays 
large bounties had tempted from all parts of the world — from all 
parts of Europe and even from Asia — to enlist in our armies at 
this eleventh hour of the war kept our wild men from deserting. 
Our officers and non-commissioned officers were trained to con- 
sider themselves as "officers and gentlemen,^' as the Articles of 
War phrase it, the former wearing the straps that the latter were 
striving to deserve. And all our officers and commanders were 
taught to control with a firm hand, without the aid of the brutal 
punishments in vogue in many regiments. 

As a whole, regiments take their tone from their commanding 
officers ; and those of the Eleventh — Caldwell, Plaisted, Hill — were 
kindly commanders, always appealing to the best there was in 
their men, whether in camp or field, and their example and moni- 
tions were copied by all their officers, from captains to corporals. 

But we did punish sometimes, and when we did, it was up to 
the full measure of the misdemeanor — but always without malice, 
Never in our regiment was seen the sight some of us saw at Carver 
Barracks, when an artillery officer had a drunken artilleryman 
strapped to a spare wheel, strapped and gagged ; and while the 
wretch struggled and groaned in his distress — for to be strapped 
to a wheel, with back bent over the hub and the weight half- 
hanging on stretched out legs and arms, cannot be a comfortable 
position — while the wretch struggled, groaned, and cursed as best 
he could, the officer stood over him and raved and cursed in 
shocking rivalry, with the men of the battery standing with 
scowling faces, only kept from wreaking vengeance for their com- 
rade by the knowledge that it would be mutiny, and that the pun- 
ishment for mutiny was death. 



236 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

We aimed to shame our culprits rather than to martyrize 
them. Standing on the head of a barrel was apt to make a man 
look and feel ridiculous. And when sent to the guard-house, the 
necessity of doing the foulest camp-cleaning while a prisoner 
rather took away from the pleasure of idleness ; and when tied up 
by the thumbs, the knowledge that he need only keep his painful 
tiptoe position until he would beg pardon and promise better 
fashions soon brought him to his senses. 

Some one of our shrewd Yankee officers invented a cure for 
cowardice, too — one that worked like a charm. When two men 
retreated in an action long before the word to fall back was given, 
they found that the necessity of standing in an elevated position 
on a roadside with a placard with the word ''Coward" on each 
one^s breast, and at a time when the division was passing along 
the road, with every passing soldier throwing a more or less witty 
verbal brickbat, was dreadfully mortifying ; and their experience 
not only stiffened the knees of these particular recreants when 
they were next in action, but undoubtedly the memory of it 
helped many another chap to stay in line, who in his heart 
believed that there was wisdom and truth in the old ditty which 
tells us that — 

" He who fights and runs away, 
May live to fight another day." 

During the forenoon of the 13th of August the regiments of 
our brigade received orders to be ready to march with three days' 
rations. There was much speculation as to our destination, but 
the majority favored the idea that we were going to the Shenan- 
doah Valley, where the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps, and other 
forces under Sheridan, were now operating against Early. And 
the majority rather hoped that we were, for Sheridan was a dash- 
ing leader, and " the Valley " was a wide field, not like Deep 
Bottom, where we could not stretch our legs without butting 
against rebel abatis, batteries, parapets, and rifle pits, all in the 
sturdy charge of men of " Longstreet's corps." 

On the evening of the 13th our regiment went on picket, with 
Major Baldwin in command. We picketed the woods from 
Bailey's Creek towards the left. Our picket line, with its reserves, 
was really a heavy skirmish line, as at Bermuda Hundred, and 
quite prepared to attack an intrenched picket line or to resist any 



THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM, 237 

attacking force short of a line of battle. And when need were, 
we could stand up against a line of battle even, given the cover of 
a stout wood growth, where a tree could be gained by each man 
of us, and the enemy's line must stand ''shoulder to shoulder" 
— not an unequal match either, while we could keep them at rifle- 
shot length. 

In the night, a sultry one, with little air stirring anywhere, 
none at all in the woods, so that we of the picket line were all 
restless and wakeful from the heat, we could hear the rumble of 
artillery wagons crossing the bridges from- the south shore, and 
the trampling of a host of cavalry horses as they took the same 
road. We could not tell by which bridge they were crossing. 
The sound was evidently deadened by hay that had been strewed 
over the bridges, but still the dull roar of artillery wheels and the 
clattering of iron-shod hoofs came clearly to our ears, and then 
after a time there was a continual screeching of boat whistles, 
indicating that a large number of steamers were gathering along 
our river front. What it meant we did not really know, but it 
seemed to many of us as if our dream of a stirring campaign in 
the Shenandoah Valley was to remain a dream. Still, some 
sturdily contended for a time that what we were hearing was but 
the arrival of a relieving force. But as the artillery rolled, and 
the horses tramped, and the whistles blew, it became plain to 
these even that the crossing force was much too large for a mere 
relieving one. There could be but one other meaning — for we 
knew the signs of the times — and we went to sleep, those that 
did sleep, with the firm conviction that when we woke it would 
be to fall into line to learn what sort of soldiers occupied the 
rebeldom in our immediate front. The knowledge would cost, 
that we well knew; but what has a soldier to do with cost ? and few 
if any of our sleepers let the prospect of a fight in the morning 
disturb their rest. And judging by reason, and our experience 
the next morning, it is more than probable that the pickets of the 
enemy were equally well informed of the prospect for the morning, 
for what we could hear so plainly could hardly escape their watch- 
ful attention. They not only heard and judged rightly, but 
passed the word back to their line of battle. 

What it all meant, was that General Grant had received infor- 
mation that General Lee was strongly reenforcing Early, and 
believed the reenforcements were so largely taken from the troops 



238 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

on the north side of the James as to give a chance for a more suc- 
cessful operation on that side of the river than the late one had 
been. The troo^js to be engaged in this second attempt were 
largely those engaged in the first — the Second Corps, part of the 
Tenth, and a cavalry force under General Gregg — all to be under 
Hancock's command. But instead of marching directly across 
the river as before, Hancock's corps was to embark on transports 
at City Point and move down the river in the afternoon, to give 
the Confederate spies the idea that it was going to the Valley, but 
under the cover of the night the transports were to run back to 
Deep Bottom, the troops were to disembark at Strawberry Plains, 
move rapidly in the morning, turn the enemy's line on Bailey's 
Creek, and push for Eichmond. The part of the Tenth Corps 
men in the programme was that we were to assault in our front 
at daybreak, carry the works, and move up the Kingsland, Varina, 
and Mill River roads, all near the river bank. 

The night wore away, and daylight came. Just as the rays of the 
rising sun were flooding wood and field and meadow with golden 
light — a typical summer Sunday morning — there came a sudden 
riding of mounted ofiicers, sharp, quick commands, a rapid falling 
into line of the reserves to deploy instantly as skirmishers. Then 
came the command, "Forward," and the line rushed forward, 
swallowing pickets and vedettes in its course, and within the time 
of the telling of it, almost, was met full in the face by the deadly 
fire of a strong and watchful enemy. 

Major Baldwin reports, of this morning's attack : 
''About three o'clock in the morning an aid from General 
Foster rode up and handed me an order. It read, ' You will charge 
the enemy's line at daybreak.' There was no time for delay. I 
directed Captain Sabine to attend to the formation of the right 
wing of the regiment, while I did the same on the left. The dis- 
position had hardly been made when the Tenth Connecticut 
moved up on the left, and in a minute the whole division appeared 
marching up in our rear. The order was given to charge, and 
the men threw their rifles over their shoulders and rushed forward 
without attempting to fire a shot. Colonel Plaisted and Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Hill had now arrived upon the ground and assumed 
their positions. The Eleventh outstripped the flanking regiments 
in the race, so that suddenly our left flank was exposed, and, as 
we were nearing the further edge of the woods, it was enfiladed by 



THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM. 239 

a murderous fire from a body of rebels concealed among fallen 
trees. I ordered a charge on this force, and drove the rebels from 
their position. I then ordered the left to advance again. The 
men sprang to their feet and rushed forward, but the satisfaction 
of going with them was denied me, for I was now wounded, 
slightly in the left knee and severely through the right thigh, 
and at the same instant that Captain Sabine was mortally 
wounded in the head.'' 

As Major Baldwin fell, Lieutenant-Colonel Hill sprang to the 
front and urged the men forward. Swiftly advancing his line, he 
placed it close to that of the enemy, and for an hour a deadly duel 
raged between the two lines. Did a man show himself on either 
side, a score of bullets sped for him, and as the officers of the two 
lines ran backwards and forwards to keep their men to their work 
and to see that their wounded were taken away, bullets whistled 
around their ears in hail-showers. Our loss was heavy. So thin 
did our line become that the men were a little nervous and 
wavered as a fierce rebel yell told that they were charging ; but 
instantly, Plaisted, Ilill — every officer, commissioned and non- 
commissioned — was rushing forward as if to meet the assailants, 
alone if need be, and the men rallied and drove the enemy 
back. 

Then came a lull in the fighting, during which the Twenty- 
fourth Massachusetts came marching up in double column, and, 
reaching the skirmish line, took up the double quick, sprang past 
us, and, setting up a tremendous cheer, rushed on the enemy's 
intrenchments. But not alone ; to the right and the left, from 
the Tenth Connecticut and the Eleventh Maine, sounded the 
charging cry, and the three regiments rushed on the enemy's line 
with such vigor as to break it instantly ; and the rebels, surprised 
by the unexpected assault, fled to their main works, leaving some 
prisoners in our hands. 

We found stacked guns and the remains of a half-eaten break- 
fast behind the captured works, showing that the rebels had taken 
advantage of the lull in the fighting to break their fast, and that 
many of them were so 2)anic-stricken as to leave everything behind 
them. Our men, breakfastless, snatched at the rebel rations of 
freshly cooked bread, cooked in the peculiar Southern style (in 
Dutch ovens covered with coals), and at the strips of fat bacon, 
and while waiting for the arrival of their own cooks with baked 



240 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

beans and coffee satisfied the sharp monitions of their healthy 
Yankee appetites with the captured food. 

Orders now came to General Birney to halt his advance, as the 
Second Corps had not been able to land and attack at daybreak, as 
the plan of attack called on them to do, their orders directing that 
they should attack with us, and General Walker says that firing 
began on our front at five o'clock. The same officer says that, as 
the night was dark, the movements of the steamers were slow, and 
that constant showing of lights and blowing of whistles had to be 
resorted to in order to prevent collisions in the narrow stream, 
that it was 2.30 a.m. before the disembarkation began, and that, 
as there were but three wharves along the Strawberry Plains shore, 
steamers had to wait for others to unload, the largest steamer, one 
carrying a whole brigade, grounding in the stream to remain 
there several hours. 

Mott's division had not disembarked until forty minutes past 
seven, four hours after it should have been on shore to effect the 
contemplated surj)rise. At the same hour Barlow's command had 
landed, except the brigade on the grounded steamer. This delay 
accounts somewhat for the failure of the expedition, which was 
based on an attempt to surprise the enemy, and break through 
their lines before reenforcements could reach them. But it is 
about impossible to move an expedition on any large scale without 
the enemy gaining an idea of the possible destination, whatever 
the ostensible one may be. And this one was no exception to the 
rule, so that General Lee was well prepared to meet it. The fact 
is, the expedition across the James had been undertaken upon 
erroneous information. General Grant believed that three divi- 
sions had been sent to reenforce Early. Only one, however (Ker- 
shaw's), had actually gone. Field's division, of Longstreet's 
corps, had remained in the Deep Bottom and Bailey's Creek in- 
trenchments ; Wilcox's division, of Hill's corps, was at Chapin's 
Bluff, ready to move down and reenforce Field ; while Mahone's 
divisien, also of Hill's corps, with Hampton's and W. H. F. Lee's 
cavalry divisions, were, on the first intimation of Hancock's move- 
ment, sent across the James to meet the impending attack. 

General Hancock intended that General Barlow should move out 
rapidly and assault near Fussell's Mill with the greater part of two 
divisions (he commanded his own, and had supervision of Gen- 
eral Gibbon's while that officer was absent on a short leave), when 



THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM. 241 

by mere weight of numbers he would have broken through the 
enemy's line, which at that point was thinly held. But it was 
four o'clock in the afternoon before Barlow assaulted, and 
then with only one brigade of Gibbon's division, and unsuccess- 
fully. Barlow's example of bravery and daring was admirable, 
but his troops would not respond to the commands to assault, two 
brigades, and these the two most famous in the Army of the Poto- 
mac, flatly refusing to assault the enemy's intrench men ts. 

It was a terribly hot day in open ground. General Walker says 
that " the columns moving out from the landing passed between 
men lying on both sides of the road, literally struck dead by the 
heat, and that before noon General Mott reported to him that in two 
small regiments of his division 105 men had been prostrated by 
the heat." This terrible exposure accounts for the dislike of the 
men to attack intrenched lines since their experiences in May and 
June, during which months the best and bravest of the old Second 
Corps had fallen in the Wilderness, and along the line of battles 
that had brought Grant to the James. Still, those left were brave 
men, and in subsequent engagements showed the gallantry that has 
made the clover-leaf badge famous in history ; but they wanted 
something like even terms, and could not be induced to believe 
that it was possible to charge across open fields on intrenched bat- 
teries, with the galling fire of the well-protected veterans of the 
Army of Northern Virginia sweeping through their ranks. 

" Follow me, men, follow me," shouted a general officer riding 
rapidly to the head of their recoiling column, as if determined to 
charge the enemy's works, if he must do so, alone. For a moment 
there was a hush, as the men swayed back and forth in the edge 
of the sheltering woods, but not forward into the storm of lead 
sweeping the field. Then an Irish voice rang out fiercely, " We'll 
folly ye to Hell " ; then, dropping to a wheedling tone, continued, 
'' But don't ye think 'twud be wiser to go by a longer road. Gen- 
eral ?" A roar of laughter greeted this Hibernian hit, and half- 
laughing, half-angry, the discomfited general^ave the word to fall 
backo 

While the Second Corps was making its slow progress into 
action, the enemy in our front had retreated to their main line, 
from which they opened a sharp artillery fire. This line was across 
a wide field, and so formidable in appearance that an assault was 
not ordered. It was part of the one described by General Morgan 
16 



242 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

in the July movement of the Second Corps as too strong to be 
attempted with much chance of success, and it was now even more 
formidable than then, the enemy having added largely to its mili- 
tary attractions in the meantime. 

We spent the day in holding the ground we had taken, the only 
advance taking place in the afternoon, when a forward movement 
of our brigade against an as yet unabandoned outlying position of 
the enemy resulted in the capture of four ten-inch mortars from 
the rebels. At night we fell in, and, crossing the rebel front, 
reached the Newmarket road, where we took position, lying on 
our arms for tlie night. 

Our losses for August 14th at Deep Bottom were as follows : 

Field. — Wounded, Major Charles P. Baldwin. 

Company A. — Killed, Private Moses Grass. Wounded, Private 
Aaron Gomery. 

Company B. — Wounded, Sergeant Philip H. Andrews; Corporal 
William Rushton ; Privates Charles M. Prebble, Ezekiel Scott. 

Company C. — Killed, Corporal James E. McGinness ; Privates 
Solon S. Beadle, Charles E. Urann. Wounded, First Sergeant 
Charles W. Bridgham ; Sergeant Allen M. Cole ; Corporal John A. 
Hammond ; Privates Elijah S. Kelley, William H. Newcomb, 
Wilder Pratt, Ezra Smith, Benjamin D. Willey, David H. Young. 

Company D. — Killed, Privates John Hall, Harvey C. Shep- 
ard, John N. Stanley. Wounded, Corporals Josiah F. Keene, 
William P. Weymouth; Privates Samuel A. Bragdon, Alfred C. 
Butler, Francis Collins, William Sherman, Charles D. Starbird, 
Adelbert Stratton. 

Company E. — Wounded, Privates William E. Downs, William 
H. Kincaid, Tuttle D. Leathers. 

Company F. — Killed, Private Andrew McCleve. Wounded, 
Private Samuel H. Stacy. 

Company G. — Killed, Corporal Amos W. Briggs. Wounded, 
Captain Francis W. Sabine ; Sergeant George Payne ; Privates 
Leonard F. Blackw%ll, Charles F. Campbell, William H. Peva, 
Wilbert C. White. 

Company I. — Wounded, Corporal Albion W. Pendexter; Pri- 
vates Cliarles H. Corson, Orrin B. Hibbard. 

Company K. — Killed, Private David Peabody. Wounded, Cor- 
poral John B. Alden ; Private Eoger A. Erskine. 

Killed, 10 ; wounded, 38— total, 48. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL's MILL. 

On Reserve — Form for Assault — Carry tlie Enemy's First Line — A Terri- 
ble Rifle Fire — A Momentary Check — A Desperate Assault — Our Left 
Enfiladed — A Graphic Pen Picture by Sergeant Miller — Our Loss in 
Officers — Captain Merrill in Command — Regiments on our Right Fall 
Back— The Fight for Our Flag— The Final Assault— Our Rapid Re- 
treat — Reform Quickly and Check Pursuit — Casualties — The Dash of 
Gregg and Miles — Throwing up Intrenchmeuts — Skylarking — The 
Assault at Fussell's Mill — ^Nearly a Panic — Fall Back to the Right — 
Retreat to the James — At Deep Bottom again. 

With the morning of the loth of August came a drizzling rain. 
There was skirmishing along the front, but we lay on reserve for 
the day, so were not engaged. Only one of our men was wounded, 
Private Benjamin F. Griffin, of Company F, by shrapnel. In- 
deed, there was no heavy attack during the day, it passing with 
General Birney searching, with Tenth Corps brigades not engaged 
the day before, for the enemy's left, when he was to assault with 
the whole of his corps, while General Gregg covered its flank with 
his cavalry. The Second Corps held the line to the river, massed 
in readiness to take advantage of any break in the enemy's line. 
But Birney took so wide a circuit that it was night before he got 
into position. At night we went into bivouac, still on reserve, in 
a grove of beautiful trees, through which ran a brook of fine 
water. The commissary teams came up, rations were served out, 
camp fires lighted, and the cooks prepared supper. Then we Jay 
around the company fires behind our stacked guns, and slept the 
night away. At daybreak we were aroused, and coffee, already 
prepared, was served out. Then we fell in and marched to the 
front, threw out skirmishers, and quickly found ourselves under 
fire. 

"On resarve," said an Irishman of the Second Corps, "yis,. 
resarved for the heavy foighting," and his sally became a corps 
joke ; and Foster's brigade found that the " heavy foighting " was 
just what it had been reserved for on the 15th. 

Our assaulting column consisted of Terry's division (in which 



244 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

was our brigade) and Craig's brigade of the Second Corps. The 
enemy^s works were held by Wilcox's and Mahone's divisions. 
We moved backwards and forwards, to the right and left, for 
some hours in getting into position ; now crossing an open field, 
when we were raked by the enemy's artillery, and then moving 
through woods where were the enemy^s skirmishers, when they 
would open a furious musketry fire upon us. At last we took 
position in a thick woods, and lay down in line of battle. We 
were so close to the enemy's outer line that the bullets of the 
volleys they swept the woods with flew over and among us, and 
men were killed and wounded while the line was nervously await- 
ing the order to charge. During this time Colonel Plaisted sat 
on the ground, surrounded by his officers, explaining to them the 
plan of attack and the nature of the ground we must charge over 
from a rough chart that he held in his hand. 

It was nearly ten o'clock before an aid came hurrying down 
with the order to advance. Then our line arose and sprang for- 
ward, with a wild hurrah that sounded far to the right of us and 
somewhat to the left. Almost immediately we were subjected to 
tlie most severe fire we were ever under. No mere skirmish line 
this, but an outlying line of battle. The woods fairly rang with 
the screeching of the bullets ; still we pushed on, when suddenly 
the First Maryland, on our right, fell back ; not directly back, but 
obliquing into our own now swaying line, and in another second, 
in spite of the shouts of their maddened officers, the men of the 
two regiments were falling back in confused mass. But it was 
not only our regiments that the terrible fire threw into confusion ; 
the whole line of assault was staggered and lialted by it. For 
myself, I sprang to a tree and clung to it. A burly sergeant of the 
First Maryland sought its shelter too, and we hugged it in 
company, pressing closely to each other as we heard bullets strik- 
ing the farther side of the tree, both half-ashamed of our position, 
both half-amused, and both fully determined to keep our shelter 
until the storm was over. As a glimpse of a dream, I remember 
that almost at our feet a soldier lay dying from a wound in the 
throat, the blood flowing in spouting jets as he gasped in his last 
agonies. 

As soon as the terrible fire slackened, the men of our regiment 
shook themselves clear of the dismounted cavalry, closed up their 
shattered line, and formed with the flanking regiments that were 



THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL'S MILL. 245 

getting their own staggered columns into formation. A minute, 
and all were ready to go in again, and as General Foster rode on 
the scene, galloping along the line of his brigade to make sure 
that his regiments were making ready for another rush, and rode 
up to the Eleventh, calling out, ''Forward, boys!" we rushed 
ahead, and before the enemy could repeat the withering tactics of 
a few minutes before, had driven them headlong from their rifle 
pits and were pursuing them to their main iutrenchments under 
a heavy fire poured on us from their main line, which ran tilong 
a ridge of ground covered by a wide slashing of heavy-bodied trees, 
felled in all directions. In charging through it the men were 
somewhat protected by the heavy logs, and fortunately, too, the 
enemy must fire down hill, giving a tendency to overshooting, 
else not so many of us as did would have reached the crest of the 
hill. Before we did, many had tumbled headlong among the 
fallen logs, and how any of us reached it, few can tell, but many 
of us did, the rebels retiring with more rapidity than grace as we 
poured into their works. 

Beyond the captured line we saw a smooth field of perhaps a 
hundred and fifty yards in width, dipping into a wood-bordered 
run. It was to this run that the enemy had withdrawn, and from 
it they kept up a rapid fire on us, our men -returning it with the 
more spirit that we had found, besides many dead and wounded 
rebels, boxes of cartridges strewed along the enemy's side of the 
works, cartridges that fitted our guns perfectly, so furnishing us 
with a much-needed supply of ammunition. 

But the fire that annoyed us most was an enfilading one from 
across a run beyond the left flank of our regiment. Beyond this 
run, on higher ground than we occupied, the enemy had built 
works to sweep the front of the works we had just taken. From 
here, snugly ensconced behind a difficult run, and hidden from 
us by a stout growth of trees, left standing to mark their position, 
they swept our flank with a terrible fire. Efforts were made to dis- 
lodge them by sending brigades down our front to charge the run, 
but the cross-fire the charging brigades were subjected to forced 
them to retreat to cover. 

The rebels now advanced from this run, and drove the brigade 
on our left across the run we had charged through. This brigade 
had failed to carry the enfilading work that it found in its front, 
and had taken shelter among the trees in the slashing before it. 



246 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

•Having driven tliem back into the edge of the woods, tlie rebels 
pressed so closely on the flank of our brigade that the left regi- 
ment was forced to change front to cover this flank, now swept by 
a terrible artillery and musketry fire. Sergeant Edwin J. Miller, 
of Company C, wrote a graphic account of this battle, in which is 
the following concerning this movement : 

"Batteries which were stationed beyond the range of our 
muskets, in front and flank, redoubled their efforts against us ; 
shells screeched, sputtered, and crashed through the trees, and 
bounded along the earth ; bullets sang and whistled about us, and 
gave a peculiar thud as they severed human bones and laid low 
good and brave men. Hard-pine trees, seventy and eighty feet 
high, which stood around the works, were stripped of bark and 
limbs the entire length, and as completely as could have been 
done by machinery. Men were constantly falling. We were 
ordered to shield ourselves as best we could. Sergeant George A. 
Bakeman, of Company A, who had taken position as lookout to 
watch the movement of a large force assembling at the edge of 
some woods just beyond a cornfield, took position against a large 
tree. Captain Folsom, deeming the place unsafe, told him to keep 
covered. He replied that he could not cover from all sides with 
one tree. An instant later a bullet struck him in the head, kill- 
ing him instantly. 

"Being somewhat exhausted from the heat, I sat down upon 
the root of a large stump, from which the earth had been removed 
to build the pit. I liad been thus seated only a moment, when a 
soldier crowded in between myself and the stump. I moved my 
bigness toward the end which overhung the pit to accommodate 
him with a seat, which he barely had time to fill before zip came 
a bullet from the direction of the cross-fire, which went just deep 
enough to furrow his face and carry away both eyes. A bounding 
shot from a battery struck the top of the pit, scattering the earth 
in a shower, smashing the head of a soldier who was peering over, 
and nearly tearing to pieces another who stood on the high ground 
to the rear. The next moment an unexploded shell severed a 
large limb from a pine tree overhead which leveled three men in 
its fall.^' 

For some time there had been frequent cheering along the rebel 
line, indicating the arrival of reenforcements. Then through the 
openings in the woods across the field could be seen the marching 



THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL's MILL, 247 

and countermarching of bodies of men evidently getting into 
position for assault. They soon assaulted our front twice in quick 
succession. Sergeant Miller tells the story of these assaults in a 
way that cannot be bettered, 

" * There they come ! There they come ! ' was the excited cry, 
and a long line in gray, witli bayonets glistening and flags flying, 
was seen just clearing tlic woods on an elevated jiiece of ground 
across the field. There was nothing intervening to hide so much as 
a button, save a few straggling corn-stalks on their left. ' Boys, 
now's our time,' said big Sergeant Fislier, of Company E. The 
commander gave the order to fire, which was several times repeated 
by the subordinate officers. ' Fire low ! Fire low !' Our blood 
was up, and the command, ' Cease firing,' was not fully heeded 
until some time after the last standing rebel had disappeared 
on the run into the forest again. Brave soldiers are made 
by giving them plenty to do ; and jokes were freely cracked 
during the few moments which intervened before the next 
charge. 

" The top of a flag was now observed in a deep ravine which ran 
across the field in our front, not more than fifty yards away. 
Word ran along the line to be in readiness. In a few moments the 
flas be^an to move, and with it the whole rebel line came in view. 
The sight caused the greatest excitement. The officers tried in 
vain to make the men reserve their fire until the enemy's lines 
should clear the ravine far enough to insure its destruction. Our 
men began firing almost at once. The rebel color-bearer was shot 
dead on the brow of the hill, falling forward upon his staff, and 
the line was driven back in less time than it would take to count 
twenty." 

Wounded men were sent to the rear as fast as they were struck. 
The dead rested where they fell. All of the wounded that possibly 
could, and some that were very seriously so, too, made their own 
way to the rear rather than weaken the line by taking assist- 
ance. Those entirely unable to go alone were helped from the 
field by comrades who accompanied them only until they could 
place their charges in the hands of the hospital attendants, when 
they made their way to the colors again, some to be themselves 
killed, or to leave or be carried from the field wounded. There 
was neither shirking nor flunking that day ; not in the Eleventh, 
anyway, and although one-half the regiment available for duty 



248 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

had fallen within sixty hours, those that remained stood to 
their work as manfully as if the regiment was a thousand 
strong. 

We were short of officers, our remaining line officers barely suf- 
ficing to furnish each company with a commander, some lieuten- 
ants commanding by detail other companies than their own ; and 
now Captain Lawrence, of H, was mortally wounded. His fierce 
bound into the air, as the bullet struck his muscular body, will 
never be forgotten by those who saw it. Many of us loved this 
gallant officer for his personal qualities. The bullet that removed 
him from the world took from it a frank, brave, and noble-minded 
gentleman. 

Colonel Plaisted was overcome by the intense heat before our 
successful assault, and had been taken from the field, leaving 
Lieutenant-Colonel Hill in command. Colonel HilFs right arm 
was shattered by a bullet, while he was watching the enemy's 
movements. Groaning quite as much at the necessity of leaving 
the field as at the pain of his wound, our gallant leader for the 
first time turned his back on the enemy. But not until he had 
called upon Captain Merrill to assume command of the regiment. 
Fortunately, Captain Merrill was known to the regiment as an 
officer of tried mettle, with a fighting experience dating from the 
Battle of Fair Oaks, where he had commanded most of the companies 
on the skirmish line, and had earned high commendation for the 
skill and courage he had shown. Knowing liim as they did, the 
men of the regiment now looked to him with confidence, and 
obeyed his clear-voiced orders without question during the ex- 
citing events that followed swiftly upon his assumption of 
command. 

For now fierce rebel yells on our right told us they were ad- 
vancing there, having abandoned their attempt to break through 
at the position we held. The yelling quickly fell toward our rear, 
and showed that our line was falling back. Nearer and nearer 
came the uproar, as regiment after regiment fell to the rear, until 
only our brigade was facing the enemy. On our left the enemy 
was creeping through the felled timber; on our front there were 
movements indicating an impending attack ; on our right the fir- 
ing opened heavily, telling us that they were flanking the position 
,of our brigade. Sergeant Miller says : '^ It now became evident 
to Sergeant Gross, the color-bearer, that he must retreat with the 



THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN" AND FUSSELL'S MILL. 249 

flag, or the banner would soon occupy a position in the rebel capi- 
tol at Richmond. The rebels were closing down, and were not 
more than thirty yards distant. Sergeant Gross tore the flag from 
the pit and started for the rear. Remembering, however, that no 
order had been given to retreat, he turned back, planted the staff 
on the work, and aided the guard in its defense by firing several 
shots from his revolver in the very faces of the enemy, who were 
bent on its capture." 

At last the order came to be ready to fall back. The colors 
were sent to the rear, with instructions to plant them with the 
colors of the other regiments on the line of works captured in the 
morning, to serve as a rallying point for the regiment. Sergeant 
Miller says : " Sergeant Gross carried the colors in his arms, and 
was followed by the guard, one of whom fell dead as they left the 
works. The flagstaff, one and a half inches in diameter, had 
been shot off in three places, and the flag had been pierced by 
sixteen bullets." 

A simultaneous yell on front, and right and left, told us that 
the assault was coming. The order ran down the line to fall 
back, after pouring a last volley into the enemy. So, facing the 
swiftly advancing masses of the foe as we best could, we poured 
one volley almost into their faces, then turned and, with a storm 
of bullets whistling after us, ran down the hill across the ravine 
and into the shelter of the forest. 

For myself, I ran swiftly through the slashing. As I reached 
the valley my eye was caught by a running brook. I was very 
thirsty. My tongue clung to the roof of my mouth, my canteen 
was empty, and the glimmering water was alluring in its cool 
suggestions. I hastily snatched my tin cup out of my haversack, 
and, scooping it full from the brook, drank with a sense of relief 
that made me momentarily oblivious of flying bullets. Glancing 
backward, I saw the rebel skirmish line moving down the hill. I 
thought it time for me to go, and started ; but just then a Union 
officer, with a half-dozen men, came running from the right, 
and, seeing me taking the cup from my lips, said, " Lend me your 
cup." I handed it to him, and he stooped toward the brook. 
There was a dull thud, and he fell headlong into the water, shot 
through the body. In a second his men had seized him, and 
were running into the woods with him, and I, stopping just long 
enough to secure my precious cup from where it had fallen, ran 



250 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

into the woods, bounded up the hill, and found myself with our 
reforming columns. 

We took our position in line at the captured rifle pits. A 
strong skirmish line was thrown out, which soon met that of the 
advancing enemy, when sharp fighting began, and lasted far into 
the night. 

During the operations of the 16th, Gregg's cavalry, supported 
by General Miles with a brigade from the Second Corps, had 
moved up the Charles City road, driving the enemy's cavalry 
before them, until White Tavern, only seven miles from Rich- 
mond, had been reached. The Confederate cavalry receiving a 
reenforcement, Gregg was in turn forced back upon Miles, both 
finally falling back to Deep Creek, a tributary of Deep Run, 
fighting as they retreated, holding one position until a portion of 
their men had taken a second one a half-mile or so back of their 
advance one ; then the advance line would fall back behind the 
new line and take up a position about half a mile or so farther in 
the rear in their turn. Desperate as was their situation, they did 
not abandon either their dead or wounded, carrying both from 
the field strapped across the led cavalry horses or in front of the 
troopers. Finally the hard-pressed men reached Deep Creek, 
behind which Gregg reestablished his line, Miles returning to 
Fussell's Mill to take position on the right flank of our corps. 
All day Mott had been threatening the enemy along Bailey's 
Creek with a strong skirmish line to learn their force, finding 
their works strongly held everywhere. 

General Birney proposed that we assault at five o'clock that 
afternoon, but the force the advance of his skirmish line de- 
veloped made him abandon this idea. Besides, about then 
Gregg's line before Deep Creek was so strongly attacked as to 
compel him to cross all his force to the bank nearest us to sustain 
himself. On receiving these reports, General Grant gave up 
the idea of pressing the movement further, determining, as in 
July, that we must hold a threatening position for a few days 
longer to keep the heavy force of the enemy in our front while he 
launched a force from the other flank at the Weldon road. 

The losses of our regiment, the 16th of August, were as follows : 

Field. — Wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Jonathan A. Hill. 
. Company A. — Killed, Sergeant George A. Bakeman ; Corpo- 
rals Charles L. Jordan, Joseph L. Mitchell ; Private Thomas 



THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL's MILL. 251 

McFarland. Wounded, Lieutenant Lewis H. Holt ; First Ser- 
geant William H. H. Frye ; Sergeant Charles L Wood ; Corporal 
Joseph H. Johnson ; Privates Benjamin P. Bibber, Francis M. 
Barton, Nelson C. Crocker, Michael Doyle, Charles S. B. Hodg- 
don, Ruben H. Small, Eben E. Smith. Prisoner, Francis M. 
Burton. 

Company B. — Killed, Corporal James L. Potter ; Private James 
T. French. Wounded^ First Sergeant Lewis W. Campbell ; Cor- 
jDorals Jerome B. Ireland, Joseph F. Barney, Henry L. Blake ; 
Privates Henry C. Ames, Albion A. Bangs, William Davis, Josiah 
H. Grordon, Frank L. Kenney, George H, Miller, Alfred Smith. 
Prisoners, Privates Albion A. Bangs, Hanford Crocker. 

Company C. — Wounded, Cor{)oral Edward Noyes ; Privates 
John W. Elliott, Hiram B. Nichols, Dwight C. Rose. 

Company D. — Killed, Private Elbridge E. Hanscom. Wounded, 
Privates Frank Bubier, John W. Day, Augustus N. Googiug, 
Leonard S. Leighton, Timothy McGraw, Ceorge 0. White. 

Companij E. — Killed, Private William A Quimby. Wounded, 
Privates Samuel Babb, Eugene Bragdon, Frank H. Brown, Josiah 
Felker, Charles H. Ham, John C. Reed, Henry Smith, Samuel 
N. York. Prisoners, Privates Stephen W. Brown, Samuel N. 
York. 

Company F. — Killed, Privates Augustine E. Hall, Enoch E. 
Hinckley. Wounded, Corporal Ambrose F, Walsh ; Privates 
Ebenezer Brookings, Andrew J. Burgess, Horace E. Choate, 
James B. Crosby, Nathan P. Downing, George W. Eastman, 
Rodney C. Harriman, Henry S. Kimball, Warren H. Moores, 
Samuel G. Richardson, Osgood J. Yates. 

Company G. — Wounded, Sergeant Henry B. Rogers ; Corpo- 
rals Lewis L. Day, Josiah L. Bennett, William Shed ; Privates 
Augustus H. Danico, Charles E. Fish, Frederick A. Frazier, 
Frank Johnson, Samuel R. Norton. 

Company H. — Killed, Corporal George E. Morrill ; Private 
Luman R. Smith. Wounded, Captain Luther Lawrence ; Pri- 
vates James Lawrence, Charles E. Marshall, George P. Moody, 
Joseph F. Stevens, Elbridge P. Ward well, Isaac W. Wardwell, 
George H. Whitney. Prisoner, Private Ellis A. Briggs. 

Company I. — Killed, Private Randolph A. Shorey. Wounded, 
Sergeant David B. Snow ; Corporal James W. Moody ; Privates 
Patrick H. Canning, Samuel B. Haskell, Rufus K. Shorey. 



252 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Company K. — Wounded, Sergeant Andrew B. Erskine ; Pri- 
vates Charles F. Bickford, John F. Buzzell, Lewis C. Gray, 
Irwin L. Prentiss, Warren L. Whittier. 

Killed, 13 ; wounded, 81 ; prisoners, 6 — total, 100. 

In the night of the 16th we took position close to the enemy's 
works and began to throw up intrenchments. By morning, work- 
ing in relays, we had built a strong line of works. Our position, 
that of the Eleventh, lay along the side of a steep hill, so that 
the battery crowning it could fire directly over our heads. Here 
we lay on the 17th, so near the enemy that we could see into his 
works from the crest of the hill. The picket lines, really heavy 
skirmish ones, kept up a steady fire all along the line until in the 
afternoon of the 17th, when a flag of truce was sent out and a 
truce arranged to continue from four to six o'clock. And when 
the truce expired firing was not begun by the opposing lines, 
neither side caring to begin the firing, so that we passed a quiet 
night sleeping in the intrenchments, all lying on our arms. 

The 18th passed quietly on our front until along in the after- 
noon. Until quite late in the day there was an almost complete 
cessation of firing, and the men of the opposing lines lounged 
around freely, sometimes within sight of each other. I remember 
that a few apple-trees stood in a very exposed position on our right, 
a position directly under the range of a rebel battery, and within 
a few rods of it. One bold Yankee, after looking longingly at 
the green spheres on the tree branches, ventured to throw a stone 
into the branches to rattle a few apples down. The apples were 
hard, green ones, regular ''cholera pippins," but they were apples, 
and there was a scramble for them. The " Johnnies " watched 
our men's antics with merriment, perhaps with an intimate 
knowledge, some of them, of the sort of fruit the trees bore ; 
maybe feeling a fiendish delight in thinking their foes in eating 
it were running a greater risk than in gathering. Then one impa- 
tient Yankee, tiring of the slow process of stoning the apples 
down, ventured his person into a tree, and the enemy did not 
object. Then another climbed into a tree, then another and 
another, until the trees were filled with masses of skylarking men, 
shrieking, tussling, and laughing to their own and the enemy's 
enjoyment until the last apple had been torn from the trees. 

This easy condition of things lasted until about five o'clock, 
when the sudden opening of firing on the skirmish line indicated 



THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL'S MILL. 253 

an impending assault. The skylarking and frolic of the men 
ceased as the fire of the skirmishers increased in rapidity and 
volume, and every man hurried to his post. Suddenly the battery 
behind us opened with a roar, our skirmishers came flying out of 
the woods and over our works, while behind them sounded the 
wild yell of a rebel charging column. Sergeant Judson L. Young, 
of Company D, who had been on the skirmish line, was wounded 
as he reached the works. As soon as our skirmishers were over 
our works, we opened a terrible fire, every man loading and firing 
for liis life ; but steadily, swiftly, the heavy columns of the enemy 
poured from the woods, yelling and firing wildly, those behind 
pushing those in front, until it seemed as if the pandemonium of 
shrieking, rushing demons would roll over our works, by sheer 
weight of numbers, in spite of the fire mowing their front lines 
down. And just then, as if to complete our destruction — for to be 
driven back into the tangled woods just at night, chased by a 
superior foe, far from a sup[)orting column, meant not only the 
loss of our batteries but Andersonville for hundreds of us — just 
then the One Hundreth New York, on our right, broke and left 
their part of the works in spite of shrieking ofiicers. General Foster 
himself dashing among them, yelling like a madman and brand- 
ishing his sword in a vain attempt to hold them. But the old 
Tenth Connecticut had been held on reserve and was just rushing 
to the support of the line, and the men of the two regiments, con- 
fident of each other's support, and of the steadfastness of the 
Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, strung along the gap with light- 
ning speed until they had filled it after a manner, every man 
redoubled his efforts to hold the enemy, now surging at the rough 
abatis planted in the front of our hastily built line. They had 
stood our terrible fire well until now, but they could not stand the 
prospect of the cold steel we were ready to meet them with should 
they persist in crossing the works ; they wavered, broke, and fell 
back into the heavy woods between us. 

Tluit this svas one of the most stubborn assaults of the war is 
shown by its lasting for twenty minutes, during which time 
General AValker of the Second Corps notes, in his history of that 
corps, that the fire of musketry was tremendous. 

It must be said for the One Hundredth New York that when 
our artillery opened fire, intending to drop shells along our front, 
many of the shells fell among the men of that regiment, throwing 



254 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

it into confusion, and that many of that regiment, officers and 
men, stood fast throughout the assault. Adjutant Camp, of the 
Tenth Connecticut, wrote at the time of this stampede : "There 
was already some iinsteadiness among those who were firing, when 
our artillery opened from a position some distance in the rear, 
intending to fire over our heads, but dropping about every shell 
with horrible precision directly among us. Henry [Chaplain 
Trumbull] was standing a few yards from me, when one of these 
exploded in his very face, seemingly but a few inches above and 
before him, knocking him down, blinded and almost stunned. It 
was a spherical case. ... At the same moment another ex- 
ploded among the men in front of our regiment. It was more 
than they could stand. A dozen started for the rear, a hundred 
followed, then the whole line broke, turned backwards, and surged 
away from the works, through our line and into the woods. Our 
boys sprang forward to fill the vacancy as well as the thin line 
enabled them to, and with cool determination held the enemy at 
bay. ... As they broke, our ofiicers rushed among the fugi- 
tives, shouted encouragement, entreated, threatened, seized them 
and flung them back to the front — all did what they could to turn 
the tide. We were in some degree successful. A dozen looked 
on hesitatingly while our major flogged an officer, a six-foot 
skulker, back to the works with the flat of his sword, and con- 
cluded to stand there themselves. Indeed, I ought to say that 
many of this regiment stood fast from the first." 

At eight o'clock, General Hancock received an order to send 
Mott's division back to Petersburg to take the place of the Ninth 
Corps in the intrenchments, in order that the latter corps, now 
under General Parke, might support "Warren in a contemplated 
movement against the Weldon road. Mott's withdrawal made a 
contraction of Hancock's line necessary. Word was passed that 
we were to retire and that we must do so very quietly, without 
noise or gun-rattling ; even the tin cups and plates of the men 
must be so placed in their haversacks as not to give out the monot- 
onous clinking that usually tells that a line of troops is on the 
march. Then, a little later, we stole through the dark woods, 
moving towards the left, leaving Colonel Plaisted with a thousand 
men of various commands to cover our movement. 

The 19th and 20th of August, we lay in position on the con- 
tracted line, but were unmolested. An assault was contemplated 



THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL's MILL. 255 

for the 19th, as General Grant thought the enemy had returned 
one division to Petersburg, and so advised General Ilaucoek to 
attack if an opportunity offered. But a personal reconnoissance 
by General Hancock gave so little hope of success that, on report- 
ing to General Grant by telegraph, word was returned not to 
attack unless with a chance of surprise, or the prospect of some 
marked advantage. There was considerable picket firing during 
the 19th. During the day the following general order was issued 
to the corps by General Birney : 

Headquarters, Tenth Army Corps, 
Fussell's Mill, Va., Aug. 19, 1864. 
Getieral Order. 

The Major-General commanding congratulates the Tenth 
Corps upon its success. It has on each occasion, when ordered, 
broken the enemy's strong lines. It has captured, during the 
short campaign, four siege guns protected by the most formi- 
dable works, six colors, and many prisoners. It has proved itself 
worthy of its old Wagner and Sumter renown. Much fatigue, 
patience, and heroism may yet be demanded of it, but the Major- 
General commanding is confident of the response. 

Major-General D. B. Birney. 
(Signed,) Edward W. Smith, 

Lt.-Col. and A. A. G. 

On the 20th Hancock was instructed to retire from the north 
side of the James. Immediately after dark the two divisions of 
the Second Corps, with the cavalry and the artillery, began this 
movement, which was covered by the troops of our corps. It 
rained all through the night, as it had almost continually since 
the night of the 18th. During the night of the 20th we followed 
the retiring Second Corps, and, reaching the redan on Strawberry 
Plains, our brigade went into bivouac, after throwing out a strong 
picket line. At daylight of the 21st we were in line again, and, 
crossing the ponton bridge to the south side of the river, recrossed 
the river by the upper bridge, marching into our camp ground at 
Deep Bottom at five o'clock, Just the hour of the morning at 
which, exactly one Aveek before, we opened fire on the Deep Bottom 
front, initiating a week of hard campaigning. 

During the Aveek we had lost 5 officers and 141 men, of whom 2 
officers and 46 men had been killed or mortally wounded ; 92 others 
had been wounded, a large percentage of whom too severely to 



256 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

rejoin the regiment. Six had been taken prisoners ; of these, 2 
only survived their imprisonment. 

Small wonder that there was gloom in our camp as we thought 
of the comrades and tent-mates that had fallen — our best and 
bravest, as it seemed to iis. And for the few days we yet occupied 
the Deep Bottom camp-ground the survivors could only, with 
Sergeant-Major Morton, " wander around the camp, looking for 
faces never to be seen again. ^* 



CHAPTER XXV. 

PETEESBUKG. 

A Sad Mai'ch aud a Glad Countermarch — A Night March to Petersburg — 
We Take Position near Fort Hell — Disappointed Artillerymen — 
Under a Continual Fire — Tlie Death of Bassett — A Brave Soldier — A 
Day in a Picket Hole — Pleasant Fatigue Duty — Scurvy — Swindling 
the Surgeon's Cook — Roaring Shotted Salutes and an Incident of 
One — Major Camp's Description of a Midnight Shotted Salute — Col- 
onel Plaisted's Narrow Escape — Relieved and Fall Back out of the 
Line of Fire — Casualties. 

The regiment went on picket at eight o'clock in the evening of 
August 21st. In the night it was called in, as light-marching 
orders had been received, and at about one o'clock in the morning 
the Eleventh, the Tenth Connecticut, and the Twenty-fourth 
Massachusetts recrossed the ponton bridge and took the road 
leading towards the Bermuda Hundred front. We had passed 
over half the distance, when an aid met us with countermanding 
orders, and we retraced our steps to Deep Bottom, arriving there 
at daylight. 

General Birney had i")lanned to assault the Howlett House Bat- 
tery position in the early morning, and as a compliment to the 
valor our brigade had shown in assaulting and carrying works 
during the preceding week, it was to be given the head of the 
assaulting column. Luckily for us, wiser counsel prevailed, and 
the proposed attack was abandoned, else it is very probable that 
the history of the Eleventh Maine would end here ; for it is hardly 
to be supposed that many of its members would have escaped the 
terrible fire with which the rebels could have met our advance. 
This every man of us knew, yet there was no disposition shown 
to draw back ; and had we assaulted the enemy's line, I am not 
sure but some of us would have succeeded in at least mounting 
their works. Of course, the boys cursed loudly, but Colonel 
Plaisted, who headed the regiment, was too shrewd to notice the 
objurgations concerning all in authority. He patiently sought 
to encourage the men by describing the ground they must charge 
17 



258 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

over, ground he had become well acquainted with in reconnoiter- 
ing the Howlett House front while commanding along it. He 
felt quite sure that he could lead the column of attack by shel- 
tered ways, so that it would not be directly under fire until he 
could get it where a short rush would bring us into the enemy's 
works. All of which was comforting after a poor fashion ; still, 
we turned our faces towards Deep Bottom with very much lighter 
hearts than we bore while marching the other way. 

On the 34th of August, Colonel Plaisted turned the command 
of the regiment over to Captain Merrill, and resumed that of the 
brigade. General Foster taking command of a division elsewhere. 
Colonel Plaisted retained command of the brigade until in Novem- 
ber, when he took home tlie three years' men who had not reen- 
listed, and whose three years then expired. He returned from 
Maine to resume command of the brigade, and, having received 
his star, held command until he left the service in March, 1865. 

On the same day that Captain Merrill assumed command, Au- 
gust 34th, we received marching orders. We were to make ready 
to march at a moment's notice. 

At five o'clock in the afternoon of the 35th of August we struck 
tents, and, a heavy shower coming up, we got well soaked for our 
prematureness. On the 36th, negro troops of Paine's brigade 
arrived and relieved us, and at half-past four o'clock in the after- 
noon our brigade started to make a night march to the Peters- 
burg front, where the Tenth Corps was to relieve the Eighteenth 
Corps. The night was a dark and rainy one, and the way lay 
through thick pine woods for some miles. The road was muddy, 
and patched with puddles of water, lying in the ruts the heavy 
wagons had worn. The line of march was a broken one, every man 
straying along as best he could, now stumbling through a pool of 
water, now running against a tree-trunk. The grumbling and 
swearing can be imagined. We reached the Appomattox at Point 
of Rocks about eleven o'clock. By this time the rain was coming 
down in torrents. A wagon train was crossing the bridge, so we 
had to lie down and wait its passage, during which, wet as we 
were, our tired men lay down on the muddy ground, and napped 
as best they could. It was one o'clock before we started again. 
We crossed the bridge in the dark, guided across it by the flashes 
of lightning that now lit up the scene. The bridge was a long 
one, the Appomattox here running to wide swampy shores, across 



PETERSBURG. 259 

which the bridge was built from the high ground on each side of 
the river. After marching a few miles farther, the storm grew to 
such violence and the roads were in such a terrible condition, 
that the order came to halt, and shelter ourselves as we best could. 
All we could do in the open ground we were now in was to crouch 
down in the mud, and doze it out. The storm rolled away dur- 
ing the early morning hours, so that the sun rose clear and warm. 
After making coffee, we were in line and resumed our march. We 
now marched through a rolling country of cleared plantations, 
with their abandoned houses and negro quarters. Petersburg 
was i)liiinly in sight during a portion of the march ; we could see 
its encircling lines of earthworks. Confederate and Union. In- 
deed, everywhere we could see there were earthworks, and frown- 
ing guns, and camps of soldiers. 

After having marched about fifteen miles from Deep Bottom, 
we reached the outer line of works at a point not far from the 
Jerusalem Plank road. Here we halted, and then moved up to 
the works in line of battle, the troops we were relieving marching 
out. As we looked over the works, we could see the Confederate 
works and batteries, not a tree or stump intervening — just a smooth 
stretch of cleared grass land. As we were scanning the lines 
a group of Union artillerymen strolled down, and, seeing that we 
were new to the position, thought to have a little fun with us. 
Said one : '' This is the most dangerous spot in the whole line of 
works ; men are killed here by shells every day." " Yes," chimed 
in a comrade, ''the rebel artillery have the dead drop on this 
place, and can put a shot in here just where they want to." Just 
then a cloud of smoke rolled out of the rebel battery opposite, and 
a shell came shrieking across the works, to burst a few rods in our 
rear. " Jim Island ! " sang out one of our Morris Island ex-artil- 
lerymen ; then, as another shell came bounding over us, '' Sulli- 
van ! " yelled another, and then came a shout of laughter as the 
roguish artillerymen turned to hurry off, one of them saying : 
" Why, these are some of those damned Charleston fellers." You 
see, we "Charleston fellers" could not be intimidated by a few 
shells. We had long since learned that a brigade of artillery, 
manning guns of the largest caliber, hadn't the killing power 
possessed by a thin skirmish line, with its deadly rifles. 

We made our camp near the Avery House, not far from the 
point on the front where the mine was exploded in July. Along 



260 THE STOEY OF OXE REGIMENT. 

the front of this camp, which was pitched with one wing of the 
regiment arrayed behind the other — along the front of each wing 
we built a high breastwork of logs banked with earth, under the 
lee of which " splinter proofs " our shelter tents were pitched. 
The officers' quarters, and the cook-houses in the rear of the camp 
— indeed, all places that were to be occupied by men or animals — 
had these high breastworks built before them. 

Our routine of duty at Petersburg ran thus : One day of twenty- 
four hours we would be on the jjicket line in our front, placed 
along a run that intersected an exposed field, the enemy's picket 
line lying on the other side of the run. Here, in the head-high 
holes some of our predecessors had dug, we shivered through the 
night and broiled through the day, not daring to lift our heads 
above our rude earthworks until dark. Firing and observing was 
done through the rude embrasures the banks of earth before our 
picket holes were pierced with. When relieved, always at night, 
and Just after dark, we would only fall back into the front line of 
works (batteries connected by infantry parapets), to remain there 
forty-eight hours. Then, relieved by in-coming pickets, we would 
fall back to our camp and remain until morning, the next day 
being spent on fatigue duty. Then after another twenty-four 
hours spent in camp we went on picket again, going over the 
weary round. 

All this time, in camp and out of it, we were under fire, the 
bullets of the enemy ever singing around our ears, whether we 
were on the picket line, the main one, the reserve one, or in camp. 
And often in camp, in the night, a sudden commotion would tell 
that some poor fellow had been severely wounded or perhaps 
killed, while curling up to his tent-mate under their blankets. 
"VVe would often be turned out by a furious mortar-shelling to lie 
in line of battle under a storm of falling iron. But we dreaded 
the picket line the most, especially the day hours of it, not on 
account of its danger, for it was a comparatively safe one, all 
knowing the danger of exposure and conforming to the necessity 
of keeping closely covered ; but to lie for so many hours under a 
hot sun in a hole in the ground, with only " hard tack " and 
greasy boiled pork to eat, and the warm water of our (the night 
before filled) canteens to drink was very disagreeable. Then the 
certainty that a rush of the enemy meant death or imprisonment 
for all jnckets on the line of attack was not a quieting one. 



PETERSBURG. 261 

It was on this picket line that First Sergeant Bassett, of D Com- 
pany, was killed the night of the 15th of September. It was a 
bright moonlight niglit. AVe relieved the First Maryland. Our 
men crept forward, each squad well informed of its assigned posi- 
tion, and all suddenly hurried for their positions, getting under 
cover as speedily as possible, the relieved pickets stealing away for 
the main line. But some of the relieved pickets moved up the 
hill somewhat carelessly, their plates and cups clanking noisily and 
themselves visible in the bright moonlight, so drawing a sharp fire 
from the enemy's pickets, by which several of the careless fellows 
were wounded. Sergeant Bassett was to enter the extreme left 
picket hole to be occupied by our regiment. Lieutenant Maxfield, 
commanding D, was assisting in placing the line, and was in the 
picket hole, with Sergeant Bassett running towards it, when the 
enemy opened fire on the careless Maryland men. Eeaching the 
pit. Sergeant Bassett thoughtlessly stood erect on its edge 
while saying, "Well, boys, Fm here," then fell forward into 
the Lieutenant's arms, a bullet having pierced his throat. 

Lieutenant Maxfield sent word down the line to the writer of 
this to make his way to the left and take Sergeant Bassett's place 
in the pit, and, if possible, have the body removed to the main 
works. With this object in mind, the Lieutenant moved down the 
line to his position near the right of the company, and called for a 
volunteer to go for a stretcher. Private Prince Edward Dunifer, 
of D, promptly responded, and succeeded in making his way 
into the main works. But the night was so bright that it was 
impossible for us to take the body in. Had it been a dark night, 
or a dusky one, we could easily have sent his body over the works 
without much risk ; but so light, and with the enemy's pickets in 
the firing mood they were — for all night long they sent bullets 
flying at every moving shadow — it would have been suicide to 
attempt it. We could only lay the body on a rude bed that some 
one had spaded out of the side of the hole we were cooped in, and 
wait for morning. 

In the early morning, just after daybreak, I consulted with 
Lieutenant Thomas Clark, whom Lieutenant Maxfield had left in 
this pit to command the left of our line in case of an attack. He 
agreed with me that it was most desirable to remove the body, in 
view of the promise of a terribly hot day, and I determined to 
make the venture. I asked the men with us if one would make 



262 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

the venture with me, preferring a vohinteer to a detailed com- 
panion. All promptly offered to share my chance. I then 
selected Private Benjamin F. Dumphey, of Company H, whom I 
knew to be a cool, steady-nerved man, and told him to remove 
his belts, while I did the same. I then leaped out of the pit, 
and stood for a half-minute facing the enemy, numbers of whom 
arose from behind their works and took a look at me. Seeing me 
unarmed and unequipped, they refrained from taking a shot at 
the fair mark I offered. Feeling quite sure now that those in 
front would not shoot me without giving fair warning, and 
accepting the chance of some diagonally situated sharpshooter 
potting me, I called to Dumphey to pass along a rubber blanket, 
which I laid rubber side down on the dew-wet grass ; our friends 
had not yet succeeded in reaching us with a stretcher. Then 
Dumphey joined me, and the men in the pit passed the body to 
us, and we laid it on the blanket, of which each of us immedi- 
ately took hold of an upper corner, and quickly slid it over the 
hill to the works, from which a hundred hands were extended to 
take the body from us. We hurried back to the pit and, with a 
hasty salute to the watching enemy, leaped into it, each of us 
drawing our first long breath since placing ourselves at the mercy 
of the enemy. 

You may be sure that we thought we had done pretty well, but 
within a minute our feat was eclipsed. One of our men (I am 
very sorry I have forgotten his name and company), piqued at not 
having been selected by me to help take the body to the works, 
now deliberately volunteered to go for water. We needed water 
badly, and the day was bound to induce thirst. So, receiving per- 
mission from Lieutenant Clark to try it, the man gathered our 
nearly empty canteens, and removing his equipments stepped 
out of the pit, and, walking with the utmost deliberation and 
without a glance at the enemy, made his way to the works and 
climbed over them. In a short time he reappeared, recrossed the 
works, and made his way to us with the same cool deliberation, 
and with as careless a demeanor as if he was not risking his life. 
But the moment he had reentered the pit a bullet came whistling 
across it to warn us that the truce was up, and from that moment 
not a finger could be raised above our pit but a bullet came whis- 
tling at it. And once, just as Private Stephen Mudgett, of D, 
stepped back from the little portliole we kept up a return fire 



PETERSBURG. 263 

through, a bullet came whizzing through it, just skimming by 
his ear, to bury itself with angry force in the bank behind him. 
A half-secoud sooner, and we would have had a second tragedy in 
our little pit. We kept up a steady fire, trying to do Just that 
thing — to put a bullet through the porthole of the rebel pit before 
us. Towards night a commotion among its occupants made us 
feel sure that we had managed to injure some one of them, at 
which idea we jubilated to a savage extent that it hardly seems 
possible such mild-mannered men as we sumvors now appear 
to be could ever have been guilty of. 

A sad feature of Bassett's death was the fact that from the 
date of his enlistment, September 7th, he had served his full 
term of three years, and he firmly believed that he ought not to 
be asked to serve beyond three years from the date he signed the 
roll. lie presented the case to headquarters, but the ruling was 
that the service was for three years from the date of his muster 
into the United States service, which was October 19th. In 
view of the fact that he had spent months in Confederate prisons, 
and was a brave, active, and intelligent soldier, who perhaps 
ought to have been considered when commissions were being 
recommended, he was told that he need not serve at the front for 
the remainder of his term of service. But he was too proud a 
man to take advantage of this oifer, and insisted on sharing the 
labors and risks of his comrades. 

There were others of the regiment who had enlisted early in 
the fall, and who by their reckoning were entitled to their dis- 
charge. These now called themselves '^ conscripts," but they 
fought and marched like the veterans they were, their resent- 
ment in no way cooling their ardor for victory when the onset 
sounded. 

The details for fatigue duty were large, ranging from one hun- 
dred to two hundred and fifty men, the last number covering 
about the effective strength of the regiment. The details were 
under the orders of the Adjutant-General of the division, each 
brigade furnishing a force for the day from the regiment in camp, 
so that quite a little army was mustered daily for fatigue pur- 
poses from our division of three brigades. 

The fatigue duty consisted in repairing the destruction to the 
works made by the enemy's artillery fire, and in cutting logs and 
hewing them into planks for artillery platforms. The first work 



264. THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

was very disagreeable, having to be done under the enemy's fire 
largely ; the last the boys called a " picnic/' as it was done in 
woods some distance in rear of our works, and only to be reached 
from the rebel works by vei'y long-range guns, so that when on 
this duty we could walk around freely without fear of " running 
against a bullet," as the phrase was. So deft were our Eleventh 
Maine boys with the axe that we could finish the stint set for a 
squad of a hundred men in two-thirds of the time the same num- 
ber of men from the other regiments could. But we were too 
shrewd to let this be known at division headquarters, as Adjutant- 
General Adrian H. Terry was not remarkable for his sense of 
justice, and might be inclined to raise our stint. No, we pre- 
ferred that it should be graded by the lesser axe-handling abili- 
ties of the other regiments, so that, with the work done, we could 
lie down under the trees and enjoy ourselves until we could 
return to camp without question. Once or twice in my experi- 
ence the rebels shelled the woods we were at work in ; but, on the 
whole, ''cutting timber" was very pleasant fatigue duty. 

The health of the regiment had been very good all summer, but 
now a scarcity of vegetables and fresh meat and a lack of muscle- 
hardening service brought on dysentery and scurvy. In this con- 
nection, Doctor Cook tells a story of a shrewd trick men of our 
regiment played on his cook. As soon as symptoms of the scurvy 
became manifested the doctor bestirred himself, and by personal 
solicitation secured from the Sanitary Commission people an 
allowance of cornstarch. This his cook would make into a sort 
of soft pudding, to be dealt out to such patients as the doctor 
should designate. When the sick call sounded and the sick went 
to the surgeon's tent, and he would want one of them to benefit 
by the sanitary diet, he would direct Hospital Steward Noyes to 
give the man a check — a square bit of pasteboard of a peculiar 
color — and would tell the recipient to call on the cook, who 
would accept it in return for a stout ration of the cornstarch 
mixture. It was a good mixture, much appreciated, and the cook 
soon found that he could hardly supply the demand, although he 
cooked zealously ; for the good soul was appalled at the constantly 
growing member of scurvy patients, and was patriotically alive to 
the necessity of eradicating the terrible disease, until he made his 
fears known to the Hospital Steward, wlio assured him that, 
instead of the number afflicted with scurvy increasing, it was 



PETERSBURG. 265 

steadily decreasing. This led to an investigation, and it was 
found that the men had sent a bit of the pasteboard north, and 
procured sheets of pasteboard of the same color and quality, which 
they had cut into checks to trade with the unsusj)ecting cook for 
dishes of his savory cornstarch pudding. The doctor laughs 
now at the trick, appreciating it more and more as time rolls on. 
He punningly says that at the time he thought it a very scurvy 
performance. 

The tour of duty in the main line, although affording a liberty 
of movement that was very agreeable after twenty-four hours of 
picket duty, was a dangerous one, especially for those stationed 
in front of the " Elliott" salient of the Confederate line. It was 
under this salient that the mine had been exploded in the early 
hours of a July morning. From its protruding point hundreds 
of men had been hurled from sleep into eternity, and for its 
possession hundreds more had died. From this grim salient, 
the hillside before it rough with hillocks of bare earth and ragged 
with yawning chasms, the results of the explosion, both the enemy 
and ourselves kept up a sharp and almost continuous night fire, 
for it was so close to our line that pickets were not thrown out 
before it by either side. And on dark nights the artillery at this 
point of the line would open fire frequently, to throw a flashing 
light over the rough ground between the lines of works. 

Our heavy artillery was not averse to trying its weight with the 
Confederates at any time. General Humphreys praises the profi- 
ciency attained by the gunners of this branch of artillery service 
in silencing the fire of the batteries of the enemy. They had an 
especial fancy for every now and then opening just at sunrise with 
every gun they had, a roaring, shrieking salute to his rising 
majesty.' Sometimes they did it for practice, sometimes to dis- 
concert and alarm the enemy, sometimes to jubilate over some 
advantage some one of our armies had somewhere gained. On 
the morning of September 21st, Sheridan's victory at Winchpster 
was celebrated by a sunrise salute of shotted guns, each gun on 
our line throwing ten shots into the rebel works. A small de- 
tachment of the regiment was in the little horseshoe-shaped 
outwork before "Fort Hell." At daylight a messenger came 
along the line to make it known that at sunrise all our heavy 
guns would open. I was awake and in charge of a line of guards 
stationed along the parapet in skirmish order. The rest of the 



266 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

men, stationed in tlie little outwork, tired with a sleepless night 
watch, were dozing and najipiug here and there, crouching, lying, 
leaning, in all possible positions but an erect one, every man with 
his rifle clutched by a hand. It was my duty to awaken them 
and acquaint them with the coming bombardment, but I thought 
it would be a good joke to let the roar of the guns do the awaken- 
ing. In a few minutes it came, a sudden roaring of batteries and 
the shrieking and bursting of shells just as the first ray of sunlight 
flashed from the east. The men not awake awoke promptly, every 
man after his nature, some plunging for the bomb-proof, some 
springing for the parapet, and some just jumping to their feet 
and whirling around and around in desperate bewilderment. The 
men who leaped to the parapet to repel any coming enemy thought 
it a very good joke indeed, the momentarily bewildered ones had 
seen better jokes, but the ones that plunged for the bomb-proof 
were loud in expressing their indignation at the severest joke of 
their experience. 

At midnight of September 24th a similar salute, although on a 
larger scale, was fired by the batteries in honor of Sherman's 
occupation of Atlanta. Major Camp of the Tenth Connecticut 
wrote home at the time this lively sketch of the midnight scene : 
" We lay down early, and slept quietly until midnight. Then 
suddenly broke forth such a cannonade as we had heard only once 
before in all our experience, the evening of the attack on Wagner. 
We rose, and looked all around ; our whole line was lit up by the 
flash of the guns, and the roar was incessant. The rebels 
answered, though with a fire of by no means equal intensity ; 
and the sight was a magnificent one — the blazing shells cutting 
the sky in every direction, bursting sometimes at the very summit 
of their curve, and flashing the red glare of their explosion on all 
beneath. Impressive pyrotechny ! . . . Thirty-six midnight 
guns from each battery, and, not to waste ammunition, the guns 
werQ shotted, and Petersburg and its fortifications given the bene- 
fit. .. . During the whole time the bands were playing 
national airs, the music, of course, adding materially to the 
effect." 

Major Camp also records a narrow escape that Colonel Plaisted 
had when on the front line. The Major was standing beside 
Colonel Plaisted, who was looking over the parapet in observation 
of the rebel line, when a sharpshooter drew a bead on the Colonel, 



PETERSBURG. 267 

the bullet striking the top of the parapet just before him, throw- 
ing a spray of dust over the two officers. 

On the 12th of September an informal election was taken in 
our regiment on the Governorship of Maine. Governor Cony 
received 159 votes, and his opponent, Howard, 23. The only vote 
cast for Howard in D company was by stout old Private Maddox. 
When rallied on his 'Slisloyal'" choice, as many incautious 
patriots called it, Maddox wrathfully shouted : " My grandfather 

was a Democrat, my father was a Democrat, and, by , TU 

not go back on either of them." If his argument did not con- 
vince his tormentors of the soundness of his logic, his blazing 
eyes and stalwart form gave it respectful consideration. 

In the evening of September 24th the Tenth Corps was relieved 
by the Second Corps. During the night we retired out of the 
line of fire, and bivouacked on a plain in the rear of General 
Birney's headquarters. And for the first night in a month we lay 
down and slept with a feeling of safety, without fear of shell or 
bullet. AVe did not realize until we were out of the danger how 
wearing had been the continual anxiety. On Morris Island the 
camps were out of the line of artillery fire, and rifle bullets were 
unknown. Here for a month we had been day and night under a 
fire of shells and bullets. Sergeant-Major Morton noted, while at 
the front, " Musket balls are flying through the camp at all hours 
of the day and night " ; and his diary bristles with such entries 
as these : " Quite a brisk shelling from half-past six in the after- 
noon until nine o'clock." " Troops turned out last night in expec- 
tation of an attack. '' ''Heavy shelling last night." "Rebels 
shelled camp." " Camp shelled this afternoon." "Quite a brisk 
shelling this afternoon, many shells falling into the camp. " " Bur- 
ied Sergeant Bassett amid the booming of cannon and the whis- 
tling of bullets." But this was now over, and we were not again 
subjected to such conditions. 

The casualties of the month spent in the Petersburg trenches 
were as follows : 

September 9fh. 

Company A. — Wounded, Corporal Samuel Frye, during a heavy 
shelling of our camp at night. 

September 10th. 
Company F. — Killed, Corporal Lewis H. Wing, by a sharp- 
shooter on the picket line. 



268 THE STOEY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

September 12th. 
Company A. — Killed, Corporal Thomas D. Tainter, by a bullet 
in head while asleep on the grass in rear of the raain line. 

Septemher Ihth. 
Company D. — Killed, First Sergeant Abner F. Bassett, on 
picket line. 

Septemher ISth. 
Company I. — Killed, Private Asa A. Arthurs, by a bullet while 
lying in liis tent. 

September 22d. 
Company I. — Wounded, Private Edward Butler, in the head, 
by a bullet while lying in his tent in the early morning. 
Killed, 4 ; wounded, 2 — total, 6. 



CHAPTER XXVI. 

THE NOKXn SIDE OF THE JAMES. 

Colonel Plaisted's Care of the Regiment — Drills once More — Marching 
Orders— A Night March to Deep Bottom—" Who Stole the Butter ? " 
— The Object of the Expedition — Capture of Works before Deep 
Bottom — General Ord Captures Fort Harrison and Other Works — 
Ord Wounded and Heckman Assumed Command — Fails to Carry the 
Works — We March on Richmond — See its Spires and Roofs — Forced 
to Fall Back — Intrenching — Movements — Skirmishing — Kautz Loses 
his Position — We Face the Victors — Their Assault and Defeat — 
— Casualties — A Reconnoissance in Force and its Casualties — Gen- 
eral Birney's Death — The Cavalry Driven in, and we Move out and 
Retake their Lost Position — Tlie Last Engagement of the War on the 
North Side of the James — The Breaking up of the Old Organization 
— Reduced to a Battalion — Lieutenant Maxfield in Command — Go to 
New York to Keep the Peace — Return to Chapin's Farm — The 
Return of Hill and Baldwin — A Regiment once More — Losses of tlie 
Campaign. 

On the day succeeding the night dui'ing which we fell back, we 
proceeded to lay out a camp. I remember that Colonel Plaisted 
appeared with a tapeliue, and, ordering myself and a couple of 
men to accompany him, we measured out the lines of a camp for 
our regiment. The colonel abhorred dirt and disorder. From 
the day he took command of our regiment on the Peninsula its 
camps were model ones, both in form and as to cleanliness — the 
envy of the officers of other regiments, and the joy of inspecting 
officers. So now, although brigade commander, remembering 
that we were without a field officer, he was so solicitous for the 
well-being of his regiment that he came to us, tapeline in hand, 
and once more we had company streets, a parade ground, and all 
the arrangements of a well-ordered camp. 

Then orders came to drill. We had not drilled for months 
now, our latest recruits having fought, bled, and many of them 
died, on the battlefield without ever having gone through the 
intricacies of company or regimental maneuvers. But those yet 



270 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

with US were not to finish the campaign without receiving a touch 
of military discipline. For September 2Gth, there was company 
drill from 4 until 5.30 p.m. The 27th there was guard-mounting 
at 8 A.M., company drill from 8.30 to 10 a.m., battalion drill, 
with knapsacks, from 3.30 to 4 p.m. — and unlimited disgust 
among both men and officers from reveille to taps. 

But we were not destined to give the martinets all the oppor- 
tunity they were anxious to have to display their skill as drill- 
masters, for the General-in-Chief had other work for us to do. 

On the 28th of September we received orders to be ready to 
march at three o'clock in the afternoon, with two days' rations. 
And at the hour named we took up our line of march for Deep 
Bottom. The First Maryland Cavalry, which had been serving 
with our brigade as infantry, now went to City Point to receive 
their horses and to be assigned to a command of their own arm of 
the service. 

We reached Deep Bottom at one o'clock in the morning of Sep- 
tember 29th. The march of our brigade was free from the dis- 
tressing circumstances of that from Deep Bottom to Petersburg. 
The road was dry, and the night clear ; but still, it was a weary 
force of men that crossed the ponton bridge, and, climbing the 
familiar height, crossed the works they had built three months 
before, and camped down in line of battle on the wet grass in the 
field before the works. 

Night marches are always wearying ones. The monotony of 
plodding through silent darkness, hour after hour, is as wearying 
to the men as is the distance. It is rarely that a gleam of enjoy- 
ment illumines the dullness of such a march ; but this was an 
exceptional night, for, as we plodded along through its semi-dark- 
ness and were passing a half-slumbering camp — the fii'es were low 
and the lights were few — a voice rang out with, " What regiment 
is that ?" At the answer, ''The Eleventh Maine," a wild yell 
came from the quiet camp, dark forms rising in groups and com- 
panies to shout, in stentorian volleys, " Who stole the butter ?" 
It was the camp of the Ninety-eighth New York, the regiment 
that in December, 1862, sailed in the steamer New York from 
Yorktown to Fortress Monroe with a wing of our regiment, on 
which cruise the sutler of the Ninety-eighth lost certain tubs of 
butter, and the question now waking the echoes was the one to 
' which even a drumhead court-martial had failed to find an answer. 



THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 271 

The force we were a part of was intended to surprise the Con- 
federate works on the north side of the river, where they were 
known to be thinly held. It was hoped that an unexpected on- 
slaught would not only force their covering lines, such as the 
works before Deep Bottom and along Bailey's Creek, and the 
works centering on Fort Harrison, near Chapin's Bluff, but would 
enable us to get possession of Fort Gilmer, a prominent iioint 
of the Confederate main line, really the key to the position of 
Chapin's Bluff. 

General Ord, now commanding the Eighteenth Corps, was in 
immediate command of the troops of the expedition, which con- 
sisted of all of the Tenth, with such of the Eighteenth Corps as 
could be spared from the Bermuda Hundred lines, and of Kautz's 
cavalry division. Ord, with the troops of the Eighteenth Corps, 
was to cross the river from his Bermuda Hundred front, crossing 
by a ponton bridge laid down at Aiken's, was to gain the Varina 
road — here abutting on the river — move sharply in the early 
morning and assail the enemy, taking such works as he could ; 
at all events, was to prevent the enemy from crossing troops by 
the ponton bridge between Drury's and Chapin's Bluffs to attack 
the Tenth Corps. The Tenth Corps was to cross the river at 
Deep Bottom in the early morning — Kautz's cavalry following — 
gain the Newmarket and Darbytown roads, lying beyond the 
Varina road in the order named and running parallel with it, the 
infantry to move along the Newmarket road, with Kautz's cavalry 
moving on their flank by the Darbytown road, the line to overrun 
the Confederate outworks before Deep Bottom, and sweep forward 
towards the flank of Fort Gilmer, while Ord attacked its front. 

At daybreak we were in line, and quickly moved forward 
through the familiar woods before Deep Bottom. The colored 
brigade that had relieved us and had since held the Deep Bottom 
works had the advance, and struck the enemy beyond the Grover 
House. The rebels had been warned of the formidable nature of 
the movement, and, fearing being cut off by Ord's breaking 
through near the river, fell back and to the right from before our 
front, which was the extreme right of the Union line of attack. 
We moved across their works, and swinging to the left advanced 
along the line of Four Mile Creek, driving bodies of the enemy 
before us until all the fortifications before Deep Bottom and on 
Newmarket Heights had been overrun by our brigade, and we 



272 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

were not stayed in our victorious course until we were before the 
formidable line of works reaching out from Chapin's Bluff. 

Ord had followed the river road and had attacked so strongly 
with Burnham's brigade as to carry all before him, capturing 
Fort Harrison with sixteen guns and a large number of prisoners. 
General Burnham, of Maine, was killed in the assault. General 
Ord then moved his forces to the right and left of Fort Harrison, 
capturing two batteries of three guns each. He then endeavored 
to sweep down from the captured intrenchments and take the 
works on the river bank that covered the enemy's ponton bridge, 
but, the Confederate gunboats opening, the attempt was unsuc- 
cessful. General Ord was severely wounded in directing this 
movement, and General Heckman took command of the troops of 
the Eighteenth Corps. He scattered his brigades in the woods 
so that he could not concentrate them on Fort Gilmer until it 
had been so heavily reenforced that he was repulsed with a heavy 
loss. This repulse was a severe disappointment to General Grant, 
for the capture of Fort Harrison only gave possession of an 
advanced line, while that of Fort Gilmer would have carried all 
the Chapin's Bluff works with it. 

The Tenth Corps now moved forward and occupied the enemy^s 
works lying across the Newmarket and Darbytown roads, woi'ks 
covering the Confederate main line, which was a little over a mile 
beyond them. General Grant was now on the ground. Sending 
our division over to the Darbytown road, about a mile across from 
the Newmarket one, to support Kautz, he directed Birney to 
move forward with his other brigades. Ames's division and Briga- 
dier-General William Birney's colored brigade moved on Fort 
Gilmer by the Newmarket road, but they were forced back by 
grape and musketry when so close to the works that some of the 
colored brigade jumped into the ditch and tried to climb to the 
parajDet of the fort over each other's shoulders. 

We of Terry's division were now pusliing through the captured 
works, Kautz on the right, all moving under a heavy fire, and in 
momentary expectation that the assault on Gilmer would be suc- 
cessful, when we proposed to force our way into Richmond. So 
vigorously did we move forward that, when the announcement of 
the failure of the assault reached us, we were actually less than 
four miles from Richmond, and it required a rapid movement to 
get out of the precarious position our sanguine advance had placed 



THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 273 

our inadequate force in. Chaplain Trumbull says that the head of 
our column reached a point from which the roofs and spires of 
Richmond were in full view. We rejoined our corps and spent 
the night in throwing up light works. 

The morning of the 30th of September we moved into a line of 
the captured rebel works, which we proceeded to reverse and 
strengthen, in expectation of an attack. The day was one of 
heavy skirmishing only, until in the afternoon, wlien a heavy force 
of the enemy, under the direction of General Lee, assaulted Fort 
Harrison, and were beaten back three times before abandoning 
the attempt to recapture it. General Stannard, who so gallantly 
held the fort for us, lost his arm in the second assault. 

While these north-side operations were going on, General Meade 
was moving on the left, partly to keep Confederate reenforcements 
from being sent to the north side, where so much was hoped for, 
and partly to try to gain ground on that flank. The results of his 
movements were desultory, although rather in his favor. 

On the 1st of October General Terry moved out on the right, 
with a brigade, to make a rcconnoissance. The regiments of our 
brigade remained in the works (except the Tenth Connecticut), 
lengthening their line to cover the position the regiments on the 
reconnoissance had held. The Tenth Connecticut was sent to the 
front to make a threatening demonstration to prevent reenforce- 
ments being sent against Terry. At night Terry returned, and 
the Tenth fell back to its old position, having been engaged the 
whole day in opposing a superior force. 

It had begun to rain during September 30th, and the officers 
and men were without shelter, except for the blanket each man 
carried. The night of the 30th was a cold, comfortless one, the 
men lying down in the mud to be pelted all night by a pitiless 
storm ; and in the morning it still beat down, so that the only 
change from the night was, according to Chajilain Trumbull, to 
^rise and "take the rain perpendicularly instead of horizontally." 
It cleared away during the day. 

We spent a few days in strengthening intrenchments, and in 
making demonstrations calculated to keep the other side from 
attacking. On the 2d of October the rebels advanced, and for a 
time it seemed, from the volume of fire on the picket line, that they 
were determined to assault. During the 4th, 5th, and 6th these 
demonstrations continued. Tl)c rebels, as the result proved, were 
18 



274 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

reconnoitering our line with a view to turning it. The baggage 
now came up and shelter tents were jntched, the men got their 
knapsacks, and the officers were given an opportunity to see their 
baggage and get the change of clothes all sadly needed. 

During the 6th deserters from the enemy reported that an 
attack was impending, and that it would be launched on the morn- 
ing of the 7th. The night of the 6th was an anxious one, but it 
passed with only picket fighting, and the morning broke without 
the anticipated attack. The troops had been in line since day- 
light to meet one. Then, just as we were congratulating our- 
selves on the falsity of our information and preparing to break 
ranks, the roar of guns and the crash of musketry far to our right 
told us that the games of the day had begun. 

The right flank of our force — our brigade held the extreme 
infantry position on that flank — was covered by Kautz's cavalry. 
His position was on the Darbytown road at the Confederate line of 
intrenchments we had captured on the 29th of September, and 
between us stretched a swamp. He had 1,700 men and two bat- 
teries. So threatening was his position that the larger part of two 
Confederate divisions. Field's and Hoke's, with a cavalry force, 
moved out on the night of October 6th, and at sunrise of the 7th 
attacked Kautz on his front and right flank. He could not stand 
up against the attack, and in falling back through the swamp, by 
the narrow road crossing it, found the rebel cavalry there before 
him. Leaving them his eight guns, his men made desperate 
attempts to get under the wing of our division, scouring the woods 
in flying groups. And about as soon as the roar of the enemy's 
sudden attack on Kautz came to our ears, the advance of his 
broken cavalry squadrons came dashing through the woods on 
our flank, riding recklessly through branches and copses. Almost 
immediately our division left its intrenchments at the double quick 
for a position at about a right angle to the one we had held. 

Colonel Plaisted says that his brigade was moved down the New- 
market road in the direction of Deep Bottom for a mile and a 
half, when he formed line of battle near the Junction of the New- 
market and Varina roads, and had moved his force forward a 
hundred yards or so, when we were fired on by the enemy. Our 
brigade was now in a position at right angles to that we had left, 
Hawley's brigade'on our left. Skirmishers were thrown out — Com- 
panies B and H of our regiment on our front, with Lieutenant 



THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 275 

Dunbar in command — and they were quickl}' and fiercely engaged. 
Heavy artillery firing was now beard on tbe line we bad burried 
from, and musketry firing came rolling down tbe line towards us 
as the enemy's skirmishers pressed along it to find the extreme 
right of our line, which was held by our brigade. Having located 
it, the rebel commander prepared his assaulting column under 
cover of a strong skirmish attack. His line of skirmishers pressed 
forward closely to ours, and the rebel battalions formed for 
attack close to their skirmish line, in order to lessen the distance 
their rush must be made over. Thick woods were all around us, 
but for some distance in our front was clear of underbrush. Sud- 
denly the sharp fire of skirmishers on our front rose to a roar that 
told us that they could see the rebel brigades in motion. Then 
the skirmishers came flying back through the woods, and a yell 
broke out beyond them. Scarcely waiting for our men to get in — 
indeed, many of them had to throw themselves on the ground, and 
lie there during the engagement — we opened a furious fire on the 
rebels as they broke cover, and swept forward with their fierce 
battle yell. Instantly the volleys opened on them, and amid 
a cloud of smoke they pressed on, their battle flags flaunting and 
their officers urging them forward. Then on our left broke forth 
the roar of the seven-shooters of Hawley's brigade. Seven volleys 
in one ! Flesh and blood could not stand such a cyclone of lead, 
and the rebels stopped, broke, and fell back to cover, leaving the 
woods piled with their dead and dying. 

But they did not give up the attack. Once in shelter, they 
turned and opened a fierce fire on us, their showers of bullets tear- 
ing through the woods in a whistling storm. The One Hundre'dth 
New York, holding the extreme right, had broken and fallen to the 
rear during the enemy's assault, leaving the flank entirely exposed. 
Colonel Plaisted made no effort to stop their retrogade movement, 
wasting no time on them, simply calling on the Tenth Connecti- 
cut, now on the flank and on our immediate right, to swing its 
right alittle to the rear and face the rebel line, that was now seek- 
ing to move round our right flank. On the Tenth Connecticut, 
the Eleventh Maine, and the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts now 
rested the fate of the day. The blood of the men was up. They 
had the enemy outside his intrenchments, man to man, for once ; 
and, although the three regiments were so sadly reduced by the 
casualties of the campaign that they could not have had more 



276 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

than six hundred men in their brigade line, they were strong m 
courage and ardor, and had no thought of giving way. Speaking 
for the brigade, Major Camp, of the Tenth Connecticut, wrote home 
of this engagement as follows: ''The men needed little in the 
line of instruction and orders — they knew just what to do, and 
did it. At the first fire the regiment on our right turned and ran. 
Our men saw it, knew that the flank was now exposed, nothing 
there to hinder the immediate advance of the enemy. Nothing is 
so apt to shake men into panic. Our men paid no other attention 
to it than to give a rousing cheer, just to show the enemy that they 
had no thought of giving ground, then turned steadily to their 
work. Each man stood fast. Where a comrade fell they gave him 
room to lie, no more. There, was no random firing in the air, but 
rapid loading, cool aim, and shots that told. It was good to see 
such fighting. Those whom we met were no raw recruits. They 
fought well. For a while, though unable to advance, they stood 
their ground. Broken once, they rallied again at the urging of their 
officers, and once more tried to move forward through the fire 
that mowed them down. It was of no use ; again thrown into con- 
fusion, they fell back, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. 
. . . The three New England regiments of our brigade are 
as good men as ever fought." 

The New England regiments of Plaisted's brigade were particu- 
larly proud of this victory, as it was won largely by their steadiness 
while outflanked and in the open field, man to man, without 
artillery on either side, and the men opposed to us were of Long- 
street's famous corps. Colonel Plaisted shared this feeling to such 
an 'extent that the usually brief return made to the Adjutant- 
General of Maine blossoms out in a bit of fun. He wrote : 
" The enemy, hoping to take us by suriDrise, left his intrenchments, 
contrary to his custom, and trusted to the open field ; but finding 
very soon that faith without works was vain, although we had but a 
single line of battle to oppose his columns, he beat a hasty retreat." 

The loss of the enemy was very large. Among the killed was 
General Gregg, commanding the Texas brigade, ''a gallant com- 
mander of a gallant brigade," as General Humphreys says in his 
history of the campaign of 1864. Among the wounded was 
another brigade commander. General Bratton, of the South Caro- 
lina brigade of Field's division. Our losses were not large. The 
casualties in our own regiment were as follows : 



THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 277 

Company B. — Wounded, Sergeant John "W. Hay ward ; Private 
Seth H. Eiggs. 

Company D. — AYounded, Lieutenant Albert Maxfield ; Corporal 
Horace Whittier. 

Company E. — Wounded, Private William L. Rollins. 

Company G. — Wounded, Private Josiali L, Bennett. 

Company H. — Killed, Privates Ruben H. Cross, Joseph Header. 
AVounded, First Sergeant Nathan J. Gould ; Corporal Charles H. 
Cummings ; Privates George H. Coffren, Charles B. Rogers. 

Company I. — Wounded, Corporal Lewis M. Libby. 

Company K. — Wounded, Private Charles F. Bickford. 

Killed, 2 ; wounded, 12 — total, 14. 

As the enemy disappeared in the forest, reenforeements came 
running up the road to the assistance of our imperiled position. 
Scouts were sent out by Colonel Plaisted to ascertain the enemy's 
object, whether to retreat or form for another advance. On their 
return with information that the enemy seemed to be in full 
retreat, the brigades were moved forward over the battlefield, to 
press vigorously upon the enemy's rear, but so quickly did the 
Confederates move in retreat that they were across the swamp, and 
on tlie Darbytown road, before we had an opportunity to strike a 
blow. Retiring within their works, they resumed their defensive 
position, and this was the last Confederate assault made on the 
north side of the James. 

In a congratulatory address to the Army of the James, General 
Butler said, of this engagement: "'Massing all his veteran troops 
on your right flank on the 7th of October, the enemy drove in our 
cavalry with the loss of some pieces of horse artillery, but meeting 
the steady troops of the Tenth Corps, were repulsed with slaugh- 
ter, losing three commanders of brigades, killed and wounded, 
and many field and line officers, and men, killed, wounded, and 
prisoners." 

At night we took up a position about where the battle of the 
day was fought, and threw up intrenchments. We were engaged 
for a week in this work and in arranging our camp. The tents 
and baggage came up, a camp was pitched, and we settled into 
routine work again. 

Soon after noon of October 12th we received orders to move 
in light marching order. A reconnoisance in force was contem- 
plated. At half-past four in the afternoon we moved out through 



278 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

a sallyport of our new works with the other regiments of our 
brigade. The force engaged in this movement consisted of 
the whole of the First Division, now commanded by General 
Ames, General Terry having charge of the corps, sickness hav- 
ing obliged General Birney to relinquish the command. We 
reached the Cox farm, open ground before our works, where 
"we halted. Then it became known that a flag of truce was be- 
tween the lines, and our regiments were marched back to their 
camps. 

At three o'clock of the morning of the 13th we were routed out, 
and by four o'clock the same force was moving out through the 
works again. Marching through the dimness of the early morn- 
ing, we crossed the Cox farm, marched through the swamp, and 
formed for attack on the fields of the Johnson plantation, where 
Kautz was again in position. Then we moved across the Darby- 
town road to the extensive plains lying between it and the Charles 
City road, and began our advance. It was a bright October 
morning, clear, bracing, and the men were in high spirits. The 
scene was an inspiring one, as the broad fields our columns formed 
in filled with troops. Chaplain Trumbull describes it in these 
eloquent words : " The morning was delightful. It was the open- 
ing of a bright October day. The air was clear and bracing. 
The first rays of the rising sun were reflected from the frosted 
surface of the wide-reaching grassy fields, and from the many- 
hued forest trees beyond, as the skirmishers of the three brigades 
deployed and moved in a thin wavy line, extending far to the 
right and left, up toward the belt of wood wliere the enemy's 
mounted vedettes were distinctly seen. General, staff, and regi- 
mental officers rode hither and thither. Corps, division, and 
brigade flags were in sight. Long lines of infantry, with flashing 
arms and waving standards, were coming up by the flank or ad- 
vancing in battle front. Cavalry, with rattling sabers and flutter- 
ing etimp colors, clattered along the road, and the brilliant 
guidons of the artillery — still far to the rear — signaled the 
approach of the rumbling batteries." 

The skirmishers were quickly engaged, and it was soon plain 
from the heavy firing that the works were strongly held. We 
pushed our way close to them under a heavy musketry and 
artillery fire. A brigade of the Second Division, reenforced by 
the Tenth Connecticut, was beaten back, and, a movement of ours 



THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 279 

failing, we finally fell back and retreated to our works, reaching 
our camp about dark. 

One who was present describes our retreat. It is a companion 
piece to tbe story of the advance as told by Chaplain Trumbull : 

" Our position was in the woods. Adjutant Fox passed quietly 
along the line, informing the company commanders that we would 
fall back in a few moments, at the same time requesting that any 
who might not be able to keej) up, if we were pressed to a run, be 
sent to the rear at once. A few slightly wounded, who had 
hitherto refused to leave tbe ranks, were sent away without 
attracting the attention of their comrades, and very sbortly the 
retreat began. As we cleared the woods our batteries of artillery, 
which had been planted on slightly elevated ground in rear of the 
plain, belched forth their fiery breath with an almost continuous 
roar, sending their shrieking shells just over our heads and into 
the woods we had left. The briskly marching lines, the flash 
and roar of the guns, the bursting shells, the lengthening shad- 
ows formed by the rays of the declining sun, was a scene beyond 
description ; but it was but for a moment, for ere we reached the 
batteries they limbered and were on their way to camp." 

A sad incident of the day was the death of Major Camp, of the 
Tenth Connecticut, who was killed while personally leading his 
regiment in a charge they made with the brigade they reenforced. 
His noble qualities, both as a soldier and a man, have been truly 
and graphically depicted by his closest friend, Cbaplain Trum- 
bull, in a biographical volume, "^ The Knightly Soldier," from 
which work we have freely quoted. 

The casualties for the day in the Eleventh were as follows : 

Company A. — Killed, Corporal Erastus J. Mansur. Wounded, 
Privates John A. Brackett, Joseph L. Bailey, Asa S. Mclntire, 
Peter Neddo. 

Company B. — Killed, Private Melville G. Nye. 

Company C. — Wounded, Sergeant Edwin J. Miller. 

Company D. — Wounded, Private Daniel W. Woodbury. 

Company F. — Wounded, Privates John F. Arnold, William H. 
Doughty. 

Company G. — Wounded, First Sergeant George Payne ; Private 
Joseph Currier. 

Company K. — Wounded, Private Luther Brown. 

Killed, 2; wounded, 11 — total, 13. 



280 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

We resumed camp life, and the weather becoming cold and 
stormy our men began to build log houses, it seeming more than 
likel}^ that we would camp here during the winter. 

On the 18th of October General Birney died at his home in 
Philadelphia. He was a brave and active officer, whose name 
was identified with the operations of the Army of the Potomac 
from the siege of Yorktown. He was a division commander of 
the Second Corps under Hancock, and after that officer retired 
by reason of wounds, commanded that corps. He was then given 
the command of our corps, and the active operations we were 
engaged in after his assumption of command showed the estima- 
tion in which he was held by General Grant. But the hardships 
of the campaign had enfeebled him, and, attacked by sickness, he 
died in the height of his fame. 

On the 20th of October a salute was fired by all our batteries in 
honor of Sheridan's great victory over Early at Cedar Creek, 
Virginia. On the 22d of October Private Lorenzo D. Stewart, of 
Company K, was mortally wounded on the picket line. 

In the latter part of October, Grant pushed a strong force from 
the left towards the South Side Eaih-oad. In connection with the 
movement we made one on the right. Moving out at daylight of 
the 27th of October, we drove the enemy's pickets in on the Dar- 
bytown and the Charles City roads, and moved forward to threaten 
their works without intending to assault them. While we were 
maneuvering before the works, General Weitzel, in command of 
the Eighteenth Corps, was moving with that corps to turn the 
Confederate left flank by pushing through White Oak Swamp 
and taking possession of the unoccupied rebel works on the 
Williamsburg and New Bridge roads ; then was to move on 
Eichmond. But General Longstreet, now in command of the 
Confederate forces on the north side of the James, anticipated 
the movement so effectually that Weitzel found the supposed-to-be 
unoccupied works so thoroughly occupied as to make his attack 
on them a complete failure, with a heavy loss in both men and 
colors, each of his two attacking brigades losing three colors. 
About the hour of the afternoon that Weitzel met with this 
defeat, we were ordered to press our demonstrations and, if pos- 
sible, to carry the works. Tiie attempts made to carry out this 
order were unsuccessful. We had to remain on the ground that 
rainy night to cover the retreat of Weitzel's men, who wearily 



THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 281 

plodded back through the mud and darkness, not reaching a safe 
position in our rear until early morning. We then moved back 
into our own works. 

Our losses, October 37th, were as follows : 

Company C. — Wounded, Private Seth A. Billington. 

Company G. — Prisoner, Private George Harmon. 

Wounded, 1 ; prisoner, 1 — total, 2. 

On the 29th of October our cavalry pickets were driven in from 
their position of observation on Johnson's plantation, the position 
that Kautz was driven from on the 7th of the month. Anticipating 
an attack of the same sort as the one we then repelled, our division 
moved out across the intervening swamp in which Kautz left his 
guns in the affair of the 7th. Eeaching a position on the other 
side, we formed a strong skirmish line and charged the captured 
picket works, the enemy running from them as we neared them. 

Our losses, October 29th, were as follows : 

Company D. — Wounded, Sergeant Robert Brady, Jr. 

Company K. — Wounded, First Sergeant Henry H. Davis ; Pri- 
vate Levi Pooler. 

Wounded, 3. 

The regiment had now served the three years it was originally 
mustered in for, and the remaining members of the original 
organization who had not reenlisted prepared for their departure 
for Maine. On the morning of November 2d they marched away, 
under command of Colonel Plaisted, to go to Augusta, where 
they would be paid off and disbanded. The last we heard of our 
old friends was that they marched beautifully that day, although 
the mud was deep and the roads badly rutted ; so well did they 
march, that Colonel Plaisted told them they had never done 
better in their military lives, and, as he jocularly put it, it was 
the first march during which not one of his command fell out. 
You see, they were marching in the right direction. 

The following order was issued by Colonel Plaisted on his 
departure for Maine with the original members of the regiment : 

Headquarters, 3d Brig., 1st Div., 10th A. C, 

Before Richmond, Va., November 1, 1864. 

General Orders No. 30. 

The Colonel commanding cannot take leave of this command, 
even temporarily, without giving expression of his respect and 



282 THE STORY' OF ONE REGIMENT. 

admiration for the brave men whom it has been his good fortune 
to command. 

While life shall last he will remember with pride and extreme 
satisfaction the brave deeds and heroic conduct of the men of the 
Third Brigade. The Army of the United States cannot boast of 
your superiors, and, in his humble opinion, you stand unrivaled 
by any troops who have fought in the Army of the James. Your 
name and fame are familiar as household words in the camps of 
this army corps and among your fellow-citizens at home. Your 
iron will and firmness have won for yourselves the proud title of 
''The Ironclads." 

Since this campaign commenced you have participated in more 
than twenty actions, besides skirmishes almost without number. 
You have never failed to accomplish what was set down for you 
to do, and your conduct has always called forth the praises of 
your commanding officers. It has never occasioned them a single 
regret. That cowardly cry, " AVe are flanked ! " has never been 
heard in your ranks. When other troops have given way on your 
right or your left, you have shown to the enemy that you had no 
flanks and no rear — that the Third Brigade were all front, and 
that, too, of steel. How well that front has been maintained in 
this campaign, the long list of your casualties — 1,385 out of 2,693 
— sadly but gloriously attest. 

Fellow-soldiers, of your history it may indeed be said : " The 
past at least is secure." You have won a noble distinction in a 
noble army, fighting for a noble cause. That your future will be 
equally successful and brilliant, your conduct in the past leaves 
no room for doubt. Your brave deeds will be remembered in 
your country's history and be the proud boast of your descend- 
ants. 

In conclusion, the Colonel commanding desires to repeat, for 
your encouragement, the language of Washington to his brave 
troops, who had won for us the cause we are now contending to 
maintain. *' Let me remind you," said he, " you, the private 
soldiers, of the dignified part you have performed in this great 
struggle. For happy — thrice happy — will he be accounted here- 
after who has contributed, though in the least degree, to the 
establishment of this gigantic Eepublic on the broad basis of 
human freedom and empire." Immortal honors will belong to 
you as saviors of the Eepublic, no less than to our Fathers, as 
founders of it. 

By order of Col. H. M. Plaisted, 
nth Me. Vols., Commanding Brigade. 

(Signed,) Frank Hawkins, 

Capt. and A. A. A. General. 

The regiment was now in command of Lieutenant Maxfield. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Hill and Major Baldwin had not yet recovered 



THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 283 

from their wounds. Most of the surviving line oflBcers had gone 
home, to be mustered out. Lieutenant Maxfield mustered with the 
colors the few remaining reeulisted men, a small body of the men 
of '62, and of the men of '63 and '64, and had the promise that 
a sufficient number of recruits were on their way from Maine to 
keep the regiment in the field. By the coming of these recruits 
the regiment was enabled to keep its individuality to the end, 
avoiding consolidation with other regiments. 

Before the arrival of these recruits the regiment, or battalion, 
was ordered north. The morning after their comrades left for 
Maine, the Eleventh, in company with the Tenth Connecticut, 
marched to Deep Bottom, and sailed from there to Fortress 
Monroe, where a provisional division was forming to proceed to 
New York City for the purpose of keeping the peace there during 
the pending presidential election. This division consisted of the 
Eleventh Maine, the Sixth, Seventh, and Tenth Connecticut 
Regiments, the Tiiird and Seventh New Hampshire, the Thir- 
teenth Indiana, One Hundred aud Twelfth New York, Battery 
M of the First United States Artillery, and other troops, and was 
under the command of General Hawley. It sailed from Fortress 
Monroe on the -ith of November, the Eleventh on the steamer 
General Lyon, with the One Hundred and Twelfth New York 
and the Sixth and Tenth Connecticut. 

Arriving in New York Harbor the morning of the 6tli of No- 
vember, on the morning of the 7th the troops landed at Fort Rich- 
mond, on Staten Island, and at night went on board steamers 
which conveyed them to points along the river front of New 
York City. The Eleventh Maine, Third New Hampshire, Thir- 
teenth Indiana, and One Hundred and Twelfth New York Regi- 
ments, and Battery M of the First U. S. Artiller}-, went on board 
the ferryboat Westfield and proceeded to Pier 42, North River. 
The force lay there through the 8th (election day), the 9th, and 
10th, and until the 11th, when, the authorities becoming satisfied 
that the knowledge of the short, sharp fate rioting mobs would 
meet with at the hands of the grim veterans posted along the 
river front had secured a peaceful election, the force returned to 
Fort Richmond, and after a couple of days spent in this strong- 
hold embarked on the 14th (the Eleventh on the steamer North 
Point), and put to sea that night. Major Baldwin rejoined the 
regiment on November 11th. 



284 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Arriving at Fortress Monroe, the provisional division formation 
was discontinued and the regiments proceeded each to its own 
camp ground, the Eleventh reaching its camp ground on Chapin's 
Farm the 17th of November. In its camp, in charge of the 
guard left to care for the regimental baggage, the regiment found 
two hundred and one recruits to be distributed through its skele- 
ton companies. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Hill returned from hospital, November 22d, 
and took command of the regiment, relieving Major Baldwin. 

The eventful campaign of 1864 was now at an end, and the 
regiment, going into winter quarters, began and perfected the 
reorganization that enabled it to take the field in the spring of 
1865, strong in numbers and perfect in discipline. 

The losses of the regiment in battle in the campaign of 1864 
were as follows : 

Killed, 44 ; wounded, 260 ; prisoners, 18 — total, 322. 

We had lost many by disease, and some had been discharged for 
disabilities other than wounds. We had also lost through dis- 
charges, by expiration of term of service, 11 officers and 131 enlisted 
men. We had gained 204 recruits. 

The strength of the regiment, shown by the following return 
for the month of November, was as follows : Present for duty — 
Officers, 11 ; enlisted men, 399. Absent from all causes — Officers, 
10 ; enlisted men, 271. Total on the rolls — Officers, 21 ; enlisted 
men, 670. 

Total, 691. 



CHAPTER XXVII. 

IN WINTER QUARTERS. 

The Opposing Liues — Changes in the Army of tlie James — The Twenty- 
fourth Corps — Its Badge — Changes in the Rank and File of tlie Regi- 
ment — Sergeant Blake's Story of Prison Life — Changes in the Field, 
Staff, and Line of the Regiment — General Plaisted's Farewell Order. 

The Armies of the Potomac and of the James were now in 
winter quarters. The opposing lines stretched from north of our 
camp at Chapin's Farm to south of Hatcher's Run. The Con- 
federate intrenchments, the course of which our intrenched lines 
followed as nearly as was possible, extended from White Oak 
Swamp, on their left, to Hatchers Run on their right, a distance 
of thirty-seven miles. Eight miles of this line was north of the 
James, five was on the Bermuda Hundred front, and sixteen on the 
Petersburg line. These lines were all held by infantry. The space 
between Chapin's Bluff and Bermuda Hundred, four miles, was 
held by heavy artillery, and that along the Appomattox River, 
running from Bermuda Hundred to the left of the Petersburg 
intrenchments, another four miles, Avas_ held by batteries of artil- 
lery. 

This long Confederate line was known to be but thinly manned, 
and the Confederate army was known to be but poorly supplied 
and scantily recruited. And it was constantly dwindling, through 
deaths and desertions, while our well-appointed and plentifully 
supplied armies were daily growing in numbers by conscription, 
and by the enlisting of the host of adventurous spirits that flocked 
to America from all parts of the world, led on by a thirst for gold 
and glory. And not only the gold and the glory were with the 
North, but our strict blockade of Southern ports did not allow 
these adventurers a choice of sides. It was with confidence, then, 
that we looked forward to the campaign of the coming spring, 
feeling, from commanding general to high private, that we would 
then break through the opposing lines, and at last win our way 
into the stubbornly defended city of Richmond. 

Many changes took place in the divisions of the Army of the 
James this winter. The Twenty-fourth Corps was organized from 



286 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

the white troops of tlie Tenth and Eighteenth Corps. General Ord 
was the first commander of the new corps, but he became com- 
mander of the Army of the James, and the command of the 
Twenty-fourth Corps was given to General John Gibbon, who 
had been leading a division of the Second Corps. The Twenty- 
fifth Corps was formed of the colored troops of the Eighteenth and 
the Ninth Corps. General Godfrey Weitzel was given command 
of this corps. The Tenth and Eighteenth Corps were thus dis- 
organized. 

In January our old commander, General Terry, was detached 
from the Army of the James, with Ames's division and Abbott's 
brigade of the Twenty-fourth Corps, and Paine's division of the 
Twenty-fifth Corps, eight thousand infantry in all. These troops 
were sent in transports to take part in the attack on Fort Fisher. 
How well they did their duty is a matter of history, and it is a 
source of pride to us that their achievement is part of the history 
of the Army of the James. They did not rejoin us after the fall 
of Fort Fisher, but operated in North Carolina under General 
Schofield, subsequently joining Sherman's army with Schofield's 
command when Sherman passed into North Carolina on his march 
from Atlanta. 

A Tenth Corps was subsequently organized out of Terry^s 
troops, partly as a compliment to that popular officer. But this 
was in the last days of March, and it was disbanded almost as 
soon as formed. 

The final arrangement of the Twenty-fourth Corps was as 

follows : 

Corps Commander. 

Major-General John Gibbon. 

First Division. 

Briffadier-General Eobert S. Foster. 

First Brigade, Colonel Thomas 0. Osborn. 

Third Brigade, Colonel George B. Dandy. 

Fourth Brigade, Colonel Harrison S. Fairchild. 

Third Division. 
Brigadier-General Charles Devens. 
First Brigade, Colonel Edward H. Ribley. 
Second Brigade, Colonel M. T. Donohue. 
Third Brigade, Colonel Samuel H. Eoberts. 



IN WINTER QUARTERS. 287 

Independent Division. 
Brigadier-General John W. Turner. 
First Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Potter. 
Second Brigade, Colonel W. B, Curtis. 
Third Brigade, Colonel Thomas M. Harris. 

It will be seen that the second division of our corps, the division 
commanded by General Ames, and the second brigade of our divi- 
sion (Abbott's) were absent. As has been stated, they were with 
General Terry in North Carolina. 

The badge adopted for the corps by General Gibbon was a heart. 
In the order promulgating it he said : ''The symbol selected tes- 
tifies our affectionate regard for all our brave comrades alike, the 
living and the dead, and our devotion to our sacred cause." 

Our brigade was composed of the Tenth Connecticut, Colonel 
Otis ; One Hundredth New York, Colonel George B. Dandy ; 
Eleventh Maine, Colonel Jonathan A. Hill ; and the Two Hun- 
dred and Sixth Pennsylvania, Colonel Hugh Brady. The last- 
named regiment was one of recent formation. 

The changes in our regiment were numerous. The mustering out 
of those of the " original members " who had not reenlisted had 
withdrawn a large number of brave and thoroughly trained soldiers 
from us. Then, of the reenlisted veterans an extraordinary pro- 
portion had been killed and permanently disabled in the campaign 
of 1864, so that our regiment now depended largely for its trained 
soldiers on the additions of 1862, 1863, and 1864. The only 
entirely veteran organization remaining with us was Company B, 
which joined in 1862. Company I was almost a new organization, 
the Captain, Second Lieutenant, and about two-thirds of the 
enlisted men of the eighth unassigned company, organized in 
Maine in the winter of 1864, having been assigned to it. 

Among our permanent losses were those of our men taken pris- 
oner during the late campaign. Few of these returned to us, the 
hardships and cruelties of their prison life, especially when con- 
fined in Andersonville, entirely unfitting them for further service 
in the field. The story of life in Southern prisons has been told 
many times, and all its horrors are well known ; yet it may be that 
the story of Sergeant Gardiner E. Blake, of Company D, who was 
taken prisoner, with others, at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 
1864, contains enough that is new to make it interesting to many. 



288 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

If he seems to have received more consideration from the Confed- 
erate authorities than did so many others, his rank as Sergeant 
may have served him somewhat ; then he was a man of the world, 
having followed the sea for many years, attaining the rank of 
Caj^tain of a vessel, so knew better than most of his fellow-prison- 
ers how to gain and keep the ear of authority. Then, too, he 
belonged to a mighty brotherhood, members of which are found in 
all lands and in all conditions, on thrones and in hovels, in 
church and camp, in field and prison. This is his story : 

''Just after daybreak of June 2, 1864, the rebels advanced on 
our lines at Bermuda Hundred, Va. Company D was stationed 
at Warebottom Church, and held its position until flanked, when 
we fell back to our reserve pits, where Company H was stationed. 
There we fought until we were flanked again. In falling back, 
Cai)tain Mudgett, Privates Martin V. Bryant and Lawrence 
Kelley, and myself, all of Company D, were cut off and obliged to 
surrender. Private Sumner M. Bolton was also captured, but was 
left behind, as he was badly wounded near the eye. We, the four 
first-named, were marched to Petersburg that day, and taken be- 
fore the Provost-Marshal of that city. Our valuables were now 
taken from us. They took $130, three silver watches, and a jack- 
knife from me. That night we received a little boiled rice for our 
supper. The next day we were put aboard the cars, and sent to 
Charleston, S. C, where we were put in the city jail, wliicli was 
under the fire of our guns on Morris Island. We were given three 
cakes of hard bread while on our way to Charleston. We now had 
some cooked rice given us, and about noon we received five large 
crackers, and were told that was two days' rations. The same day 
we were taken to the cars, and sent to Savannah, Ga. We stopped 
there about two hours, and then left for Macon, Ga., where Cap- 
tain Mudgett was left. We then proceeded to Andcrsonville, 
where we were put into the prison stockade, with no shelter. 
This was about the 7tli of June. Our ration for twenty-four 
hours was at that time one pint and a half of coarse corn-meal, of 
which we made a gruel. 

" I had not been there but a few days when I heard the report 
of a rifle, and heard a man yell at the top of his voice. On look- 
ing around, I found that a rebel guard had shot a prisoner for 
getting over the 'dead line.' That was the first I knew of tlie 
dead line. Afterwards I found that it was a very common thing 



IN WINTER QUARTERS. 289 

for a prisoner to cross the dead line, through ignorance, and get 
shot by the guard. The assassin would get a thirty days' furlough 
for his bravery ! 

" The result of our corn-meal diet was a chronic disease of the 
bowels, and scurvy, from which hundreds died. About the 1st 
of July the death-rate increased to twice the usual number, and 
we thought the rebels were putting jjoison into the meal. About 
this time there came a report that some prisoners were robbing^ 
others of their rations. We chose some men to act as detectives, 
aud found the charge to be true. AVe then entered a complaint 
to Captain Wirtz, the keeper of the prison. He told us to punish 
the thieves. "We then chose twelve of the older prisoners as jury- 
men, and took the thieves outside the prison by consent of Cap- 
tain Wirtz, and had them tried. They were found guilty. Six 
were sentenced to be hung on a gallows in the prison, and one to 
wear a twenty-four-pound ball and chain during his time of im- 
prisonment, and on the 11th day of July we hung the six con- 
demned men upon one gallows, and, I must say, it was the worst 
sight of my life. 

"Not many days after this there came up a very heavy thunder- 
storm that washed away jiart of the stockade. Some of the 
prisoners got some of the pieces, aud buried them in the sand for 
wood to burn. For this Captain Wirtz gave out no rations for 
forty-eight hours, causing many deaths. About the last of July 
the rebel quartermaster and a Confederate doctor visited the 
prison in search of tunnels, as some of the prisoners had been 
tunneling out, but had made their escape only to be captured 
again by the aid of bloodhounds. I spoke to this doctor and told 
him my condition, scurvy and chronic disease of the bowels. I 
asked him to take me outside of the prison and let me see if I 
could not find some relief. He took compassion on me and took 
me outside and talked with me, and at last took me before Captain 
Wirtz and had me paroled. On entering Wirtz's tent the doctoi- 
told him that he had brought a prisoner, and wanted him to 
administer the oath of parole. Finally Wirtz consented, and 
said : 'Yank, take off your cap, and hold up your right hand.' 
Of course I obeyed. Then he said: ' You swear that you will not 
go beyond your pass, nor have any talk with the negroes, nor 
anything to do with our soldiers, so help you God.' I said, '^I 
do.' He then put a forefinger close to my nose, and said : ' You 
19 



290 THE STOKY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

see that yon do, for if you do not I will put the hounds on your 
track, and catch you again ; and then I will put a ball and chain 

around your G — d d d neck.' After this the doctor took me 

near his tent, aud showed me a tent that I might use, and told 
me that about four o'clock I would see the supply team coming, 
and I must tell the driver that the doctor told me to get of him 
what fresli meat I thought I could eat raw. In this way I got all 
the fresh beef that I could eat, and took it to my tent and ate it 
raw, and lived on raw beef for a number of days to the lessening of 
my scurvy. About three days later I saw a rebel carpenter at 
work near by. I made my way to him, and showed him my legs, 
which were swelled to twice their natural size. 'This is scurvy,' 
I said. ' Can you get me a few potatoes to eat raw, for I am told 
that raw potatoes are good for the scurvy.' He told me that he 
would, but I must not let anyone know of it. The next morning 
he brought me what potatoes he could put in his coat pockets, 
and did so a number of times. The potatoes, together with the 
raw beef, helped me much. 

''About the last of August I heard a great noise in the prison, 
and on going to learn the cause, I saw the prisoners leaving by 
hundreds. I was told there was to be a parole. I went to the 
doctor and told him I wanted to go with them. He said I had 
better stop where I was ; but I would not, as I thought there was 
to be a parole, and so I went with the rest to the depot and got 
on board the cars. They were box cars, without seats. We were 
on the cars five days and nights, and then we arrived at Charles- 
ton, S. C, and were placed upon the race-course, with a guard 
over us, and a number of artillery pieces around us. We left a 
number of dead in the cars, as many were too weak to stand the 
ride. We now lived on corn-bread. The race-course was two 
miles north of Charleston. From here we had the pleasure of 
hearing our guns on Morris Island. 

"' We remained on the race-course about three weeks, after 
"which we were put upon the cars again and sent to Florence, S. C, 
which is one hundred miles north of Charleston. On arriving, 
we saw another place very much like Andersonville prison ready 
to receive us. This was some time in September. My clothing 
had begun to fail me about this time. My shirt was about gone, 
for the lice at Andersonville had eaten it nearly up ; they were 
very plenty among us. My stockings were all gone, and, of 



IN WINTER QUARTERS. 291 

course, what little clothing I had was very dirty and fast going, 
with no prospect of getting any more. 

" We will now call it October. After being here ten or fifteen 
days, I saw a rebel lieutenant in prison looking for a man that 
was handy with a knife, for he wanted a valise made of thin 
boards. I told him I could do the job, and he furnished me with 
a knife and some thin boards, and I soon had him a valise made, 
covering the box with a rubber blanket. When he called for it, 
I asked him if he could get me paroled outside of the prison, as I 
was not very well. He said he would see what he could do, and 
let me know in a few days. He came to me in a day or two and 
took me outside of the prison and talked with me, and then took 
me to the Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Georgia Regiment. 
He gave me permission to stop outside the prison by day, but I 
must go in at night. I was made happy then, for I knew that I 
could now get more to eat. 

" I did not go but a short distance from prison for a number of 
days. At last I went over to the camp of a Confederate regiment, 
made up of boys and old men. They had gray suits, but no 
bright buttons. They wanted to buy the buttons on my blouse. 
I said, 'What will you give me for the four buttons?" One 
young man said he would give me two long plugs of tobacco. I 
took his knife, cut them off, and gave them to him for the to- 
bacco, and made me a wooden pin to pin my blouse together. I 
went back to the prison and sought out Private Martin V. Bryant, 
and told him what I had done. 'Now,' said I, 'you take this 
tobacco, cut it in small pieces, and put it in a haversack, and go 
about the prison aud give one piece of the tobacco for a button.' 
He did so, and came back with two or three pints of buttons. 
The next day I took about one pint of the buttons, and went to 
the old men's regiment, and sold the buttons for tobacco, beans, 
red peppers, and fifty or sixty dollars in Confederate money. I 
returned to Bryant, and he now set up a "sutler's shop in prison, 
and exchanged my goods for buttons, or anything he could trade 
for. One day, on my arrival in prison, Bryant told me he knew 
where he could buy a pair of shoes for fifteen dollars if I would 
let him have the money, as he had now been barefooted for six 
weeks. He got the shoes. They were worth about twenty-five 
cents in greenbacks. I paid $45 in Confederate money for a 
Tery old cavalry overcoat, and that covered most of my rags. 



292 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

" One day a rebel lieutenant, by the name of Barrot, came into 
prison and fired bis revolyer two or three times to show us his 
great courage. I do not know of his doing any harm by firing 
his revolver, but he was as bad a man as Captain Wirtz, and 
ought to have been hung on the same gallows. 

" About the last of October the rebel officers told me that they 
•would have some buildings put up for the sick if I would take 
some of the prisoners and have the material brought to the prison, 
but that I must be responsible that none of my men ran away. 
They said they would give them an extra ration to do the work. 
I soon had twenty men at work getting logs and poles, and in two 
or three weeks we had some buildings up, sheltering the sick and 
dying. We were treated much better at this prison than we had 
been at any other place in the Confederacy ; still, there were ter- 
rible sights. The dead were all taken from the prison every 
morning, placed on a mule team, and hauled away to their place 
of burial packed on the wagon, one man atop of another, just 
like so many dead hogs. They were buried side by side, coffin- 
less, in a trench dug wide enough to place them in crosswise. 

" The middle of November came, and the weather was growing 
colder each day. I began to feel uneasy, fearing we must stop 
with the rebels all winter. I got leave of the officers in charge to 
let me build a log house about eight by ten feet to live in outside 
of the prison. I got that built and got a prisoner to live with 
me, when there came word that there was to be a parole, and we 
were to go home once more. All was excitement, and soon we 
were paroled and put on board the cars and sent to Savannah, 
where steamers lay waiting for us. We received new clothes on 
board the steamer, and plenty to eat, and in a few days we 
landed at Annapolis, where we got a furlough for thirty days to 
go to our homes. All of Company D captured at this time sur- 
vived their imprisonment, except Private Lawrence Kelley, who 
died in Andersonville prison." 

The changes in the personnel of the field, staff, and line of the 
Eleventh were as marked as those in the rank and file. Colonel 
Plaisted resigned during the winter, soon after receiving his star. 
He had commanded the brigade for many months, almost continu- 
ously since it was organized at Gloucester Point in April, 1864. 
His services to the regiment had been very great, both as an 
organizer and a disciplinarian, in both of which qualifications he 



IN WINTER QUARTERS. 293 

excelled. And then his influence and reputation in Maine were 
such that his recruiting officers had little difficulty in bringing a 
sufficient number of recruits to his colors to keep his companies 
well manned, and at no time, under his skillful maiuigement, was 
there any foreboding of consolidation with other commands. 
Thanks to Colonel Plaisted, the Eleventh Maine kept its own 
organization to the end, and its history is unclouded by the 
necessity of mingling with it that of any other military organiza- 
tion. 

The following farewell address was issued by General Plaisted 
to his brigade : 

Headquarters, 3d Brig., 1st Div., 34tii A. C, 

Army of the James, 

Before Richmond, Va., 3Iarch 25, 1865. 

To the Officers and Soldiers of the Third Brigade 
{llth Me., 10th Conn., 2Uh Mass., 100th N. Y., 206th Fa.). 

At last. Soldiers, it becomes my duty to say farewell ! That 
word may sometimes be spoken and not carry with it the heart's 
regret, but not by him who has for years shared the pleasant com- 
pnnionship of soldiers. 

That companionship with you I have shared in a campaign 
which will be celebrated even in the world's history — celebrated 
for the brave deeds and manly virtues of a patriot army contend- 
ing for Government, Freedom, and Empire — yes. Soldiers, with 
you! 

I will not rehearse your history in that campaign. Suffice it to 
say, the record shows you engaged your country's foes, and had, 
killed and wounded, some of your number on fifty-nine different 
days ! — that your losses, in the aggregate, were 1,385 out of 
2,693 ! — and that among the names of the battlefields adjudged 
to belong to your banners are : " Walthall Junction " or " Green 
Valley,"'"" Chester Station," "Drury's Bluff," "Richmond Pike," 
" Bermuda Hundred," " Richmond and Petersburg Railroad," 
" Warebottom Church," "Strawberry Plains," " Deep Bottom," 
" Deep Run," " Fussell's Mills," " Siege of Petersburg," " New- 
market Heights," "Newmarket Road," " Darbytown Road," 
" Charles City Road," " Johnson's Plantation." Be proud of your 
record. Veterans ; you have a right to be. 

Should your country need your services in the field again, not 
only your past conduct, but your present unsurpassed excellence 
in drill and discipline, furnish the surest guaranty that your 
future will be even more brilliant than the past. Reviewed by 
the Lieutenant-General and the Secretary of War a few days 
since, your soldierly appearance won from those high officials the 



294 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

strongest expressions of their approbation and delight. What 
would they have thought had they seen jou fight ! 

The respect and confidence of such troops, after such service, 
is honor enough. It is a sufficient reward for the best efforts — 
the endeavors of a lifetime. I am indebted to you, Comrades. 
Your conduct has afforded me the keenest pleasure of my life, 
and, while life shall last, memory will constantly recur to the 
conduct of the " Iron Brigade " with as much pride and gratitude 
as the heart is capable of. 

I heartily congratulate you upon the prospect of early peace. 
In the opinion of our greatest general, the " hard fighting is 
over." May the day come quickly when you can return to your 
homes, to resume your j^eaceful pursuits and to receive the honors 
which belong to our country's defenders. Then will you, in your 
civil life, vindicate the high character of the army, by aiding to 
restore and preserve the public morals, and by proving to your 
fellow-citizens that in learning to become good soldiers you have 
become the best of citizens. For your generous confidence and 
support. Soldiers, you have the grateful thanks of your late 
Brigade Commander, and his best wishes for your future welfare 
and happiness. Farewell ! 

To the Eleventh Maine, my old Companions, farewell ! 

(Signed,) H. M. Plaisted, 

Colojiel 11th Maine Volunteers and 
Brevet Brigadier- General. 



CHAPTEK XXVIII. 

LAST DAYS ON THE NORTH SIDE. 

Colonel Dandy the Brigade Commander — Hill and Baldwin Promoted — 
The Fame of Hill — Henry O. Fox and Otlier Adjutants — Our Quarter- 
masters — Our Surgeons — Our Chaplains — The Non-commissioned 
Staff— The New Line Officers— The New IMen— Our Camp— A Cold 
Winter — Pickets and their Whiskey Ration — Reviewed by General 
Grant and Secretary Stanton — Reviewed by President Lincoln — 
^[arching Orders — To tlie South Side Again — Organization of the 
Regiment. 

On the departure of General Plaisted the command of the 
brigade devolved upon Colonel Dandy, of the One Hundredth 
New York. Lieutenant-Colonel Hill now received his commission 
as Colonel, and we were all highly pleased at his promotion ; for 
from the day in June, 1864, on which Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford 
was mortally wounded, and called him, then Captain Hill, to his 
side, and passed over to him the command of the regiment. 
Colonel Hill commanded it in nearly all its movements until he 
lost his right arm at the Battle of Deep Eun. And he led his 
men with such skill and bravery that his promotions were felt 
to be well earned. Not only was he thought highly of by his 
own men, but throughout the corps ; and even now, whenever the 
Eleventh Maine is spoken of by survivors of the Old Tenth and 
Twenty-fourth Corps, the name of Hill is not forgotten. 

One day, a very few years ago, the writer stepped into a drug 
store in the city of Brooklyn, and while waiting for his prescrip- 
tion to be filled overheard a stout, gray-mustached gentleman 
giving a group of friends a portion of his war experience. H& 
spoke of " General Hill," and in high praise. Ah ! thought I, a 
Confederate veteran, and I called to mind Generals D. H. and 
A. P. Hill, of that service. But when he said, " General Hill 
was one of the bravest men in the army, and commanded one of 
the best regiments that went out of the old State of Maine," I 
knew of whom he was talking, and promptly made my way to the 
front. Then, introducing myself, I learned that our friend was 
Dr. Carter, once surgeon of the One Hundredth New York. 



296 THE STOllY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

The promotion of Colonel Hill gave Major Baldwin a step up, and 
he became Lieutenant-Colonel. And his promotion was a well- 
earned one, too. Colonel Baldwin was a brave and skillful officer, 
one whom the men followed with a confidence second, only to that 
with which they followed Colonel Hill. And Baldwin, too, was 
grievously wounded in the August week of 186-i that cost us so 
dearly. Like Hill, he followed the example of brave old Spofford, 
and, while keeping his men closely to cover whenever possible, 
himself stood boldly forth, a shining mark for sharpshooters, these 
officers holding that it was their duty to expose themselves in 
order that they might keep watch of the movements of the enemy. 
This temerity cost Spofford his life, Hill his right arm, and Bald- 
win wounds from which he has never fully recovered. 

These promotions resulted in that of Captain Henry C. Adams, 
of Company G, to the rank of Major, although he did not receive 
his commission until after Lee surrendered. Major Adams had. 
served as Commissary Sergeant, Sergeant- Major, and Quarter- 
master, and was on General Butler's staff during the campaign 
of 1864, returning to the regiment in the early winter, to be 
mustered as Captain. 

The changes in the stafE were marked ones. Adjutant Henry 
O. Fox, who had served as adjutant since the fall of 1862, 
resigned his commission to take service in a regiment raised to act 
against the hostile Indians on the Western plains. He had suc- 
ceeded Adjutant Hume, who succeeded Adjutant Penuell, tiie 
•^'original " Adjutant. Adjutant Fox became a favorite officer from 
the beginning. Tall, slender, of soldierly bearing, with bright, 
dark eyes, a smiling mouth, and a clear resonant voice, he was the 
beau-ideal of an adjutant. He was succeeded by Lieutenant 
Hanscom, a new comer, who joined the regiment with the Eighth 
unassigncd, now "new'' Company I. Adjutant Hanscom served 
us faithfully until the year for which he entered service had 
expired. 

While noting changes in the Field and Staff, perhaps it will be 
well to mention such officers as were connected with them at one 
time and another, and whose names, except perhaps incidentally, 
have not appeared in this story. 

Lieutenant Ivory J. Robinson, our first Quartermaster, was one 
of these. He was taken ill soon after we landed on the Peninsula, 
and started for home on sick leave. He died on the journey. 



LAST DAYS ON THE NORTH SIDE. 297 

"Wagonmaster John Ham succeeded Lieutenant Robinson as 
Quartermaster. Ham was most remarkable for being addicted to 
wearing civilian clothes, and for nearly always having an uulighted 
cigar between his lips. " Who are you, sir? " sternly asked Gen- 
eral Emory, as Quartermaster Ham appeared before him at Bri- 
gade Headquarters at Yorktown in the fall of 1863. 

''I'm Quartermaster Ham, of the Eleventh Maine." 

"Go to your regiment, put on your uniform, then come here 
and make known your business," growled the old martinet. 

Quartermaster Ham was not the only officer having a liking for 
citizen's clothing. Old General Vodges dressed in such whenever 
he was off duty. 

''You can't pass here," said a sentry to him. 

"Bnt I'm General Vodges." 

" You can't play that on me," was the scornful answer. " Every 
d d old fool that comes around in citizen's clothes and a stove- 
pipe hat calls himself Vodges." 

Quartermaster Ham resigned in January, 1864. 

After temporary successors, Lieutenant Wm. H. H. Andrews 
became Quartermaster, serving until we were mustered out. Quar- 
termaster Andrews was a man of indomitable energy, caring only 
to get his loaded wagon train, with the belongings of his regiment, 
to the front on time. While he was quartermaster it was a rare 
thing for the regiment to have more than marched upon the ground 
selected for a bivouac, before the white canvas tops of his wagons 
rolled into sight. 

Succeeding Doctors Clark and Wilbur, our original Surgeons 
(they each served but a short time). Dr. Nathan F. Blunt became 
our regimental surgeon. A distinguished surgeon and an able 
physician, he rendered valuable services until June, 1865, when 
the state of his health made it imperative that he should retire 
from service. He was succeeded by Dr. Richard L. Cook, who 
had been serving under Dr. Blunt as Assistant Surgeon, succeed- 
ing Dr. John F. Bates, who died on the steamer Cahaivba. Dr. 
Cook was a competent surgeon and physician, and a most careful 
and painstaking officer. A kindly man, he was ever ready to loan 
his horse to a limping soldier, and so frequently was he called upon 
to do so, that in the campaigns of 1864 and 1865 the doctor 
marched almost as many miles on foot as any of us. 

But Assistant Surgeon "Woodman W. Royal was our pet doctor. 



298 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

With the gentlest of touches, he had the firmest of nerves, and 
would probe a wound or cut off a limb with almost an appearance 
of enjoying it. Then, his pleasant eccentricities of words and 
manner were the delight of all his friends and patients. But ma- 
lingerers got little mercy from him. When a soldier was brought 
to him at a field hospital by stretchermen, who said their burden 
seemed sunstruck, the busy doctor gave one look at the clouded 
sky, then raised his stout foot and smote tlie prostrate recreant, 
sending him and the stretcher rolling over and over, as he cried : 

" Sunstruck on a cloudy day, yon d d coward ! Go back and get 

killed, and then come here and I'll see what I can do for you." 

Our first Chaplain was the Rev. Caleb H. Ellis. He retired 
from service soon after the regiment entered upon the Peninsula 
campaign. He was succeeded by the Rev. James Wells, who 
remained in service until the close of the campaign of 18G4, 
Chaplain Wells was a true gentleman, and performed the some- 
times thankless duties of his office with tact and faithfulness. 
He found that the real work of a chaplain was in the hospitals. 
Here a chaplain is always welcomed ; and in comforting the 
dying, and ministering to the sick and wounded, reading to them 
and writing for tbem, he performs tender services that endear 
him to many hearts. In the performance of such duties Chaplain 
Wells won respect and friendship ; and if it is given those who 
have gone before to know of the coming of those left behind, 
when our good old friend passed over the river, he was doubtless 
tenderly welcomed on the other shore by the many comrades whose 
earthly eyes were closed for the last time by his pitying touch. 

The non-commissioned staff was entirely changed. The suc- 
cessors of Hume, Fox, Adams, Norris, Maxfield, and Morton 
were faithful men, but the war was too near an end to give them 
opportunities, so it would not be fair to judge their work by that 
of their predecessors, especially those of the Sergeant-Major's office. 
Indeed, it was given to but few men to perform the duties of 
sergeant-major in the minute and painstaking manner that, first, 
Sergeant-Major Maxfield, and then Sergeant-Major Morton, did. 
And the framework of this history, so far, is made up largely 
from the diaries of these two comrades — diaries in which the 
movements of the regiment and changes in its personnel were care- 
fully set down during the first three years of its service. Indeed, 
it is extremely doubtful if the history of the regiment could have 



LAST DAYS ON THE NORTH SIDE. 299 

been written with any degree of success had it not been for their 
diaries ; theirs and that of Captain Newcomb — all three agreeing 
perfectly from day to day, their unity proving their exactitude. 
Newcomb's ceased with the preceding May, the desperate wound he 
received on June 2d, preventing his further service. The onerous 
duties now devolving upon Captain Maxfield, with the reorganiza- 
tion of the regiment, caused him to give up keeping his diary, and 
Sergeant-Major Morton had gone home with the original men (he 
should have received a commission and remained as adjutant). 
We will miss their faithful chronicling while completing the 
remainder of the story of the Eleventh. 

The changes in the line and non-commissioned officers were 
marked ones. Many line officers returned home with the original 
members. The vacancies were largely filled from among the 
veteran sergeairts. This gave an opportunity to advance deserving 
corporals and privates, with the result that the framework of the 
regiment, the commissioned and non-commissioned officers, were 
composed almost entirely of trained veterans — of men quite com- 
petent to drill into soldierly bearing and to thoroughly discipline 
the raw material our ranks were now filled up with. 

This material, as has been already indicated, came from all 
parts of the world : Frenchmen with barely enough English to 
make their wants known, English cockneys, Germans, Irish, all 
nations. In Company A tliere was an Arab, a swarthy fellow with 
hardly a word of English at his command, but whose quick intel- 
ligence served him so well that he seemed to get along as well as 
any of his comrades. 

A story of one of these adventurers, a little Irish tailor, I remem- 
ber. It was regimental inspection. The inspecting officer looked 
him over in disgust, and, taking his gun, found it very dirty. He 
threw it back so viciously that it sent the ninth part of a soldier 
sprawling on his back, where he lay shrieking, '•' Murther," " Per- 
lace," the outcries he naturally gave vent to in his native alley 
when undergoing a familiar assault. 

Captain Maxfield tells a story of a recruit that fell to his com- 
pany. An utter incapable, he was placed beside a well-drilled 
soldier, and told to do just exactly what his comrade did, while 
the veteran was told to keep an eye on the man. At a regimental 
inspection, when this recruit threw up his gun, he did so awkwardly, 
failing to bring his hand to the height of his eye as provided by 



300 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

the tactics. ''Your hand to the height of your eye," whispered 
his mentor ; and the recruit lifted his hand to the proper height, 
at the same time letting the rifle slip through his hand until he 
was holding it by the muzzle, and so presented it to the astonished 
reviewing officer. 

But unpromising as this new infusion was considered, the 
stern yet judicious discipline they had to submit to at the hands 
of the experienced and inflexible officers they were now subject to 
made good soldiers of them, so good that in the closing campaign 
they played no inconspicuous part, marching with a tirelessness 
that spoke well for the long, hard drills that had hardened their 
muscles, and fighting with the fearlessness that was to be expected 
of such bold adventurers. Altogether, they were no mean substi- 
tutes for the men we had lost, and, thanks to them in part, the 
final record of the old regiment equals its best. 

The camps our troops occupied this winter were commodious 
and well arranged. The men built log houses, which they roofed 
with canvas. In these houses were small sheet-iron stoves. 
Bunks were arranged and boughs made soft beds, while empty 
hard-bread boxes served for cupboards, and all the meager oppor- 
tunities for comfort were made the most of. The officers' quarters 
were log houses, with fireplaces. The company cook-houses and 
the officers' mess-rooms were well fitted up, and everywhere there 
were signs of rude comfort ; and, with plenty to eat, and careful 
sanitary arrangements, both officers and men passed a healthful 
and comfortable winter. 

It was a very cold season for Virginia, making the outpost duty 
one of severity. But with great fires on the reserve line, and a 
frequent changing of the men on post, the suffering was reduced 
to a minimum, although there were cold, stormy nights that tried 
the fortitude of the pickets to the utmost. But when morning 
came and the relieved men reached camp, and were called to the 
hospital steward's quarters to receive a stout ration of whiskey 
before eating a plentiful breakfast, they forgot their sorrows, and 
many of them became even frisky. It was the duty of the ser- 
geant of the picket guard to stand by the steward while he was 
dealing out the rations and identify the men, to see that none 
came forward twice. But, in spite of all precautions, now and 
then some brazen fellow would swear his way to a second ration. 
And for a time thrifty ones, of temperate tastes, would carry their 



LAST DAYS ON THE NORTH SIDE. 301 

rations away to sell ; but after one or two scenes in the company 
streets had been traced to this illicit trade, each soldier Avas 
obliged to drink his ration at the surgery or go without it. Then 
the traders would fill their mouths, and get away to pour the 
unswallowed liquor into bottles. But they did not always escape. 
One morning one of these suspects was struck smartly on the 
back by the sergeant as he turned away, with the result that he 
swallowed his mouthful so hastily as to strangle until he was nearly 
black in the face. 

What with drills, reviews, and routine duty, the winter passed 
slowly away. During it, as stated in General Plaisted's farewell 
order, the corps was reviewed by Lieutenant-General Grant and 
the Secretary of War. Then, as the days lengthened, our division 
was reviewed by President Lincoln. And the day was a proud 
one for us. Every officer and man was on his mettle, and the 
review was a great success. It was an impressive scene, none the 
less so that it was not a show review, one held near a large city 
for the admiration of crowds of citizens, but was held in a great 
wood-surrounded field, and was witnessed only by the President 
and Mrs. Lincoln and their brilliant escort of officers. The 
President was on horseback, and Mrs. Lincoln rode in an open 
carriage. 

The President rode along our lines with the bands playing 
''Hail to the Chief," then to the revicTviug point, wiien our 
regiments wheeled into marching column and passed before him. 
Our own men were erect and steady, the officers alert, everyone 
conscious that it behooved him to do his best under the eye of his 
beloved Commander-in-Chief, and it did seem as if the old regi- 
ment never marched better. At the close the officers of "the 
Eleventh felt that their winter's work had been thoroughly done, 
and that the regiment would go into the field not only strong but 
well disciplined, and could be depended upon to uphold the 
reputation of the ''Old Eleventh." 

The vague rumors of impending movements that w'e had heard 
frequently soon became more and more sj^ecific. Sheridan had 
reached our armies, the roads were hardening to the necessities of 
artillery and wagon trains, the North was waxing impatient, and 
suddenly, on March 27th, an order came to strike camp, leave 
knapsacks and camp equipage in charge of a guard, and, as night 
fell, we were once more en route for the south side of the James. 



302 



THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 



At the opening of the campaign of 18G5 the organization of the 
regiment was as follows : 

Field and Staff. 



Jonathan A, Hill, 
Charles P. Baldwin, 
Sanford Hanscom, 
Wm. H. H. Andrews, 
Nathan F. Blunt, 
Richard L. Cook, 
Woodman W. Royal, 
Alex. Von Siebold, 
John Williams, 
Samuel Cushing, 
George B. Noyes, 
Samuel Clark, 
Sidney F. Downing, 



Lieutenant-Colonel. 
Major. 
Adjutant. 
Quartermaster. 
Surgeon. 

Assistant Surgeon, 
Assistant Surgeon. 
Sergeant-Major. 
Quartermaster Sergeant. 
Commissary Sergeant. 
Hospital Steward. 
Principal Musician. 
Principal Musician. 



Company A. 

Charles A. Rolfe, Captain. 
Lewis H. Holt, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Willard Barker, First Sergeant ; 
Samuel Frye, Dexter Walker, 

Albert 0. Jordan, John P. Stevens. 



Coryorals. 



John A. Brackett, 
Edgar A. Stevens, 



Joseph H. Johnson, 
Frank C. Stevens. 



Company B. 

Charles Sellmer, Captain. 

Fred T. Mason, First Lieutenant. 

Nelson H. Norris, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Lewis W, Campbell, First Sergeant ; 
John W. Hayward, Rufus M. Davis, 

Philip H. Andrews, Nathan Ayerill. 



LAST DAYS OX THE NORTH SIDE. 303 

Corporals. 
George Jackson, Nehemiah R. Maker, 

Joseph H. Crosby, William Rushtou. 

Anson Crocker, Joseph F. Barney, 

Henry A. Carter, Charles A. Davis. 

Alba W. Shorey, Wagoner. 

Company C. 

Grafton Norris, Captain. 

William H. H. Frye, First Lieutenant. 

George W. Haskell, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Joseph 0. Smith, First Sergeant ; 
Lovell L. Gardiner, Charles A. Davis, 

Gustavus Hayford. 

Co7'porals. 
Adolphns L. Cole, John A. Hammond, 

William H. Newcomb, Hugh McGonagle, 

Ruben C. Bunker, Henry Albee, 

Thomas Donahoe, Henry Miller. 

Benjamin J. Smith, Wagoner. 

Company D. 

Albert G. Mudgett, Captain. 
Ellery D. Perkins, First Lieutenant. 
Judson L. Young, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Josiah F. Keene, First Sergeant ; 
Gardiner E. Blake, Alphonzo C. Gowell, 

George Day, Timothy McGraw. 

Corporals. 
Horace Whittier, Shepard Whittier, 

Stephen R. Bearce, James B. Williams, 

Lyman M. Bragdon, Alphonzo 0. Donnell, 

Jeremiah Stratton. 
William H. Hardison, Wagoner. 



304 the stoey of one regiment. 

Company E. 

George W. Small, Captain. 
Joseph S. Bowler, Fii'st Lieutenant. 
Charles 0. Lamsou, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Charles F. Wheeler, First Sergeant ; 
George W. Chick, John N. Weymouth, 

Simon Batchelder, Jr., Solomon S. Cole. 

Corporals. 
Elias H. Frost, Henry B. Stanhope, 

John L. Lippincott, Surbyna Packard, 

Charlies Sullivan, George D. French, 

Charles Bowker. 
Samuel Babb, Wagoner. 

Company F. 

Archibald Clark, First Lieutenant. 
Charles H. Scott, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Clarence C. Frost, First Sergeant ; 
Nathan P. Downing, Joseph H. Estes, 

William E. Feeley. 

Corporals. 
Sylvanus Smith, James B. Stetson, 

Warren H. Moores, George H. Balkam, 

John F. Arnold, William H. Jackson, 

Edwin L. Parker, Samuel G. Richardson. 

Company G. 

Henry C. Adams, Captain. 
Peter Bunker, First Lieutenant. 
George Payne, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Thomas T. Tabor, First Sergeant ; 
Daniel Burgess, Horace B. Mills, 

Thaddeus S. Wing, Thomas J. Holmes. 



LAST DAYS ON THE NORTH SIDE. 305 

Corporals. 

Horace A. Manley, Lewis L. Da}', 

Nathaniel Hooper, Luther A. Bobbins, 

Everett B. Small, Charles W. Royal,. 

Benjamin B. Coombs, George Phillips. 

Henry B. Rogers, Wagoner. 

Company H. 

Albert Maxfield, Captain. 
Thomas Clark, First Lieutenant. 
Jerome B. Ireland, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Seth A. Ramsdell, First Sergeant ; 
Albert L. Rankin, Charles H. Cummings, 

Nathan J. Dumphey, James Lawrence. 

Corporals. 

John F. Wedgewood, Charles Bodge, 

Isaac W. Wardwell, Joseph F, Stevens, 

Benjamin F. Dumphey, Samuel R. Buker, 

William H. Lord. 

John E. McKenney, Musician. 

John T. Milton, Wagoner. 

Company I. 

George S. Scammon, Captain. 
Robert Brady, Jr., First Lieutenant. 
Monroe Daggett, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Amaziah Hunter, First Sergeant ; 
Nathaniel R. Robbins, John A. Monk, 

Charles E. Elwell, Charles Mead. 

Corporals. 
Lewis M. Libby, Albion W. Pendexter, 

Samuel B. Haskell, Charles Gilpatrick, 

William H. Dunham, James A. Clark. 

20 



306 



THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 



Company K. 

Robert H. Scott, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Amos R. Pusliaw, First Sergeant ; 
George W. Blaisdell, John F. Buzzell, 

Augustus D. Locke, John B. Alden. 



Corporals. 



John J. Hill, 
Charles Watson, 
Lysander H. Pushaw, 
Alva Gr. Glover, 



Adelbert P. Chick, 
Judson W. Barden, 
Charles F. Bickford, 
Samuel Buzzell. 



Joseph G. Ricker, Wagoner. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

THE FALL OF PETEKSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 

Winter Operations in the South — Sherman's March to North Carolina — 
His Consultation with Grant and Lincoln — Their Plan of Campaign — 
Grant Takes the Initiative — Our Historical Night March from the 
Extreme Right to the Extreme Left of the Union Line — Sheridan 
Advances with the Second and Fifth Corps in Support — The Battle 
of Five Forks — Our Experiences on the Night March and on the Sec- 
ond Corps Front — General Hill Commands our Advance — Orders a 
Kitie Fire that Silences a Battery — A Rebel Night Attack — Its 
Repulse — Baldwin Wounded and General Dandy Disobeyed — Grant's 
Plan of Assault — Captain Maxfield Commands on Our Front — His 
Night Attack — Its Repulse — Captain Norris Reconuoiters and Reports 
— The Signal Gun and the Grand Assault — Its Success — Captain Max- 
field Attacks and Captures his Front, a Battery of Artillery and its 
Supports — The Advance of the Skirmishers of the Eleventh — Quickly 
under Fire — The Assault of the Rebel Barracks — -Set on Fire — Fight- 
ing among the Blazing Structures — The Assault on Gregg led by 
Lieutenant Payne of Our Regiment — That on Whitworth led by A and 
B of the Eleventh under Command of Captain Rolfe, of A, and Lieu- 
tenant Brady, in Command of B — The Surrender of the Two Forts 
after a Desperate Resistance — The Close of the Battles of the Day — 
Casualties. 

The winter operations of the armies iu the South had resulted 
in Sherman^s establishing his army at Goldsboro, N. C, about 
one hundred and forty-five miles south of Petersburg. Here, in 
the last days of March, he Joined General Schofield, who, with 
General Terry in command of troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps, 
had been operating in North Carolina during the winter. 

A Confederate army, under General Johnston, held a line cov- 
ering Ealeigh and Weldon, with headquarters at Greensboro. 
General Sherman proposed to conduct his further operations in 
unison with those of General Grant. He says, in his memoirs, 
that he purposed making an effort to place his forces " north of 
the Roanoke River, and in full communication with the Army of 
the Potomac. "" Johnston held his forces in position to oppose 



808 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

this anticipated movement, and to make an attempt to nnite with 
Lee, shoukl it be found advisable to try to do so. The other 
armies of the United States and of the Confederacy were more or 
less actively engaged in Alabama and Georgia, but the real 
theater of the war was now confined to the ground held by the 
armies of Grant and Lee, Sherman and Johnston. 

Sherman, leaving Schofield in command, took boat for City 
Point, where, on the 27th of March, he held a personal con- 
sultation with General Grant in the presence of President Lin- 
coln, and the plan of the final campaign was arranged. Sherman 
was to reach the Koanoke River near Weldon, sixty miles south 
of Petersburg, from which point he could move to the Eich- 
mond & Danville Eailroad at its junction with the Petersburg & 
Lynchburg Eaili'oad, and cut Lee off from Danville and Lynch- 
burg. This plan he was directed to carry out, if he should 
receive no different instructions. And the movement that Gen- 
eral Grant had ordered for March 29th was explained to Sher- 
man. But, after Sherman's departure, Grant, fearing that Lee 
might abandon his intrenchments, and feeling sure that he would 
do so as soon as he found that Sherman was moving toward the 
junction, determined to anticipate a little — not to delay until the 
29th, but to immediately take the initiative. 

Orders were promptly sent to General Ord to take General Gib- 
bon, with Foster's and Turner's divisions of the Twenty-fourth 
Corps, Birney's division (colored) of the Twenty-fifth Corps, 
and Mackenzie's cavalry (formerly Kautz's), and make a secret 
march to the left of the Army of the Potomac, taking post in 
rear of the Second Corps, which position must be reached by the 
evening of March 28th. General Sheridan was instructed to 
move his cavalry at an early hour of the 29th of March, across 
Hatcher's Eun, move on Dinwiddie Court House, and reach the 
Confederate right and rear as soon as possible. The Second and 
Fifth Corps were to support the movement, which was calculated 
to draw the enemy from his intrenched position and force him to 
fight in the open field. Failing in that, Sheridan was to '* cut 
loose and push for the Danville road," to cross the South Side 
Railroad between Petersburg and Burkeville, cut the communica- 
tions, then to return to Grant or join Sherman, as he might find 
it best to do. 

Sheridan moved out as ordered, followed by the Fifth CorpS;, 



THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 309 

which, at about noon, was ordered to move up the Quaker road. 
Sheridan met only small parties of the enemy's cavalry during the 
day, but the advance of the Fifth Corps came in contact with the 
enemy, and after a sharp engagement forced them back into their 
intrcnchments. Tiie Second Corps movement met with no oppo- 
sition during the day. In its course General Grant had modified 
his orders to Siieridan, instructing him not to move against the 
railroads for tiie present, but on the following morning, that of 
March 30th, to move for the rear of the Confederate right. 

On the 30th tiie Second Corps drove tiie enemy inside their 
intrcnchments, along Hatclier's Run, but did not assault. The 
Fifth Corps moved up the Quaker and Boydtown roads on recon- 
noissance, and established a line covering the Boydtown road. 
Sheridan spent the day taking position near Five Forks. Consid- 
erable skirmishing took place between his forces and those of 
Fitzhugh Lee. Sheridan learned that the enemy were being 
heavily reenforced by infantry, and so reported to General Grant, 
who thereupon made such a disposition of the Second and Fifth 
Corps as to ])lace them in support of General Sheridan's position. 

On the 31st the Fifth Corps was heavily attacked, but, sup- 
ported by Miles's division of the Second Corps, drove the enemy 
back with a considerable loss. During the day Mott's division of 
the Second Corps attempted to carry the intrcnchments covering 
the Boydtown road crossing of Hatcher's Run, but without suc- 
cess. While these operations were going on, the cavalry of Siieri- 
dan and W. H. F. Lee were constantly engaged, with varying 
success. 

On April 1st the Battle of Five Forks was fouglit by Sheridan 
and Warren, with tiie result that Pickett, commanding the Con- 
federate right, was routed with a loss of 8,500 men killed, 
wounded, and prisoners, besides 13 colors and 6 guns. The 
Second Corps was pushed forward to carry the enemy's intrcnch- 
ments to the left of the position the Twenty-fourth Corps now 
occupied, but the attempt failed. 

The march of Ord's force on the night of March 27th and the 
day of the 28th was a forced one, and was made over roads that 
were in a terrible condition. The night was a dark one, with 
rain. The soft roads, cut up by artillery wheels and wagon trains, 
stretched here and there into wide morasses of knee-deep mire, 
into which we would plunge unexpectedly, to wallow through as 



810 THE STOKY OF ONE KEGIMENT. 

best we could. It led through woods, and in the darkness those 
deviating from the road ran against trees ; and, curiously enough, 
while the men would wade and flounder along the road in grim 
silence, when they found themselves violently opposed by a tree- 
trunk they would use language both lurid and rhetorical. Yet 
our formation during the night was well although loosely kept, 
the officers sternly insisting on the men retaining their relative 
positions, so that at dayliglit, with a little closing up and with a 
little rectification of ranks, the regiment, although leg weary and 
heavy eyed, presented a soldierly appearance to the curious on- 
lookers of the Army of the Potomac, that from daylight on 
watched the march of the troops of the Army of the James. 

The day was passed with making long marches with short rests, 
but hot coffee, daylight, and the pride that led us to put the best 
foot foremost under the eyes of our critical, if sympathizing, 
friends of the Army of the Potomac kept our men up to the 
mark. Towards nightfall we halted in rear of the Second Corps 
winter quarters after a march of thirty-six miles. 

So far as our own regiment was concerned, this severe march 
proved that our new men were sturdy fellows, and that the steady 
exercise of the legs in the severe drilling we had given them 
during the winter had not been thrown away. The night of the 
28th we bivouacked around our camp fires. In the morning the 
Second Corps moved out on the left, and we occupied their bar- 
racks. In the afternoon we were ordered to the front, and after 
floundering through swampy ground for a few hours returned to 
the barracks. 

It rained heavily all tlie day of the 29tli and nearly all that of 
the 30tli, making the roads impassable for artillery and wagon 
trains. This forced General Grant to delay the general forward 
movement he had in mind. In the afternoon of the 30th we 
moved to the front and took position in Ord's line, the right of 
which connected with the Sixth Corps and the left with the Sec- 
ond. We lay behind our stacked guns for the night, without 
fires. There was an alarm in the night, occasioned by a nervous 
picket firing at some rustling bush. 

Early in the morning of the 31st a skirmish line was formed, 
and, moving forward, was quickly engaged, and so heavily on our 
regimental front as to soon require rcenforcing, which was con- 
tinued until the larger part of our regiment was in action. Our 



THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 311 

lino soon forced its way through the woods and as close to the 
enemy's works as the slashing in their front would permit. The 
skirmishers of our regiment were here joined by Lieutenant Payne 
and his corps of brigade sharpshooters — picked men from among 
the veterans of the regiments of the brigade. So effective was 
our combined fire that we soon drove the rebels in our immediate 
front into their works, from which they opened a severe musketry 
fire, and swept our lines by a well-served battery. So distressing 
did the artillery fire become that Colonel Hill determined to 
silence it with musketry. Concentrating our fire on the battery, 
it was not long before its fire slackened and finally ceased ; and 
these guns did not reopen until nightfall. 

After dark the skirmishers returned to their regiments, which 
lay in line of battle a short distance in rear of the position the 
skirmish line had forced its way to. A heavy picket-line was now 
thrown out, and a numerous fatigue party was set at work tiirow- 
ing up intrenchments on the ground the skirmish line had last 
occupied. The regiments went into bivouac behind their stacked 
guns, and were allowed just fire enough with which to cook coffee. 
There was sharp picket-firing during the night. Their fire would 
now andtlien lull here and there along the line, to suddenly break 
out with fresh fury. To the right and left the roll of musketry 
rose and fell, but our tired men slept on, hardly conscious of the 
varying fire until toward morning, when there was a sudden 
outburst in our immediate front, and then came the yell of a 
charging rebel line of battle. 

It was a night attack. Instantly every veteran sprang to his 
feet, calling on his sleeping comrade to rise and face the enemy. 
Short and sharp the orders of the officers sounded along the line. 
There was no sign of panic, the men were well in hand, and 
when, almost instantly as it seemed, Colonel Hill's voice rang 
out with the order, " Charge ! '" our men set up an answering yell, 
and rushed through the darkness at the coming enemy. 

The enemy had crept up close to our picket line before charg- 
ing, and, running over the pickets, had expected to find our 
line of battle close behind them ; but, finding nothing, they 
halted in the edge of the woods, just beyond our new and as yet 
unoccupied intrencliments. Then came our counter charge, and 
for the brief moment whicli we needed to reach the works the 
enemy stood irresolute. Had they reached the works before us. 



812 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

and had they occupied their reverse side, they could have given 
xis a warm reception. But, as it was, the fire they met our onset 
with was a desultory oue, and in the darkness was largely thrown 
away. As soon as we reached the intrenchment we saw their line 
looming up darkly Just beyond us. Colonel Hill's instant order 
was, "Fire." At this G-eneral Dandy cried out: "Don't fire; 
they are our own men." Then there was hesitation. " What 
regiment is that ?" shouted an ofiicer of our regiment. "The 
Eleventh," was the astonishing answer, confirming General Dandy 
in his belief, and he was now loud in his orders for our regiment 
to hold its fire. " The Eleventh what ? " persisted the officer. 
No answer came. Could it really be that a part of the Eleventh 
Maine had moved over the works ? We could not clearly see the 
length of a company, much less the length of the regiment, so 
could not make out the length of our line. Then our officer took 
another tack. "Who's your colonel ?" "Colonel Davis," was 
the answer. And "Fire ! " "Fire !" sounded along our line, the 
shrill voice of Colonel Baldwin sounding above the din ; and in 
spite of the frantic threats of General Dandy to put any officer in 
arrest who commanded "Fire," our men opened on the mass of 
the enemy, and with such fury that they turned and fled into the 
darkness, only saving their colors from the enterprising rush of a 
body of our men by throwing them on the ground and ignomin- 
iously dragging them away. It was the Eleventh Mississipj)i 
that faced the Eleventh Maine, and their colonel, Davis, was in 
command of the assaulting brigade. 

General Dandy had had an experience on Morris Island that 
made him cautious in respect to the line of troops before him in a 
night attack. In the assault on Fort Wagner his regiment was in 
the second line, and on entering the fort fired into a body of 
Union troops that had gained a foothold. This accident had an 
effect on his mind that reasonably enough made him doubly care- 
ful ; and, with his fear reenforced by the answers to our calls, it is 
not at all surprising that he should have thought it a part of the 
Eleventh Maine that was before us and have tried to stop the 
firing. 

At daylight a large number of the rebel assaulting column rose 
from behind logs and stepped from behind trees to surrender 
themselves. Our heavy fire had kept these from retreating with 
their comrades. 



THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 313 

During the combat Lieutenant-Colonel Baldwin was severely 
wounded. The gallant colonel was tiius incapacitated'for further 
service in the campaign, and it is a matter of great regret with 
him, as he says, "that his wounds should have been received 
in such small engagements." Had he been permitted to take 
part in the Battle of Deep Eun, instead of being wounded at that 
of Deep Bottom, two days before, he would have taken a wound 
cheerfully ; and could he have received his last wound ou the field 
of Appomattox, he would not have cared had it been doubly 
severe. But it is not forgotten that, both times he was taken 
from the field, it was from the extreme front, where he had 
cheered his men on to brave acts, both by precept and example. 

This attempt to surprise us took place in the morning of April 
1st, the day the Battle of Five Forks was fought away to our left. 
We lay behind our new works all this day, with a heavy skirmish 
line constantly engaged. It was during this day that General 
Orant arranged his plan and gave his orders for the final assault, 
which was to be made the next morning, by the Sixth and Ninth 
Corps, and Ord's force. The Sixth Corps, on our immediate 
right, was to form by brigades in regimental front, and, at a sig- 
nal — a cannon shot from a particular point — was to charge and 
break the enemy's lines. The Ninth Corps, occupying the front 
w^e did the previous September, was to charge the works in 
its front at the same time. Ord was to attack on his front simul- 
taneously with the advance of the Sixth and Ninth Corps. 

We passed the night as we did the day — behind our new line of 
works, lying on our arms, now sleeping, now listening to the tre- 
mendous cannonade with which the Union artillery was bombard- 
ing the rebel line. During the night our brigade picket line, 
under command of Captain Maxfield, of the Eleventh, who was 
acting as brigade officer of the day, was reenforced by the brigade 
sharpshooters and a detail of axemen from our regiment. Captain 
Maxfield's orders were to force liis line close to the enemy's 
abatis, which the axemen were to hew down, under cover of the 
heavy fire he was to open. It was intended to follow his move- 
ment with a line of battle, with a view to assault the works should 
he succeed in clearing the ground. Following out his orders, the 
officer of the day, despite the darkness, drove in the outlying 
force of the enemy along his front, and, reaching the abatis, 
ordered the axemen forward. Until now the rebels within the 



314 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT, 

works had held their fire; but, as the axe-strokes told what 'was 
being attempted, ever}' giin opened, the bullets pouring into the 
attacking line " as if thrown by the bucket full," as the Captain 
expresses it. Of course, unless supported by a line of battle, 
nothing more could be accomplished by the picket line, which 
returned to its old position, where it remained until near day- 
light, when it was again advanced by Captain Maxfield under 
cover of a thick fog. When within fifty yards of the enemy's 
works the fog suddenly lifted, exposing the line to a sharp fire. 
By direction of their commander, they sought such shelter as the 
ground afforded, and a sharp skirmish fight ensued. 

During the night Captain Norris, of the Eleventh, was ordered 
to take a few men and reconnoiter along our brigade front to find 
a point where an assault could be made with a possible chance of 
success. After a careful and perilous search, he reported to bri- 
gade headquarters that nowhere along the front of our brigade was 
there a point where the ground was so unbroken as to allow the 
compact formation necessary to secure a successful assault. It 
was for this reason that the forward movement of the picket line 
was not supported as Captain ALaxfield expected it would be. 

The night was so dark, with a heavy fog towards morning, that 
the assaulting columns of the Ninth, Sixth, and Twenty-fourth 
Corps could not move intelligently. For this reason the signal 
shot was delayed until five o'clock. As it boomed its message, the 
massed brigades of the Sixth Cor{)s moved rapidly forward, and 
after a severe struggle broke through the Confederate line of 
intrench men ts. The Ninth Corps advanced at the same time and 
crossed the works in its front, to find itself checked by a second 
line, which it was not able to force. 

As the roar of the Sixth Corps attack lessened, the brigade offi- 
cer of the day, who had rallied his men as the signal gun was 
fired, gave the order to charge. Instantly, regardless of the 
superior force confronting it, the line climbed the abatis and 
mounted the works of the demoralised enemy, who could see the 
masses of the First Brigade of our division, on our right, and of 
the West Virginia Brigade, on our left, rapidly converging on 
the salient the pickets were entering. Eealizing the hopelessness 
of a contest, the rebels threw down their arms and surrendered. 
It was found that our })icket line had captured more men than it 
numbered, besides a battery of artillery. The prisoners were 



THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 315 

sent to the rear in charge of Sergeant Locke, of Company K, of 
the Eleventh, and a small escort, and the pickets rejoined their 
regiments. 

Early in the morning, Foster's division had been ordered to 
support the Sixth Corps movement. The division crossed the 
works at the point of the Sixth Corps assault, and, swinging to 
the right, moved along the face of the enemy's lino, sweeping all 
opposition before it. After it had passed the front of the Sixth 
Corps line it moved directly on the enemy's second line, followed 
by the divisions of the Sixth Corps. 

Ord halted his line along the Boydtown Plank road, and threw 
out a skirmish line which was ordered to advance as fast and as 
far as possible. Companies A and B of the Eleventh were in 
this line. The skirmishers encountered the enemy almost as soon 
as they began to advance, and driving them steadily back were 
soon before the enemy's inner line, running up from the Appo- 
mattox and aloug Indian town Creek. Two forts lay in front of 
the advance, Forts Gregg and Whitworth. Before the first of 
these the skirmish line of the Tenth Connecticut took position. 
They were soon reenforced by Lieutenant Payne's sharpshooters. 
Against Whitworth, Companies A and B of our regiment were 
ranged. Before this work was an area of log barracks. These 
the enemy set on fire, and fought from street to street of the 
blazing structures, making it warm for our boys in more ways 
than one. But we soon drove them out of the barracks and into 
Fort "Whitworth, when, crowding closely to the fort, we returned 
the heavy fire that came from its strongly manned parapets with as 
active a one, if of less volume, emulating Payne's boys, who were 
engaged in the same work with Gregg a short distance on our 
right. 

At last the lines of battle were seen advancing to our support. 
Our brigade pressed down on Gregg, throwing our regiment to 
the left and into the barracks before Whitworth. The West 
Virginia Brigade advanced against Whitworth. Thrown to the 
left as they were, our men could only watch the assault on Gregg, 
one that General Gibbon, no inexperienced authority, calls the 
most desperate assault of the war. The little fort was enveloped 
in a surging mass of assailants. They filled the ditches, and 
eagerly sought for a footway by which to reach the stubborn 
defenders, who fought with magnificent desperation. But one 



816 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

narrow footway led across a deep ditch, and that was constantly 
swept by a terrible fire, while every attempt to climb the parapet 
from the ditch was beaten back by rifle shots and clubbed 
muskets. At last Lieutenant Payne, of the Eleventh, who had 
been watching the assault without taking any part in it, rallied 
his sharpshooters at the bottom of the footway, and, calling on 
them to follow him, darted along the deadly path to fling himself 
headlong into the fort, where he laid about so vigorously with his 
saber — a weapon he was master of, having served as a trooper in 
Mexico and in the Indian wars on tlie frontier — tliat before he 
could be struck down his men were closing around him, and the 
masses of the assailing force, taking advantage of his desperate 
diversion, were surging over the parapet, and the fort was won. 

Before Gregg fell, the West Virginia Brigade assaulted Whit- 
worth, their advance led by the skirmishers of the Eleventh. 
These skirmishers had reconnoitered the fort carefully, and had 
an idea of its form. They swept swiftly around its right to rush 
through its sallyport. As the West Virginians swarmed in after 
them, the rebels were throwing down tlieir arms. 

This closed the advance of the lines of battle for the day, but 
Companies A and B, with other skirmish commands, felt sure 
that the enemy's line beyond the creek would be assaulted. With- 
out waiting for orders they pressed across the intervening fields 
and deployed their line against the enemy's works, fully deter- 
mined to head any assault that should be made, and to lead the 
way into the Cockade City. But General Humphreys says that the 
Sixth Corps men were exhausted, having been under arms for 
eighteen hours, so it was decided not to assault further until the 
next morning. The skirmishers were recalled, a heavy picket 
line was established, and the troops went into bivouac. Our 
division lay for the night around the captured forts. 

The losses of the regiment up to this time were as follows : 

Casualties at Hatcher's Run, Va. 

March 31, 18C5. 

Covipany A. — AV^ounded, Private Thomas Nye, Jr. 
Company B. — Wounded, First Sergeant Lewis AV. Campbell ; 
Private Thomas F. White. 

Company C. — Wounded, Private William Haley. 



THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 317 

Company D. — Wounded, Private Dennis Tehan. 

Company E. — Killed, Privates John Bartlett, Abial W. Bowley. 

Convpany F. — Wounded, Privates Bowman Eldridge, William 
S. Pierce. 

Company H. — Wounded, Privates Richard Gray, Benjamin F. 
Jones, Dennis Post. 

April 1, 18G5. 

Field. — Wounded, Major Charles P. Baldwin. 

Company A. — Wounded, Private Edgar A. Stevens. 

Company D, — Wounded, Privates Albion P. Bickmore, William 
H. Findel, George Seavey. Prisoners, Sergeant Alphonzo C. 
Go well ; Privates Albion P. Bickmore, Patrick Brien, William 
H. Findel, George Geary, Elisha W. Gibbs, George Seavc}', 
James Simmons, John T. Stevens. 

Company E. — Wounded, Private Charles Simmons. 

Company G. — Prisoners, Lieutenant Peter Banker ; Sergeant 
Horace B. Mills ; Privates Leonard F. Blackwell, William E» 
Denico, Joseph Glasstater. 

Company H. — Wonnded, Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland. 

Company I. — Prisoners, Sergeant Charles E. Elwell ; Private 
Hardcastle Stephenson. 

Company K. — Wounded, Privates Levi Pooler, Andrew R. 
Powers. 

Killed, 2 ; wounded, 19 ; prisoners, 16 — total, 37. 

Casualties at Hatcher's Run, and Forts Wiiitworth and 

Gregg. 

April 2, 1865. 

Company A. — Killed, Private James B. Davis. Wounded, 
Sergeant Charles I. Wood ; Privates Benjamin F. Boston, Joseph 
Bowdenstein, George A. Orr, Henry G. Struck. 

Company B. — Wounded, Lieutenant Nelson H. Norris ; Cor- 
poral George Jackson ; Privates Charles H. Clark, Ellis A. 
Lothrop, Patrick Murphy, Samuel C. Niles. 

Company C — Killed, Private George A. Robbins. Wounded, 
Corporal Thomas Donahoe. 

Company D. — Killed, Private Otis W. Ryan. Wounded, Cor- 
poral Jeremiah Stratton ; Privates Robert Mathews, Charles F. 
Morrill, George W. Watson. 



318 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Company F. — Killed, Corporal Edwin L. Parker. 

Company G. — Wounded, Lieutenant George Payne ; Privates 
William N. Murray, Henry Peck. 

Company H. — Wounded, Private John Hurst. 

Company I. — Killed, Private Michael Smith. Wounded, Pri- 
vates Fred J. Eobbins, Joseph Braer. 

Company K. — Killed, Private Thomas P. Cunliffe. 

Killed, 6 ; wounded, 22— total, 28. 

The men made prisoners were taken in the night attack on our 
brigade. They were on the picket line which was so suddenly 
overrun by the Confederate line of battle. Private Peter Haegan, 
of Company D, would have been added to the list of prisoners but 
for his shrewdly begging permission of his captor to be allowed to 
sret his haversack, that he had left at the foot of a tree near the 
post on which he was surprised. The good-natured Mississip- 
pian who had captured him allowed him to go the few feet only 
separating him and his provender bag ; but Peter failed to return, 
preferring to throw himself on the ground and crawl to the rear 
until he had reached our line. There had been many a laugh at' 
Peter's expense, but now the laugh was with him. 



CHAPTER XXX. 

THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 

The Predicament of General Lee — His Decision — Tlie Abandonment of 
Richmond and its Occupancy by Union Troops — Grant Follows Lee's 
Escaping Column — Ord and the Twenty-fourth Corps Cut Loose as a 
Flying Column — Incidents of the March — We Reach tlie Burkeville 
Junction and Place Ourselves between Lee and Johnston after a 
Steady March of Fifty-three Miles — The Movements of Sheridan and 
Meade — General Read's Fatal March on High Bridge — We Advance 
on Rice's Station to Meet Longstreet — He Evades Us — The Battle of 
Sailor's Creek — Farmville — The Bridges Burned except one Saved 
by the Second Corps — This Corps boldly Crosses, and Unsupported 
Confronts the Confederate Army — The Twenty-fourth and the Fifth 
Corps Move out of Farmville and Push towards Appomattox Court 
House to Cut off Lee — Incidents of the March — An Early Morning 
Rest in the Rear of Sheridan — A Greasy Breakfast — Interrupted by 
the Advancing Enemy — In Line of Battle and in the Front Once 
More — A Cavalry Retreat — The Assault of Gordon's Men — AVe Beat 
them Back and Follow on Their Heels — Our Assault on a Battery — 
Beaten Back, we Reform and are again Advancing when the An- 
nouncement of Lee's Surrender is Made to Us — Casualties. 

That Petersburg and Richmoud could not be beld against the 
next advance of Grant's vastly superior forces had been clear to 
General Lee for months ; and, but for the difficulty of impressing 
this fact upon the minds of the members of the Confederate 
administration, he would have abandoned his lines and have 
been well on his way to unite with Johnston before Grant opened 
the campaign. 

Colonel Taylor, of General Lee's personal staff — undoubtedly 
echoing Lee's private opinion — noted in his diar}', under date of 
March 27th : ''There appears to be an unaccountable apathy and 
listlessness in high places. . . . There seems to be no prepara- 
tion for the removal of the several departments of the Govern- 
ment. When the pressure is upon us, it may be impossible." 
And then he states what would have been General Lee's policy if 
unhampered : '' To unite the greater part of his army, before it 



320 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

wasted away from disease, from battles and from desertions, with 
that under General Johnston ; then to fall upon General Sherman 
with the hope of destroying him, then to return with the united 
armies to confront General Grant." 

Having the interior lines, Lee could move to accomplish such a 
plan much more quickly than Grant could to thwart it. The 
plan involved the giving up of Eichmond, but that which was 
finally pursued involved the same with a certainty nearly absolute, 
and left Sherman to overwhelm Johnston, and, at the same time, 
to destroy the granaries of the Confederacy from which Lee's 
army was supplied. 

But, embarrassed by the necessity of caring for the safety of the 
members of the Confederate Government, Lee remained in his 
trenches a few days too long, and now the choice was flight or 
surrender. As we know, he postponed the latter a few days, by 
deciding to attempt the former. 

As soon as his lines were broken on the morning of April 2d, 
Lee made his decision, and began his preparations to attempt to 
reach Johnston ; and at eight o'clock that evening he jDroceeded to 
evacuate his lines at Petersburg and Eichmond. By the dawn of 
April 3d his columns were converging on his first objective point 
— Amelia Court House. His intention, as Taylor states it, " was 
to take the direction of Danville, and turn to our [their] advantage 
the good line of resistance offered by the Dan and Staunton riv- 
ers." This intention was thwarted, and the Confederates were 
forced to attempt to reach another point. As Taylor states it: 
^' But the activity of the Federal cavalry and the want of supplies 
compelled a different course, and the retreat was continued up 
the South Side road toward Lynchburg." 

The abandonment of their trenches by the Confederates was 
not discovered by the Union forces until three o'clock in the 
morning of April 3d. Petersburg was entered by the division of 
General Wilcox at daylight. On the north side of the James, 
General Weitzel entered Eichmond, and a little after eight o'clock 
the Stars and Stripes — a flag of the Army of the James — were 
waving over the Confederate Capitol. 

Captain Thomas Clark, of our regiment, who had been left in 
charge of our regimental camp, participated in the triumphal 
entry into the captured city, marching in with the guards and the 
convalescents of his command. 



THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 321 

As soon as General Grant was informed of Lee's escape, he 
issued orders for a pursuit. Was Lee moving his army directly 
west for Lynchburg, or southwest for Danville ? In either case, 
he must move by way of Burkevillc Junction. Sheridan, with 
his cavalry and the Fifth Corps, followed by tlie Second and 
Sixth Corps, was ordered to push along the south side of the 
Appomattox River, to keep in constant touch with Lee's forces, 
and to strike the Danville Railroad between High Bridge, where 
it crosses the Appomattox, and Burkeville Junction. Ord, with 
the troops from the Twenty-fourth Corps, put in the liglitost 
possible marching order, was to push for Burkeville Junction 
with all possible speed. The Ninth Corps followed after Ord. 

When Ord's '' flying column " marched away from Forts Gregg 
and Whitworth the morning of the 3d, it was with a jubilant step. 
The end seemed close at hand ; Petersburg and Richmond had 
fallen, and Lee was in the toils. Joy was in the air, and laughter 
and frolic, long unknown to the marching column of our Virginia 
armies, where a movement of troops had for a long time meant 
assaulting strong and well-manned earthworks, were freely indulged 
in. Our brigade marched through a peach orchard that was in full 
bloom. The men broke branches from the trees and placed them 
in the muzzles of their rifles, giving the column an unwonted holi- 
day appearance. Whenever we halted, negro women were hired to 
make hoe-cakes ; hot, easily made — just a stirring of corn-meal and 
water, a pinch of salt, and baked on a shovel thrust into a fire. 
Some of these just freed cooks realized what to them were small 
fortunes. 

In spite of the warning order posted on trees, that the property 
of the inhabitants of the country through which we were march- 
ing was to be respected, under pain of the Provost Marshal, there 
was a tendency to loot abandoned houses. One stout trooper 
appeared in all the glory of an abandoned hoopskirt. He thought 
it a good joke to wear it, and the merry laughter with which this 
incongruous addition to a trooper's outfit was greeted by his com- 
rades confirmed him in his idea. But, alas ! General Ord hap- 
pened to see him, and the General's sense of humor was not strong 
enough to see any fun in the trooper's appearance. Then came 
the punishment — to continue to wear the skirt until sundown. 
This changed the complexion of the joke entirely ; the laugh was 
no longer with the jester, but quite against him, and he endured 
21 



322 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

bitter hours of jeering before the slow-moving sun sank below the 
horizon. 

Mules and horses were fair prizes, according to the ideas of 
many of our horsey-minded fellows. Quite a cavalcade of these 
useful animals followed our regiment, each bearing a captor, with 
bags of plunder, consisting of cook's gear of the captor's company, 
or the appurtenances of his comrades, until the Provost Marshal 
swooped down and confiscated the stolen animals — stealing them 
over again, as many grumbled — and the proud cavaliers became 
" foot cavalry " again. 

At one plantation tlie proprietor, a portly old Virginian with 
a suggestion of mint juleps in his red nose, watched with a 
mournful face as his few mules and horses were driven away. 
After a while he volunteered the information that in a nearby 
paddock he had a stallion that any Yank that could ride was wel- 
come to. There was a rush for the paddock, and many attempted 
to secure the prize ; but the stallion remained unridden, while 
his chuckling owner gathered what consolation he could for his 
losses and the fall of the Confederacy from the discomfiture of all 
the confident fellows who tried to ride his living tornado, which 
could bite, kick, plunge, buck, rear, and all at the same time, as 
it would seem to the unhappy fellow trying to cling to the horse's 
back. The mad creature did not need the Provost Marshal to 
protect him ; he could protect himself with tooth and hoof. 

But as the line lengthened, and its divisions got their distances, 
the marching pace was increased, and the halts grew fewer and 
fewer, and shorter and shorter, so that, as the day wore away, and 
tired nature began to assert itself, the men became more and more 
subdued. 

We went into bivouac, threw out pickets, and passed a quiet 
night. Soon after daylight of April 4th we were en route again. 
We plodded on all day, with infrequent halts. Our column took 
a free stop and a very open order, only closing up as we approached 
some Virginia village, when the bands would strike up and we 
would march through the settlement in close column, with colors 
flying, producing a most imposing effect. Soon after sunset we 
went into bivouac, and passed another quiet night. 

The morning of April 5th we started on our way again, and, by 
dint of putting one foot before the other, at nightfall had reached 
Burkeville Junction, having covered fifty-three miles of Virginia 



THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 323 

roadway since the morning of the 3d to attain General Grant's 
object — which was to 2ilace Ord's force between Lee and Johnston. 

We were very tired and considerably footsore this night, and, 
taking our assigned position, ate our frugal supper, then lay 
down and slept the deep, dreamless sleep of the thoroughly 
exhausted. 

During the 3d Sheridan's cavalry had harassed the retreating 
Confederates at every opportunity. About dark he attacked the 
rear guard vigorously as it was crossing Deep Creek. Here the 
cavalry and the Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps passed the night. 

General Sheridan decided from the day's movements that Lee 
was concentrating his forces at Amelia Court House, and arranged 
his forces to cut him off from the south. Crook was ordered to 
move out with his cavalry division at an early hour of the morning 
of the 4th, and- move so that he would strike the Danville road 
somewhere between Burkeville Junction and Jetersville. Griffin 
was ordered to march the Fifth Corps directly to Jetersville. Both 
commands reached their stations late in the afternoon of the 4th. 
The Fifth Corps threw up light intrenchments. 

The Second and Sixth Corps followed the Fifth, but were 
delayed, as during the forenoon Merritt's cavalry came across 
their road from the right and took precedence, forcing the 
infantry to halt for the day. At one o'clock in the morning of 
the 5th of April these corps were on the march for Jetersville, 
when again Merritt's cavalry came into their road, and again the 
infantry was forced to make a long halt. The consequence was 
that it was late in the afternoon of the 5th when they reached 
Jetersville, probably at about the same hour that we reached 
Burkeville Junction. The positions of the pursuing army the 
night of April 5th were : the troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps 
and the Ninth Corps at Burkeville Junction, Siieridan's cavalry 
between the Junction and Jetersville, and the Second, Fifth, and 
Sixth Corps at Jetersville, where General Meade established his 
headquarters. 

It was not until the 5th that the head of Lee's column moved 
out of Amelia Court House, his trains moving by inner roads that 
his troops covered. He moved on Jetersville, but, finding it so 
strongly held by infantry, changed his course somewhat, hoping 
that by a sharp night march he would get so far in advance of the 
Union forces that he could reach Lynchburg by way of Rice's 



324 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Station and Farmville ; and, it might be, he could get such a 
start as to enable him to reach Danville. 

On the night of the 5th, soon after we had reached Burkeville 
Junction, an order reached General Ord from General Grant 
(transmitted through General Sheridan) to send a force to seize 
and burn High Bridge, and, if possible, to destroy all the bridges 
at Farmville, thus preventing Lee from crossing to the north 
bank of the Appomattox. This undertaking was confided to 
General Eead, of General Ord's staff, who took with him a small 
force of cavalry and infantry, about five hundred men altogether. 
About sunset of the 6th the head of Lee's column — Longstreet's 
command — arrived at Rice's Station, a station of the Lynchburg 
Railroad between Burkeville Junction and Farmville. Lee 
arrived at the station later in the evening. Here Longstreet 
intrenched, and prepared to wait for the coming up of the other 
corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. 

On the morning of the 6th, General Meade moved out from 
Jetersville with his three infantry corps to attack at Amelia Court 
House, and was surprised to find the position abandoned. Quickly 
making up his mind that Lee was moving around the left flank 
of the Union army, Meade changed the course of his advance, 
and soon falling in with the train-hampered Confederate rear 
guard, promptly attacked. The Second Corps fell upon Gordon's 
corps, and after a running fight of fourteen miles about nightfall 
forced Gordon to make a stand at Sailor's Creek, with the result 
that the Second Corps captured thirteen flags, three guns, 1,700 
prisoners, and a large part of the train that Gordon's corps was 
convoying. 

The Fifth Corps was not engaged during the 6th of April, but 
the Sixth Corps was. This corps was following Sheridan's cavalry 
when Sheridan overtook the commands of Ewell and Anderson. 
A general assault was immediately ordered, and Sheridan's force, 
infantry and cavalry, fell on, annihilating Ewell's command, cap- 
turing that officer and killing and capturing 3,400 of the 3,600 
men of his command. Anderson, after a heavy loss, escaped 
with a portion of his command. 

During the forenoon of this eventful day. General Grant was 
informed by Sheridan that the head of Lee's column was moving 
on Burkeville Junction. Grant sent orders to Ord to move for- 
ward and occupy Rice's Station, two-thirds of the distance from 



THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 325 

the Junction to Farmville. At the station we would be directly 
in Lee's path, were he aiming for Lynchburg or Danville. Our 
brigades were soon on the inarch. As we started on our way 
mounted messengers were sent galloping to overtake General 
Eead and his small command, and warn them that Farmville and 
High Bridge were already occupied by divisions of Lee's army. 
But it was too late to save Kead and a large number of his com- 
mand from death, and the survivors from capture. We reached 
the vicinity of Rice's Station at about dark. Here we found 
Longstreet ready to receive us. As it was too late in the day to 
assault his works, we lay down before them and waited for morn- 
ing. When that came we found that he had crossed his troops 
to the north bank of the Appomattox, and was making for Lynch- 
burg by the road that goes through A^jpomattox Court House. 
Longstreet was followed by the remains of Lee's army. 

The morning of the 7th, Ord moved on Farmville, taking the 
short-cut wagon road Longstreet had slipped away by. The Sixth 
Corps followed Ord. The Second and Fifth Corps were close on 
Lee's heels, the Second in advance. The Ninth Corps seems to 
have been left at Burkeville Junction. It was found that the 
bridges crossing the Appomattox at and near Farmville had been 
destroyed by the Confederate rear guard ; all but one, and a detach- 
ment was destroying this bridge — a wagon-road bridge near High 
Bridge — when the Second Corps advance, under General Barlow, 
reached and saved it. The Second Corps crossed by this bridge, 
and pressed forward so rapidly that Barlow's division overtook the 
Confederate rear guard. So threatening was the Second Corps in 
its movements that Lee was forced to halt his force and take a 
strong position on the crest of a long slope of ground that cov- 
ered the stage and plank roads leading to Lynchburg. Here he 
threw up light intrenchments and put artillery in position. 
After riding along the ground taken up by Lee, General Meade 
ordered the Second Corps to attack, at the same time sending 
messengers to Ord to have the troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps 
and the Sixth Corps cross the river at Farmville, and assist in 
forcing Lee into a general engagement. But as there was no 
bridge near us to cross by, nor could a fordable place be found, 
this order could not be obeyed. The Fifth Corps does not seem 
to have as yet arrived. 

The Second Corps attack, although unsupported, was a partial 



326 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

success, and enables General Humphreys, then in command of 
the Second Corps, to claim, with reason, that by the enforced 
detention due to the vigor and aggressiveness of the movement of 
the Second Corps, Lee lost the supplies awaiting him at Appo- 
mattox Station, and gave time for Sheridan, with his cavalry, and 
Ord, with the Fifth and Twenty-fourth Corps, to put themselves 
across his path at Appomattox Court House. 

During the night of the 7th of April Lee moved toward Lynch- 
burg, with the Second and Sixth Corps moving directly after him. 
These corjjs kept up this direct pursuit until midnight, only halt- 
ing after making a march of twenty-six miles. 

The morning of April 8th, the Twenty-fourth and the Fifth 
Corps marched out from near Farmville, and, accompanied by 
General Grant and staff, pushed towards Appomattox Court 
House by the shortest roads. All day long these corps pressed 
forward, the men, although tired and footsore, requiring neither 
urging nor command to put forth every effort to head Lee off 
from Lynchburg ; for all understood that it was Grant's purpose 
for us to march by Lee's army and head him off, while the Sec- 
ond and Sixth Corps should dog his heels and hamper his speed 
by taking every opportunity to force him to turn and defend him- 
self. 

It was now a question of legs and endurance. On and on our 
men plodded, none falling out until worn out. All were too 
tired even to raise a cheer in passing General Grant as he was sit- 
ting on a roadside stone resting himself while enjoying a quiet 
smoke. And General Ord only secured this tribute when, in 
response to the cries of " Coffee ! " that ran along the marching 
line he was riding by, to reach the head of the column, he halted 
it as soon as he gained its advance, that the tired, hungry men 
might rest a bit while they cooked their coffee, every man his 
own, setting his tin dipper on one of the hastily lighted roadside 
fires. 

Ord was one of the general officers that knew the needs of 
men. "■ Get out of the road, men," shouted one of his staff as 
they rode along through a line of men resting in the dusty road. 
"Stop, sir," said the gray old general sternly; "the men are 
tired. Rein to the roadside, and follow that." 

As the day passed we found ourselves on the track of Sheridan. 
Prisoners, guns, and trains of wagons captured by his vigorous 



THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 327 

advance lined the roadside, encouraging our tired men to put 
forth every exertion. Darkness found us still pressing on, and it 
was not until after midnight that we halted for a few hours' rest. 
We had now reached the advanced position of the cavalry, a 
position taken by it but a few hours before, when it had cut off 
a train from Lynchburg that was loaded with supplies for Lee's 
army. We moved into the woods and lay down in line of battle 
for a few hours' rest. 

Between three and four o'clock in the morning of the 9th of 
April we were on the march again. Shortly after daybreak we 
reached a large field in which Sheridan's headquarters tents were 
pitched. Ord rode away to consult with Sheridan, and our 
infantry stacked arms and breakfasted. The meal consisted of 
coffee and the hard bread remaining in our haversacks, with raw 
bacon dealt out to us from the captured supply train. 

While we were enjoying this frugal meal, firing began a short 
distance in front of us, and we were ordered to fall in. The next 
order was, ''Forward." We went on at a quick step ; then, as the 
firing grew fiercer and fiercer, the order was, " Double quick." 
Lee was trying to force a passage. 

Up the pike we sped, to soon meet the cavalry falling back. 
Then swiftly swinging into line of battle to the right and left of 
the pike, our two brigades broke through the woods to where the 
dismounted cavalrymen were falling back, firing rapidly as they 
retreated, mounting as fast as they reached their horses. Among 
the cavalry regiments we were now rapidly covering was the First 
Maryland Cavalry, the cavalry regiment that was dismounted in 
the summer of 1864, and sent to our brigade to serve as infantry. 
They recognized the Eleventh as it rushed past them, probably 
from their recollection of Colonel Hill, who was riding at our 
head in his usual gallant manner. " Three cheers for the Eleventh 
Maine,'* shouted one of the mounted cavaliers, and they were 
given with a will; and it was to this exhilarating music that we 
rushed on Gordon's advance as his men closed viciously with the 
resisting cavalrymen. The struggle was short and sharp, and 
within a few minutes the last Confederate onset of the war was 
turned into a rapid retreat. Beyond the woods we were driving 
the retreating Confederates through was a wide ox-bow-shaped 
field, beyond which, again, the roofs of the hamlet of Appo- 
mattox Court House could be seen. General Foster, our division 



328 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

commander, had ordered Colonel Hill to keep touch with the 
brigade on our right — that of Osborn. The left of his brigade 
was on the pike, the right of our regiment closing on that thorough- 
fare. 

As Colonel Hill had been instructed that he must close and 
hold the pike at all hazards, he gave his personal attention to 
that duty. While we were getting our alignment, a horseman 
in the dress of a Union officer rode up to our regiment and called 
out, in a tone of authority, " Charge that battery," pointing to a 
Confederate battery that stood on the crown of a ridge running 
across the field, and at some distance in our regimental front. 
The well-served guns were annoying our men. Our regiment 
sprang eagerly forward, broke through the wood, pushed into the 
field, faced a storm of grape, and charged the guns. The right 
of the regiment came to a few log houses situated near the pike. 
Here a number of the men took position to drive off a force of 
Confederate cavalry that resisted their advance. And, unfortu- 
nately, the left companies obliqued sharply to the left, carrying 
all the right companies with them except A and B, the extreme 
right companies. 

As the troops on our right had not charged, our right flank 
was entirely in tlie air. Colonel Hill's voice was no longer heard. 
He had been wounded, and had fallen into the hands of the 
enemy. They lifted him to a horse, seating him behind its rider, 
with the intention of carrying him away. But as we were pressing 
them sharply, they dismounted him, and, taking his sword and 
watch, left him on the field, to be subsequently removed from it 
by his own men. 

Finding that they were getting between two fires, the com- 
manders of Companies A and B held a short consultation and 
decided to try and rejoin the main body of the regiment. Order- 
ing their men to cease firing, they then ordered them to double- 
quick down the field to the position the regiment could be seen 
occupying, one close to tiie battery, but protected from its direct 
fire by a slight rise behind which the men were lying. From 
here they were firing at the battery and its supporting line of 
infantry. Unfortunately, several men of the different companies 
had sought cover behind the log houses and had not advanced 
beyond them. Captain Maxfield, who was in command of a wing 
of the regiment, had observed them, and was endeavoring to 



THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 329 

withdraw the men from their untenable position, when he received 
orders from Colonel Hill to have the men fall back in rear of the 
fence which was at the edge of the tield. This order was exe- 
cuted, and when over the fence they found themselves con- 
fronted by a strong line of Confederate cavalry that had pressed 
into their rear by way of the unguarded right, and were taken 
prisoners. 

When Companies A and B appeared running from near the log 
houses towards the position held by the regiment, the battery and 
its supports gave them their particular attention, showering 
them with grape, canister, and bullets. Several men of these 
companies were killed and wounded before they reached the regi- 
ment. On reaching it, it was seen that their position was at the 
head of a gently descending valley that apparently wound around 
the hill to the rear. A hasty council of war was held by the new 
comers with Captain Norris, who was in command of the men of 
the regiment now with the colors. It was decided to retreat by 
way of this valley. The men were ordered to follow it around 
the hill while holding back the rebel cavalry that were now 
advancing on our flanks. Brushing all obstructions aside, and 
followed by shot and shell from the battery, the movement was 
successfully accomplished, and we were soon united with a body of 
our men that Captain Adams, who was commanding a wing of 
the regiment, had placed in a strong position, and the whole regi- 
ment now came under his command. 

There was very little difficulty in reforming the regiment, the 
new men behaving haiidsomely, as they did throughout the cam- 
paign. Of course, it was not quite as prompt a reforming as we 
expected in the last months of the campaign of 18G4 from the 
seasoned soldiers of whom the Eleventh was then composed. As 
soon as the line was reformed, Captain Adams reported to the 
brigade commander, and was directed to march the regiment to 
its place in the new line of battle. Our position was now to the 
left of that we had charged from, and at something of an angle 
to it. A skirmish line was ordered out, and Companies A and B 
were ordered out from our regiment. The skirmish line was 
formed and instructed to cross the field at a point somewhat to 
the left of the enemy^s batteries, and to take position in the edge 
of the woods beyond the field, and there await the coming up of 
the line of battle. 



330 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

During the time we had spent in charging and reforming, and 
quite unknown to us, the negotiations for the surrender of Lee's 
army were going on. 

Moving into the field, our skirmish line moved steadily forward. 
The right of the skirmishers from the Eleventh soon came to a 
bit of woods bordering a ravine. Here we found a number of 
Ohio men under command of a sergeant. They had sheltered 
themselves here during the confusion of the first onset, and, 
unable to learn the direction their regiment had taken, were 
awaiting developments, while standing off such bodies of Confed- 
erate cavalry as showed too inquisitive a spirit. They were 
ordered to fall in on our right, and we welcomed this strong 
reenforcement, as the right of our regimental skirmish line was 
that of the whole line, while to the left we could see a line of men 
extending to the far left of our division. 

We were well beyond the ravine, and were getting so close to 
the edge of the woods that we were beginning to wonder what 
sort of a reception we would meet with, when a tremendous yell 
sounded in our rear, and then a terrible rifle fire broke out from 
the same quarter. Looking back to where our line of battle ought 
to be emerging from the woods, we saw a scene of confusion as of 
a battle — firing, cheering, yelling, men moving to and fro, with 
spirals of gunpowder smoke rising and drifting away. No wonder 
the men of our skirmish line wavered, one thought in the minds 
of all, officers and men — that the Confederates had attacked, and 
were between our slender skirmish line and our army. What was 
to be done ? A swift exchange of opinion took place among the 
officers, and it was determined to push to the edge of the woods 
we had been ordered to reach, and from there take observations. 

" Forward, forward. It's none of your business what's in 

your rear ; forward," was the gist of the orders now hurled at the 
excited men. And forward it was, with anxiety filling the mind 
of each responsible officer. 

Just then a mounted Union officer was seen galloping from our 
rear towards us, waving his cap over his head as he spurred his 
horse to his full speed. We halted our men, and as the officer, a 
statf one we now recognized, came flying on, full of some great 
news — that was plain by his abandon — he swept into calling dis- 
tance and shouted, " Halt, boys ! halt ! Lee has surrendered, and 
the war is over ! " 



the pursuit and the surrender. 331 

Casualties at Appomattox, Va. 
April 9, 1865. 

Field and Staff. — Wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Jonathan A. 
Hill ; Sergeant-Major Alexander Von Siebold. 

Company A, — Killed, Private Robert Douglas. Wounded, Ser- 
geant Samuel Frye ; Privates Frederick G. Harris, Joseph S. 
Sites, John Stratton. Prisoner, Private Abel Mahomet. 

Company B. — Killed, Corporals Joseph H. Crosby, Charles C. 
Davis. Wounded, Lieutenant Fred T. Mason ; First Sergeant L. 
W. Campbell ; Corporal William Rushton ; Privates John Black- 
burn, Manuel Raymond. Prisoners, Corporal William Rushton; 
Privates James H. Campbell, James Graffam, John McGibbons. 

Comiiany C. — Wounded, Sergeants Lovell L. Gardiner, Charles 
A. Davis ', Private John Reed. Prisoner, Private Thomas John- 
son. 

Company D. — Killed, Private Moses Sherman. Wounded, Lieu- 
tenant Ellery D. Perkins ; Privates John Burns, Joiin F. Curtis. 

Company E. — Killed, First Sergeant Charles F. Wheeler. 
Wounded, Corporal John L. Lippincott ; Private Amos Fitzher- 
bert. Prisoners, Corporal Charles Sullivan ; Privates George Gig- 
gey, Bartholomew Nealon, Charles Reinbold, Charles Trask, John 
Walker. 

Company F. — Wounded, Privates Otis B. George, Thomas 
Kneelan, William H. Noyes. 

Company G. — Wounded, First Sergeant Thomas T. Tabor. 
Prisoner, Private Charles E. Fish. 

Company H. — Wounded, Privates James H. Drown, William 
Powers. Prisoners, Captain Albert Maxfield ; Privates William 
O'Brien, Louis Trepanier. 

Company I. — Killed, Sergeant Charles Mead. Wounded, Ser- 
geant John A. Monk ; Corporal AVilliam H. Dunham ; Privates 
Richard M. Duncan, Edmond Harthorn. Prisoner, First Sergeant 
Amaziah Hunter. 

Company K. — Killed, Private John R. Chesley. Wounded, Ser- 
geant Augustus D. Locke ; Privates John Murray, John Tye. 
Prisoners, Privates Thomas Dolan, Alonzo Dyer, John Ryan. 

Killed, 7 ; wounded, 32 ; prisoners, 20 — total, 59. 



CHAPTER XXXI. 

AFTER THE SURRENDER. 

Tlie Formal Surrender — Our Marcli to Richmond — Our Life Tiiere — 
Ordered to Northeastern Virginia — Incidents of Life in Fredericks- 
burg — Ordered to Reunite — We Meet at Fredericksburg and are Sent 
to City Point — Mustered Out — Sent to Augusta — Paid oflE and Dis- 
banded. 

The skirmish lines of the two armies were now turned into 
picket lines, and, although Lee had surrendered, his army 
retained its organization until its regiments had turned their 
arms and colors over to the troops designated to receive them. 
These consisted of the Fifth and the portion of the Twenty-fourth 
Corps that had participated in the campaign. The designation 
of these troops for this honorable duty was in recognition of their 
arriving, through severe night-marching, on the ground in time 
to prevent Lee's army breaking through Sheridan's cavalry. The 
Second, Sixth, and Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac 
had marched away immediately after the surrender. And when 
the last regiment of the beaten, but not at all cringing. Confed- 
erate army had laid its colors on its stacked guns, and, breaking 
ranks, had followed its comrades homeward, the Fifth Corps 
moved northward, and the troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps 
set out for Richmond to rejoin the Army of the James. 

We moved towards Richmond by easy marches, and in the 
highest spirits. The weather was delightful, the country beauti- 
ful, and the inhabitants curious. From every house a white flag 
floated in token of acquiescence in the surrender, the entrance 
to every country lane had a group of white and black spectators, 
the streets of every village were lined with onlookers. And at 
the fires of our bivouacs could be seen gray-clad men exchanging 
army experiences with their late opponents. 

Of course, the vanquished were sad, but not as yet vindictive. 
For myself, I, with Captain Small, passed an evening at a pictu- 
resque house, reached by a long, tree-lined avenue, where were hos- 
pitality, a good supper, the indispensable jug with the corn-cob 



AFTER THE SURRENDER. 33S 

stopper, tobacco, and a couple of pretty and jovial maidens, who 
played, sang, talked, and flirted under the eyes of a grave old Vir- 
ginian, who was truly glad the war was over, and of a stalwart 
brother in gray, wearing the insignia of a lieutenant, whose only 
regret was that his pockets were too utterly empty to allow his 
saddling a horse and accompanying us to Richmond to show us 
the town, and especially the glory of the Spottswood. But i)er- 
haps had "Billy "Small not been with me the reception might 
have been less flattering. He, as we know, held the "open ses- 
ame " to the hearts of all mankind. 

Our division reached Manchester, opposite Richmond, on the 
25th of April, where it encamped for the night. On the 26th it 
entered Richmond, crossing the river by a ponton bridge, and was 
received by the remainder of the Army of the James. The city 
was held by troops of this army, its mayor having, as will be 
remembered, surrendered the city to General Weitzel, commander 
of the Twenty-fifth Corps. 

There was a marked contrast in the appearance of ourselves 
and the receiving comrades — they as spick and span as if jnst 
turned out of military bandboxes, we ragged and dust laden ; 
but as we marched along between their drawn-up lines, it was 
plainly expressed to us that they would gladly change places with 
our division, to bear its prestige of endurance and intrepidity. 
Nor did the crowds of people thronging the streets we marched 
through — the sidewalks, steps, doors, windows — seem to think that 
our dusty line suffered by comparison, the many military-looking 
men in these throngs watching the soldierly swing of our march- 
ing column with manifest though silent approval. And the 
Eleventh, with its one-armed colonel riding at its head, its bullet- 
tattered banners floating over it, and its men of '61, '62, '63, and 
'04, attracted no little attention as it kept step to the audacious 
declarations of its band — " That in Dixie's land it took its stand, 
to live and die in Dixie's land." '' Yes," drawled one ex-Con- 
federate officer to another, "they say this regiment was in the 
advance at Fair Oaks. McClellan's old boys — none better ! " 

"We went into camp in a grove back of the city. Here we 
remained for several months, doing such duty as was necessary in 
an occupied city. 

Detached service was the order of the day. Until the State was 
again in the hands of the civil authorities, all the posts of author- 



334 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

ifcy were held by our officers, and many of our men served in the 
Provost Marshal's department as city police and elsewhere. Colo- 
nel Hill was on special duty in Eiclimond for a while, then he 
received his brevet as Brigadier-General and went to take com- 
mand of Lynchburg and vicinity. Lieutenant-Colonel Baldwin, 
who also received a brevet as Brigadier-General on rejoining the 
regiment, was almost constantly on special duty. Major Adams 
was in command of the regiment most of the time, but served for 
a time on court-martial ; Captain Sellmer was A. A. I. G. of the 
Department of Virginia ; Captains Maxfield and Norris and Lieu- 
tenant Nelson H. Norris were members of Courts Martial and 
Inquiry Boards ; Captain Scammou was on special duty ; Lieu- 
tenant Charles H. Scott was in command of the city prison ; 
Lieutenant Daggett was an Assistant Street Commissioner ; and 
other officers were more or less engaged in other than regimental 
duties. 

Now that the war was over. Captain Rolfe felt constrained to 
return to civil life and his long-neglected business, so allowed 
himself to be mustered out with the men of 1862, who were mus- 
tered out at Kichmond. I think a large projiortion went north 
wearing chevrons, for we had filled non-commissioned vacancies 
with deserving '62 men for some time. When they were gone, 
we could fill the vacancies caused by their departure from among 
later comers. The " Veterans " had been already provided for, 
so far as was desirable. 

A warrant is something to be proud of when won in service. I 
was as proud of my warrant as Sergeant as of my commission as 
Lieutenant, and could sympathize with the hero of the following 
little incident, I assure you. In Company B was a most excellent 
and deserving soldier, the company cook, a '62 man. He had 
never failed to have his beans and coffee ready, and to the front, 
and neither bullet nor shell could keep him from his hungry boys. 
We made him Corporal, and within half an hour he had his 
chevrons sewed on his sleeves, had abandoned the cook-house, and 
was walking the company street with authority in voice and eye. 
He made a most excellent non-commissioned officer, too. A sum- 
mer or so after we had returned home, I met my old friend on a 
Penobscot River boat, and the pride Avith which he spoke of " we 
officers " showed that his ])romotion had made his life the better 
wortli livinsr. 



AFTER THE SURRENDER. 335 

Part of Sherman's army marched through Richmond on its way 
to Washington to take part in the Grand Review. We received 
them with all the honors. We were now sleek and well dressed, 
white-gloved, with guns and equipments in the best of condition, 
glittering brasses and shining steel ; they — well, they looked about 
as we did when we marched into Richmond, ragged and dust 
laden. But they were sturdy fellows, and swung through the 
thronged streets with a martial mien that won the respect of all 
that saw them. They were well worth receiving, and our only 
regret was that "■ Tecumseh " was not riding at the head of their 
column. 

A number of commissions were received from Maine for non- 
commissioned officers who had rendered gallant and meritorious 
services, and we now had Lieutenants Lewis W. Campbell, CMarence 
C. Frost, Joseph 0. Smith, Josiah F. Keene, and Philip H. 
Andrews, instead of sergeants of those names. 

Commissions as Second Lieutenants were also received for Ser- 
geant-Major Horace A. Manley and Quartermaster Sergeants John 
Williams and Samuel Frye ; and for First Sergeants Joseph H. Estes 
(Company F), Thomas T. Tabor (Company G), Seth A. Ramsdell 
(Company H), and George P. Blaisdell (Company K) — but too late 
to enable these worthy comrades to be mustered into the rank 
their gallantry had won them. 

Life passed quickly in Richmond. Our camp was a pleasant 
and healthy one. Our duties were light, our provisions were 
good and plentiful, and short leaves of absence could be had for 
the asking. Every officer became a horseman. Quartermaster 
Andrews had plenty of horses in his stables, and any officer that 
would use a horse well had but to request one of our whole-souled 
friend to get it. We made up ])arties and rode into the interior, 
visited old camp grounds and battlefields, studied the fortifications 
around Richmond, and in a way fought some of our battles over 
again. 

Both officers and men were inclined to fraternize with ex-Con- 
federates, and while, as a matter of course, the invaders were not 
admitted to Southern social circles, in hotels, cafes, and theaters 
there was much hobnobbing among the old soldiers, and many 
warm friendships were formed. 

As order came out of the chaos the downfall of the Confederate 
Government had plunged the Southern people into, and the 



336 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

formation of a civil government progressed, superfluous regiments 
were mustered out. 

Along in the fall, of our brigade our regiment was alone in 
service. The members of the Tenth Connecticut, the Twenty- 
fourth Massachusetts, and the One Hundredth New York were 
now citizens. The Two Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania had 
disajjpeared long before. And we of the Eleventh were to have a 
change of scene. We were ordered to Fredericksburg to relieve 
the Seventh New Hampshire and other regiments, that they might 
be mustered out. We left Kichmond November 24th, and reached 
Fredericksburg along in the night, reporting to General Harris, 
commanding the District of Northeastern Virginia. 

The companies were soon scattered through the District, which 
was divided into three sub-districts. The Sub-District of Eap- 
pahannock, with headquarters at Fredericksburg, embraced the 
counties around Fredericksburg ; the Sub-District of Fauquier, 
with headquarters at Warrenton, embraced the counties about 
Warren ton ; and the Sub-District of Essex, with headquarters at 
Tappahannock, embraced seven counties in that section of the 
State. 

It was known that General Hill would be ordered from Lynch- 
burg to Fredericksburg to command the District. Lieutenant- 
Colonel Baldwin was expected to command the Sub-District of 
Kappahannock, of which Captain Clark was placed in temporary 
command. Major Adams was assigned to the command of the 
Sub-District of Fauquier, and Captain Maxfield to that of Essex. 

Companies A, E, and K were sent to the Sub-District of Fau- 
quier ; C, D, and H to the Sub-District of Essex, Company C 
going to the village of AVarsaw in Richmond County, D to 
Heathsville in Northumberland County, Company H remaining 
at Tappahannock in Essex County. Of the remaining compa- 
nies. Company B was sent to King George Court House, Company 
F to Orange Court House, and Companies G and I formed the 
garrison of Fredericksburg. 

For a time the writer acted as Provost Marshal of Fredericks- 
burg. There was little disturbance of the peace. The civil 
authorities were able to deal with all differences between citizens. 
The agent of the Freedmen's Bureau cared for its colored wards. 
Only once were the troops called out to quiet a tumult among 
citizens, and one sight of our men marching through the streets 



AFTER THE SUE RENDER. 337 

with fixed bayonets was quite enough to convince all of riotous 
miud that, although it was not obtrusive, yet there was a power 
in Fredericksburg that must be respected. 

But one other time did we have to show the mailed hand. 
President Johnson appointed a day of Fasting and Prayer. The 
proclamation was duly posted throughout the South. However it 
may have been received in other Southern cities, it was quite 
ignored in Fredericksburg. Every store was open, the schools 
were in session, a steamer was unloading at a wharf, the glass- 
works were in full operation, and there was no doubt that neither 
fasting nor praying was going on in the city. 

On receiving these reports General Harris became very angry. 
It was about ten o'clock when he sent for the Provost Marshal 
and ordered him to have the President's proclamation complied 
with in letter if it could not be in spirit. My order was quickly 
issued, and mounted soldiers were riding through the streets 
issuing peremptory orders. The school children were soon 
scampering home, delighted with a holiday — the only delighted 
persons in Fredericksburg that day — the stores were closed, the 
glassworks were quiet, the darkies unloading the steamer were 
idle, and a sort of order reigned in our little Warsaw. There was 
no resistance, only sullen acquiescence, but one old fellow who 
had backed a load of cord wood to a door to unload it showing 
any insolence, and for his impudence he was obliged to sit on his 
load and wait until the sun went down before he could either 
unload or drive away. 

There was one most unpleasant duty for the provost marshal to 
perform. All women desiring to marry must first take an iron- 
clad oath of personal allegiance to the United States, and swear 
that they would bring up any children they might have to support 
the Constitution and the laws. The Provost Marshal adminis- 
tered the oath. It was supposed to be taken in his office ; it was 
often, and always with a wry face. But in a few particular cases 
it was requested that the Provost Marshal go to the house of the 
fair candidate for matrimony and administer it privately, and in 
each case I felt it my duty to comply, as nothing in the orders 
stipulated where it was to be administered. These visits were 
very pleasant ones, except one, when the candidate cried bitterly 
and took the oath, I doubt not, with full intention to perjure 
herself. But love laughs at locksmiths, and finally, so far as 
23 



338 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Fredericksburg was concerned, did at the United States for 
venturing to take up that trade. A bright girl, determined to be 
married, and whose parents opposed the lover, just eloped with 
him, taking the steamer to Baltimore, and was married without 
taking the oath of allegiance. The eloping couple returned, 
asked and received parental forgiveness and blessing. Then the 
question was sprung on them by some of their friends. Not having 
taken the oath, were they legally married ? For a week there was 
great excitement in their circle, when it was answered that the 
Washington powers that were had decided that, as Maryland was 
not under the ban, and they were married according to its laws^ 
they were man and wife. The result was that there was a large 
increase of travel on the Baltimore boat, and the Provost Marshal, 
at least during my own short incumbency of the office, was not 
thereafter called upon to administer the ironclad oath. 

General Harris was relieved of the command of the District of 
Northeastern Virginia by General Hill. The new commander 
appointed Lieutenant Clarence C. Frost Assistant Adjutant- 
General, and Captain Ellery D. Perkins Provost Marshal, of 
the District. Major Adams was called to Fredericksburg to 
command the Sub-District of Rappahannock. Captain Norris 
was ordered to Warrenton to command the Sub-District of Fau- 
quier. Lieutenant J. 0. Smith went to Tappahannock as Assist- 
ant Adjutant-General of the Sub-District of Essex, relieving 
Lieutenant N. H. Norris, who was appointed Post Quartermaster 
at Tappahannock. Lieutenant P. H. Andrews was called to 
Fredericksburg to act as Adjutant of the regiment. Captain 
Scammon and Lieutenant Daggett, of Company I, and Adjutant 
Hanscom were mustered out while we were in this district, by 
reason of expiration of term of service. They had been mustered 
for one year only, joining the regiment in the winter of 1865. 

In January, 186G, orders came for us to proceed to City Point, 
where we would be mustered out. The companies were assem- 
bled at Fredericksburg. We proceeded to City Point, passing 
through Richmond, and were mustered out on the second day of 
February. We took a steamer for New York, and from there 
sailed for New London, where Ave went aboard a train, and j^ro- 
cceded to Augusta. On arriving at that city our colors were 
turned over to the State to be placed in the State House with 
those of other Maine regiments, and our guns and equipments 



AFTER THE SURRENDER. 389 

were turned over to a United States ordnance officer. February 
10th, we received our final pay, and after a varied service on land 
and sea of four years and three months — from November 12, 
1861, to February 10, 1866— the career of the Eleventh Maine 
Eegiment of Infantry Volunteers was at an end. 

The organization of the regiment, February 2, 186G, was as 
follows : 

Field and Staff, 

Jonathan A. Hill, Colonel. 

Charles P. Baldwin, Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Henry C. Adams, Major. 
William H. H. Andrews, Quartermaster. 

Woodman W. Eoyal, Assistant Surgeon. 

Willard Barker, Sergeant-Major. 

Samuel Frye, Quartermaster Sergeant. 

Joseph G. Ricker, Commissary Sergeant. 

George B. Noyes, Hospital Steward. 

Waldena F. Peters, Principal Musician. 

Company A. 

Judson L. Young, First Lieutenant. 
Lewis W. Campbell, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Dexter Walker, First Sergeant ; 
John A. Brackett, Edgar A. Stevens, 

Asa L. Mclntire. 

Corpo7'als. 

Benjamin G. Seavey, Charles E. Harmon, 

Lewis C. Hobbs, Peter M. Casey. 

Company B. 

Charles Sellmer, Captain. 

Clarence C. Frost, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 

Henry F. Randall, First Sergeant ; 
William Smith. 



340 the story of one regiment. 

Company 0. 
Grafton Norris, Captain. 
George W. Haskell, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Gustavus Hayford, First Sergeant ; 
Henry Albee, Dwiglit C. Eose, 

Charles M. Dexter. 

Corporals. 
William S. Lyscomb, Oscar D. Wilbur. 

Company D. 
William H. H. Frye, Captain. 
Nelson H. Norris, First Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Timothy McGraw, First Sergeant ; 
Stephen Mudgett, Daniel W. Woodbury, 

John Deacon, Frank L. Young. 

Corporals. 
Jotham S. Annis, Andrew J. Mudgett, 

James E, Dow. 

Company E. 
George W. Small, Captain. 
Joseph S. Bowler, First Lieutenant. 
Charles 0. Lamson, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
George W. Chick, First Sergeant ; 
Simon Batchelder, Jr., Solomon S. Cole, 

Henry B. Stanhope, John L. Lippincott. 

Corimrals. 
George H. Downs, Frank H. Brown, 

Isaac N. Glidden. 
Samuel Babb, Wagoner. 

Company F. 

Thomas Clark, Captain. 

Joseph 0. Smith, Second Lieutenant. 



AFTER THE SURRENDER. 341 

Sergeants. 
Joseph H. Estes, First Sergeant ; 
William E. Feeley, John F. Arnold, 

Warren H. Moores, Sjlvanus Smith. 

Corjmrals. 
Luther Quint, James A. Feeley, 

James B. Crosby, Charles G. Fowler, 

John Meservey, John C. Gilman, 

Arthur Smith. 

Company G. 
Lewis H. Holt, Captain. 
George Payne, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Thomas T. Tabor, First Sergeant ; 
Thomas J. Holmes, Luther A. Robbins, 

Benjamin B. Coombs, George Phillips. 

Corporals. 
Everett B. Small, Charles W. Royal, 

Charles B. Chandler, Charles F. Campbell^ 

Warren Hooker, Lewis Green, 

Edward W. Bowman, Wallace C. Young. 

Company H. 
Albert Maxfield, Captain. 
Charles H. Scott, First Lieutenant. 
Josiah F. Keene, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
Seth A. Ramsdell, First Sergeant ; 
Albert L. Rankin, Nathan J. Dumphey, 

Isaac W. AVardwell, Joseph F. Stevens. 

Corporals. 
John F. Wedgewood, Benjamin F. Dumphey^ 

William Emerson, Matthew R. Holt, 

Melville Ricker. 

Company L 
Robert Brady, Jr., First Lieutenant. 



342 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Sergeants. 
Samuel B. Haskell, First Sergeant ; 
John A. Monk, William H. Dunham, 

Alouzo R. Stewart. 

Corporals. 
John O'Connell, James N. Perkins. 

Company K. 

Ellery D. Perkins, Captain. 
Robert H. Scott, First Lieutenant. 
Philip H. Andrews, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeants. 
George P. Blaisdell, First Sergeant ; 
John F. Buzzell, Adelbert P. Chick, 

Charles Watson, Judson W. Barden. 

Corporals. 
Samuel Buzzell, Horace W. Tilden, 

James Hersey. 

ORIGINAL MEMBERS MUSTERED OUT WITH 
REGIMENT. 

Field and Staff. 
Colonel Jonathan A. Hill, 
Major Henry C. Adams, 
Sergeant-Major Horace A. Mauley, 
Quartermaster Sergeant George F. Osborne, 
Commissary Sergeant Joseph G. Ricker, 
Hospital Steward George B. Noyes, 
Principal Musician Waldena F. Peters. 

Company A. 
First Lieutenant Judson L. Young, 
Sergeant Robert Doyle, 

John A. Brackett,* 
Private Mitchell Nadeau. 

Company C. 

Sergeant Henry Albee.* 

* Joined at Washington, D. C. 



after the surrender. 343 

Company D. 
Captain William H. H. Frje, 
First Lieutenant Nelson 11. Norris, 
First Sergeant Timothy McGraw, 
Corporal Jotham S. Annis, 
Private John AV. Day, 

" Prince E. Dunifer, 

" John Longley. 

Company E. 
Captain George W. Small, 
First Sergeant George W. Chick, 
Sergeant John N. Weymouth, 

" Simon Batchelder, Jr., 

" Solomon S. Cole, 

" Henry B. Stanhope, 
Corporal Elias H. Frost, 
Wagoner Samuel Babb. 

Company F. 
Captain Thomas Clark, 
First Sergeant Joseph H. Estes. 

Company G. 
Captain Lewis H. Holt, 
Second Lieutenant George Payne, 
First Sergeant Thomas T. Tabor, 
Sergeant Daniel Burgess, 

" Stephen H. Emerson, 

" Henry B. Rogers, 

" Thomas J. Holmes, 

" Luther A. Bobbins, 

" Benjamin B. Coombs, 
Corporal Charles W. Royal, 

" Charles F. Campbell, 

" Wallace C. Young, 
Private John F. Clark, 

" Albert Garland, 

" George W. Ham or, 

" Henry H. Higgins, 
'* Charles A. Jaquith, 



344 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Private Charles A. Jones, 
" Herod V. Totman, 
" Wilbert C. White, 
" Alpheus S. Wooster. 

Company H. 
Captain Albert Maxfield,* 
First Lieutenant Charles H. Scott, 
Second Lieutenant Josiah F. Keene, 
First Sergeant Seth A. Ramsdell, 
Sergeant Albert L. Rankin, 

" Nathan J. Dumphey, 

" Joseph F. Stevens, 
Corporal John F. Wedgewood, 

" Benjamin F. Dumphey, 

" William Emerson, 

*' Melville Kicker, 
Private George 0. Johnson, 

" Thomas McPherson. 

Company I. 
First Lieutenant Robert Brady, Jr., 
First Sergeant Samuel B. Haskell, 
Sergeant John A. Monk, 

" Alonzo R. Stewart,* 
Corporal James N. Perkins,* 
Private Isaac Kimball, 

'' Foster J. Leighton,* 

" William Rogers. 

Company K. 
First Lieutenant Robert H. Scott, 
First Sergeant George P. Blaisdell,* 
Sergeant John F. Buzzell, 

Adelbert P. Chick,* 
'' Charles Watson, 
'^ Jndson L. Bardcn,* 
Corporal Samuel Buzzell, 
Private Edmund H. Shaw. 

Total, 79. 

* Joined at Washington, D. C. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 

Field. 

General John C. Caldwell entered service as Colonel ; promoted 
to Brigadier-General May 4, 18G2 ; after General 0. 0. Howard 
was wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., assigned to the command of 
Howard's brigade. In the Seven Days' battles before Richmond 
his brigade occupied important positions at Savage Station, Peach 
Orchard, and White Oak Swamp ; also at Antietam and Freder- 
icksburg, where he received two slight wounds. He was in com- 
mand of the 1st Division, 2d Corps, at Chanccllorsville and 
Gettysburg, and after Generals Hancock and Gibbon were 
wounded commanded the 2d Corps on the field of Gettysburg. 
He was in command of the 1st Division, 2d Corps, at Rappa- 
hannock Station and up to Mine Run. He was relieved at his 
own request of the command of the division at Brandy Station, 
before the movement of 1864 ; detailed as President of a Military 
Commission in Washington, where he served until mustered out 
of service with the rank of Major-General of Volunteers by brevet. 
He was detailed as one of the guard of honor during the public 
obsequies at the burial of President Lincoln, and accompanied the 
remains to Springfield, HI. After the war he was a member of 
the Maine Senate ; Adjutant-General of the State of Maine in 
1867 ; Consul at Valparaiso, Chili, in 1869 ; from 1873 to 1882 
Minister to Uruguay and Paraguay ; in 1885, having removed to 
Kansas, was President of the Board of Pardons of that State. 

General Harris M. Plaisted entered service as Lieutenant- 
Colonel ; promoted to Colonel, May 12, 1862 ; to Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, by brevet, Feb. 21, 1865, and to Major-General, by brevet, 
March 13, 1865. While at Fcrnandina, Fla., commanded the 
post, and while on Morris Island, S. C, commanded the brigade. 
He also commanded the brigade the most of the time in the great 
campaign of 1864. (See sketch of regiment.) A member of the 
Maine Legislature in 1867 and 1868 ; Attorney-General of Maine 
in 1873, 1874, and 1875 ; a Member of the 44th Congress, and 



346 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Governor of the State of Maine in 1881 and 1882. Since July, 
1883, Las been editor of I'he New Age at Augusta, Me. 

General Jonathan A. Hill entered service as Captain of Co. K ; 
promoted to Major, June 7, 1864 ; to Lieutenant-Colonel, June 
25, 1864; to Colonel, April 5, 1865; and to Brigadier-General, 
by brevet, April 9, 1865. He commanded the regiment most of the 
time from June 2, 1864, to August 16, 1864. At Deep Eun, Va., 
he was severely wounded, and lost his right arm. He returned 
to the regiment in November, 1864, and was in command until 
the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865, where 
he was again wounded. After the surrender of Lee he served as 
President of a Military Commission in Richmond, Va., after 
which he was in command of the N. W. District of Virginia, with 
headquarters at Lynchburg, and later in command of the N. E. 
District of Virginia, with headquarters at Fredericksburg. (See 
sketch of regiment.) At present is a director in the Union 
Tanning Co. of Pennsylvania. 

Lieutenant-Colonel William M. Shaw, at the beginning of the 
war, was an officer in the Portland Rifle Guards. He entered 
service as Captain of Co. E, 1st Maine Infantry, May 3, 1861, and 
served with that company until its muster out, Aug. 5, 1861. He 
joined the Eleventh as Major ; promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel 
May 12, 1862. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Robert F. Campbell entered service as 
Captain of Co. C ; promoted to Major, May 12, 1862 ; to Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel, Sept. 12, 1862. His military career began in the 
Maine Militia as Ensign of the Cherryfield Light Infantry, w'ith 
which he served in the Aroostook War of 1837. He was after- 
wards Captain of the same company, until it disbanded. At the 
Battle of Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, he commanded that 
portion of the Eleventh which was with the colors. Died at 
Cherryfield, Me. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow P. Spofford entered service as 
Captain of Co. G ; promoted to Major, Sept. 16, 1862 ; to 
Lieutenant-Colonel, Nov. 10, 1863. Was mortally wounded while 
in command of the regiment at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 
1864. Died of wounds at Fortress Monroe, Va., June 17, 1864. 
One of the batteries on the Bermuda Hundred front named in his 
honor. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 347 

General Charles P. Baldwin entered service as Captain of Co. 
(new) B ; promoted to Major, July 3, 1864 ; to Lieutenant-Colonel, 
April 5, 1805. While the regiment was at Morris Island, S. C, 
during the siege of Fort Sumter, he commanded a battery of 13- 
inch mortars at tlie north end of the island. He was twice 
■wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 18G4, once severely. 
He recovered from his wounds sufficiently to return to the regi- 
ment in November, 1864. During the winter of 1864-65 he was 
Judge Advocate of a Court Martial, and also a member of the 
board for the examination of officers commissioned by the Gov- 
ernors of States. He was severely wounded at Hatcher's Kun, 
Va., April 1, 1865. He was promoted to Colonel, by brevet, " for 
galLant and meritorious conduct in the Battle of Deep Bottom, 
Va., Aug. 14, 1864," and to Brigadier-General, by brevet, ''for 
gallant and meritorious service at the Battle of Hatcher's Run, 
Va., April 1, 1865." He served as President of a Board of Claims, 
and President of a Military Commission from July 1, 1865, until 
ordered to be mustered out. He was examined by a board of 
officers appointed to examine applicants for positions in the regu- 
lar army, and was recommended for the position of Captain. 

Major Henry C. Adams entered service as Commissary Ser- 
geant ; promoted to Sergeant-Ma jor, Sejit. 16, 1862 ; to Second 
Lieutenant of Co. G, April 27, 1863 ; to First Lieutenant of 
Co. G, Jan. 6, 1864 ; to Captain of Co. G, Dec. 17, 1864 ; to Major, 
April 25, 1865. In addition to the duties of his own position, he 
performed the duties of Quartermaster Sergeant from May 31, 
1862, to Sept. 16, 1862, and the duties of Regimental Quartermaster 
from July 4, 1862, to Aug. 18, 1862. Detailed as Post Commissary 
at Fernanilina, Fla., from Aug. 14, 1863, to Oct. 15, 1863. One 
of the officers detailed to accompany the reenlisted men to Maine 
on their veteran furlough in February, 1864. Detailed as Staff 
Commissary at Headquarters, Army of the James, from May 23, 
1864, to Dec, 1864 ; commanded the right wing of the regiment 
in the campaign of 1865 ; in command of the regiment at Appo- 
mattox, Va., after Colonel Hill was wounded on the morning of 
April 9, 1S65, and most of the time while the regiment was sta- 
tioned at Richmond, Va. When the regiment was ordered to the 
Northeastern District of Virginia he commanded the Sub-Dis- 
trict of Fauquier, with headquarters at Warrenton, and later 
relieved General Harris, commander of the Northeastern Dis- 



348 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

trict, which he commanded until relieved by General Hill, after 
which he commanded the Sub-District of Eappahannock, with 
headquarters at Fredericksburg, until ordered to be mustered out. 

Staff. 

Captain Charles J. Pennell, at the commencement of the war, 
was an officer in the Mechanic Blues of Portland, Me. He 
entered service as First Lieutenant of Company B, 1st Maine 
Infantry, May 3, 1861, and served with that company until its 
muster out, Aug. 5, 1861. He joined the Eleventh as Adjutant. 
After leaving the Eleventh, was First Lieutenant of the Portland 
Mechanic Blues from Sept. 18, 1869, to April 27, 1871, and Cap- 
tain of the same company from April 23, 1873, to June 18, 1877. 

Adjutant Harrison Hume entered service as Sergeant-Major ; 
promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. I, May 11, 1862, and to 
Adjutant, May 31, 1862. He was a member of the Maine Senate 
in the winter of 1895. 

Adjutant Henry 0. Fox entered service as Sergeant in Co. F ; 
promoted to Sergeant-Major, May 11, 1862 ; to Second Lieuten- 
ant of Co. H, Aug. 24, 1862, and to Adjutant, Oct. 1, 1862. 
Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. He acted as Assist- 
ant Adjutant- General on the staff of Colonel Plaisted while the 
regiment was at Fernandina, Fla., and as Assistant Inspector- 
General of the troops at Fernandina, Fla., from Aug. 18, 1863, to 
Oct. 6, 1863. After leaving the Eleventh, was appointed First 
Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 4th U. S. Vols., Nov. 1, 1864 
(a regiment organized from rebel prisoners), and served in the 
Far West until mustered out at Leavenworth, Kan., June 18, 
1866. 

Adjutant Sanford Hanscom entered service as First Lieutenant 
of the 8th Co. Unassigned Maine Volunteers, which was assigned 
to the Eleventli ; promoted to Adjutant, April 26, 1865. When 
the regiment was ordered to the Northeastern District of Vir- 
ginia, was assigned to duty on the staff of General Thomas M. 
Harris, commanding the District as Acting Assistant Adjutant 
General. 

Quartermaster Ivory J. Robinson entered service as Quarter- 
master. He died while on sick leave. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES, 349 

Quartermaster John Ham entered service as Quartermaster. 
He resigned at Morris Island, S. C. 

Quartermaster William H. H. Andrews entered service as pri- 
vate ; promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant, Sept. 10, 1862 ; to 
First Sergeant of Co. E, Nov. 1, 1862 ; to Quartermaster Ser- 
geant, May 1, 1863, and to First Lieutenant and Quartermaster, 
Feb. IC, 186-4. Wns commissioned Captain of Co. A, Oct. 30, 
1865, but not mustered. In the campaigns of 1864-65 he acted 
as Brigade Quartermaster most of the time. After being mus- 
tered out, ho made his home in Boston, Mass., where he was 
engaged in the practice of law. He died at Philadelphia, Pa. 

Surgeon Nathau F. Blunt Avas a graduate from the University 
Medical College, New York City. He joined the regiment at 
Chickahominy Railroad Bridge. While the regiment was at Fer- 
nandina, Fla., he was Post Surgeon, aud in charge of hospital and 
quarantine. At Morris Island, S. C, he had surgical charge of a 
brigade hospital. He was assigned to the charge of the Base 
Hospital of the 10th Army Corps in September, 1864, and later 
was Medical Inspector of the General Hospital of the Army of the 
James at Point of Eocks, Va., until mustered out. 

Surgeon Richard L. Cook, at the commencement of the war, 
was assistant physician at the Insane Hospital at Augusta, Me. 
He entered service as Assistant Surgeon ; promoted to Surgeon, 
Oct. 30, 1865. 

Assistant-Surgeon Woodman W. Royal entered service as Assist- 
ant Surgeon. 

Chaplain Caleb H. Ellis, after leaving the Eleventh, again 
entered service as Captain of Co. E, 31st Me. Infantry, Mar. 11, 
1864 ; was discharged for disability, Oct. 19, 1864. 

Chaplain James Wells was a Congregationalist, a graduate of 
the Bangor Theological Seminary. Was city missionary at Ban- 
gor, Me., from 1850-1858 ; pastor at Dedham, Me., from 1858- 
1872 (absent while Chaplain of the Eleventh) ; pastor at North- 
bridge, Mass., from 1872-1875 ; First Church, :Millbury, Mass., 
1875-1876 ; Dunbarton, N. H., 1877-1880 ; Halifax, Mass., 1880- 
1883 ; Douglass, Mass., from 1883 to date of death. 



350 the story of one regiment. 

Non-commissioned Staff. 

Captain Samuel W. Lane, before entering the Eleventh, served 
as Sergeant in Co. A, 1st Me. Cavalry, from Oct. 19, 1861, to 
Mar. 9, 1862. He Joined the Eleventh as private ; promoted 
to Commissary Sergeant, Oct. 10, 1862 ; to Quartermaster Ser- 
geant, Nov. 1, 1862 ; and to Sergeant-Major, May 1, 1863. Was 
commissioned Second Lieutenant of Co. D, Sept. 1, 1863, but not 
mustered. While awaiting muster he was promoted to Captain 
in the 25th U. S. Infantry Volunteers, Feb. 24, 1864. 

Sergeant-Major Elias P. Morton entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 23, 1862 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, 
Va., May 31, 1862 ; rejoined the regiment at Harrison's Landing, 
Va., July 13, 1862 ; promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 19, 1862 ; Clerk 
at Post Headquarters, Fernandina, Fla., June 13, 1863, to Oct. 6, 

1863 ; Clerk at Brigade Headquarters at Morris Island, S. C, 
Oct. to Dec, 1863 ; and Clerk at Eegimental Headquarters in 

1864 until promoted to Sergeant-Major, May 10, 1864. After 
leaving the Eleventh, was Clerk for Major S. B. Bean ; Quarter- 
master of the 1st Division, 5th Army Corps, from Feb. to June, 
1865, and at Fort Halleck, now Wjoming, from July to Dec, 
1865. 

Sergeant-Major Alexander Von Siebold entered service as pri- 
vate in Co. D ; promoted to Sergeant-Major, Nov. 18, 1864 ; 
wounded at Appomattox, Va., Apr. 9, 1865. 

Sergeant-Major Horace A. Manley entered service as private in 
Co. B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, Nov. 5, 1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 8, 1864 ; promoted to Ser- 
geant-Major, June 1, 1865 ; returned to ranks, Jan. 24, 1866. 
Was commissioned Second Lieutenant of Co. E, but not mus- 
tered. While the regiment was at Fernandina, Fla., he edited 
and published a newspaper. 

Sergeant-Major AVillard Barker entered service as private in 
Co. E, 12th Me. Infantry, Oct. 1, 1861, and was discharged 
for disability, June 19, 1863. He reenlisted in Co. A, of the 
Eleventh, Dec. 3, 1863, and joined the regiment at Morris Island, 
S. C. Promoted to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 18, 
1864 ; to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 ; and to Sergeant-Major, 
Jan. 24, 1866. Died at Fryeburg, Me. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 351 

Captain George H. Caldwell entered service as Quartermaster 
Sergeant ; promoted to Captain and A. A. G., Aug. 1, 18G2, and 
served on the staff of General John C. Caldwell at Antietam^ 
Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville ; on the staff of Colonel 
E. C. Cross, 5th New Hampshire Volunteers, at Gettysburg ; and 
on the staff of General Nelson A. Miles, in tlie Wilderness, at 
Corbin's Bridge, Tolopotomo}-, Ta, Po, Ny, Spottsylvania, Cold 
Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, and Ream's Station. He 
received three contused wounds at Fredericksburg, had his leg 
broken under the shelling which preceded Pickett's charge at 
Gettysburg, had a horse shot under him while charging a battery 
at Petersburg, and a horse shot under liim at Ream's Station. 
Taken sick at Petersburg and detailed as Recorder of a Military 
Commission in Washington, where he served until mustered out.. 
He was in Ford's Theater when President Lincoln was shot. 

Quartermaster Sergeant John Williams entered service as pri- 
vate ; promoted to Principal Musician, Sept. 10, 1862 ; returned 
to ranks in Co. B in 1863 (by order No. 126) ; promoted to Quar- 
termaster-Sergeant, Mar. 1, 1864 ; commissioned Second Lieu- 
tenant but not mustered. Died at Chelsea, Mass. 

Quartermaster Sergeant George F. Osborne entered service as 
private in Co. A ; Acting Hospital Steward of the 4th S. C. Vols, 
at Fernandina, Fla. ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; Clerk at Brigade 
Headquarters, Sept., 1864; promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant, 
June 13, 1865 ; returned to ranks in Co. A, Sept. 17, 1865. 

Quartermaster Sergeant Samuel Frye entered service as private 
in Co. A ; promoted to Corporal, July 30, 1864 ; to Sergeant, 
Jan. 1, 1865 ; and to Quartermaster Sergeant, Sept. 17, 1865. 
Wounded at Petersburg, Va., Sept. 9, 1864, and at Appomattox, 
Va., April 9, 1865. Commissioned Second Lieutenant but not 
mustered. Died at Fryeburg, Me. 

Commissary Sergeant W^illiam Wiley entered service as Ser- 
geant in Co. B ; promoted to First Sergeant, May 23, 1862 ; 
transferred to Co. G, September 1, 1862 ; promoted to Commis- 
sary Sergeant, August 1, 1864. 

Commissary Sergeant Samuel Gushing entered service as pri- 
vate in Co. B ; promoted to Corporal, October 4, 1862 ; to Ser- 
geant, Nov. 1, 1862 ; to Commissary Sergeant, Nov. 18, 1864. 

Commissary Sergeant Joseph G. Ricker entered service as 



352 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Wagoner in Co. K ; reenlisted Jan. 18, 1864 ; promoted to Com- 
missary Sergeant, June 13, 1865. 

Hospital Steward Charles P. Hubbard entered service as pri- 
vate in Co. K ; promoted to Hospital Stevrard, May 27, 1862. 
After leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. E, 1st Me. Cavalry, 
Dec. 11, 1863. Died of disease at City Point, Va., Oct. 2, 
1864, while in service. 

Hospital Steward George C. Thaxter entered service as pri- 
vate ; promoted to Hospital Steward, Sept. 10, 1862. 

Hospital Steward George B. Noyes entered seryice as Sergeant 
in Co. K ; discharged Sept. 25, 1862 ; reenlisted as Hospital 
Steward, Feb. 25, 1864. 

Principal Musician Sylvester C. Moody entered service. May 
3, 1861, as Sergeant in Co. E, 1st Me. Infantry ; mustered out 
with that regiment, Aug. 5, 1861 ; entered the Eleventh as Princi- 
pal Musician. After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted as First 
Sergeant in the 26th unassigned company, which later became 
Co. D, 1st Battalion of Infantry, and served from April 5, 1865, 
to April 5, 1866. 

Principal Musician Joseph Webb entered service as private in 
Co. C ; promoted to Principal Musician, May 3, 1862 ; returned 
to ranks in 1863 ; again promoted to Principal Musician, Nov. 1, 
1863. 

Principal Musician Abner Brooks entered service as Musician in 
Co. K ; promoted to Principal Musician, Nov. 1, 1863. 

Principal Musician Samuel Clark entered service as private in 
Co. D ; promoted to Principal Musician, Nov. 18, 1864. 

Principal Musician Sidney F. Downing entered service as pri- 
vate in Co. F ; promoted to Principal Musician, March 1, 1865. 

Principal Musician Gilbert Getchell entered service as private 
in Co. B ; promoted to Principal Musician, Sept. 1, 1865. 

Principal Musician Waldena F. Peters entered service as pri- 
vate in Co. G ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; promoted to Principal 
Musician, June 15, 1865. 

Band. 
Roscoe G. Buck, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as 
Principal Musician in the 29th Me. Infantry, Feb. 7, 1864 ; dis- 
charged for disability in 1864. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 353 

Josepli M. Fuller, after leaviug the Eleventh, reenlisted as 
Bugler in Co. C, ^d Me. Cavalry ; mustered out with that regi- 
ment, Dec. G, 18G5. 

Joseph E. M. Huntress, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
as private in Co. B, 29tli Me. Infantry, Jan. 6, 1864 ; died of 
disease at New Orleans, La., Aug. 25, 1864. 

Thomas K. Jones, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as pri- 
vate in Co. B, 17th Me. Infantry, Feb. 12, 18G4, and was trans- 
ferred to Co. H, 17th Me. Infantry, and again transferred to Co. 
H, 1st Me. H. A., June 4, 1865, as a musician, and mustered out 
with that regiment. 

Hon. James M. Larrabee since leaving the army has been 
honored with numerous civil offices. He has been a member and 
president of the Common Council and Board of Aldermen of 
Gardiner. For five years was City Collector and Treasurer, also- 
assessor and overseer of the poor. For twenty-five years he has- 
been one of the superintending School Committee, and from 1894 
to the present time Superintendent of the schools. In July,. 
1885, appointed, by Covernor Robie, Judge of the Police Court 
of the city of Gardiner for four years, and twice reappointed. 
Judge Larrabee has always been interested in educational matters 
and himself has been a close student since leaving school. He 
has been a prominent Mason, and has served as Master of the 
Lodge, High Priest of the Chapter, Master of the Council and 
Commander of the Commandery in his own city, and also as Grand 
High Priest of the Grand Chapter and Deputy Grand Com- 
mander of the Grand Commandery of Maine. He was one of the 
charter members of Heath Post, and still retains his membership.. 

William Libby, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. C, 
29th Me. Infantry, as private, February 16, 1864 ; discharged for 
disability, April 5, 1866. 

George B. Safford, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as: 
private in Co. C, 29th Me. Infantry ; promoted to Corporal, 
and discharged for disability. 

Benjamin W. Storer, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as 
private in Co. E, 29th Me. Infantry, Jan. 7, 1864. Died of 
disease at Winchester, Va., Oct. 28, 1864. 
23 



354 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Company A. 

Captain Woodbury S. Pennell was a member of the Mechanic 
Bhies of Portland, on the breaking out of the war, and went 
with that company — B of the 1st Me. Infantry — as Sergeant, 
April 27, 1861, and was mustered out Aug. 5, 1861. He enlisted 
a number of men for the Eleventh, and was mustered as Captain 
of Co. A. Eesigned on account of disability. After leaving the 
Eleventh, reenlisted, March 1, 1865, as private in the 11th unas- 
signed Co. which was assigned to the 12th Me. Infantry, and 
was mustered out with that regiment at Savannah, Ga., March 6, 
1866. 

Captain Randall Libby, 2d, was the original Second Lieutenant 
of Co. A ; promoted to Captain, May 11, 1862 ; commanded the 
company with high credit to himself throughout the Peninsula 
campaign. From Carolina City, Jan. 4, 1863, he was obliged to go 
to the General Hospital at Beaufort, N. C, and never rejoined 
the regiment. He resigned, by reason of disability, March 24, 
1863, and died at his home in Porter, Me., May 7, 1871, of con- 
sumption contracted in service. 

Captain Melville M. Folsom was the original First Lieutenant 
of Co. K ; was appointed Inspecting Oflficer of the Post at Fer- 
naudina, Fla., Aug. 7, 1863, and Acting Regimental Quarter- 
master at Black Island, S. C, Feb. 12, 1864 ; April 25, 1864, was 
.assigned to command of Co. D, only acting a short time ; pro- 
moted to Captain, Co. A, May 4, 1864 ; at Bermuda Hundred, 
Va., June 2, 1864, his company was left-reserve picket, and when 
the line to his left was broken, he deployed his company so as to 
.secure the flank and rear of the regiment and obstinately main- 
tained his position until the regiment had time to withdraw to 
its new line, losing one killed and thirteen wounded, four 
mortally, of Co. A. On July 3, 1864, he was detached with his 
company as part of the garrison below Four Mile Creek ; on 
,Sept. 15, 1864, was ordered to Maine, for fifteen days, for 
recruits for the regiment ; mustered out at expiration of term of 
service, Nov. 18, 1864. He participated in every engagement of 
the regiment during his three years without receiving a wound. 

Captain Charles A. Rolfe entered service as private in (new) 
Co. B, which joined the regiment at Yorktown, Va., Sept. 26, 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 355 

1862 ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 26, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 
1, 1862 ; to 2d Lieutenant of Co. A, July 7, 1864. He com- 
manded Co. B until December, 1864 ; also commanded Co. I from 
Nov. 2, 1864, to Dec. 17, 1864 ; promoted to Captain of Co. A, 
Dec. 17, 1864. Participated in every skirmish and engagement, 
raid or reconnoissance, in which tlie Eleventh took part, from the 
date of joining it until the final wind up at Appomattox, Va,, 
and received neither wound nor scratch. 

Major Sylvanus B. Bean's first military service was in the 
Madawaska "War, in 1839, as Orderly Sergeant of Captain Z. 
Gibson's company of artillery. In October, 1861, at his home 
in Brownfield, he enlisted twenty-one men from that and adjoin- 
ing towns for the Eleventh, and entered service as 1st Lieutenant 
of Co. A ; detached on recruiting service in Maine in January, 
1862 ; was detached for service as mail agent in the Quarter- 
master's Department, Army of the Potomac, April 27, 1862, and 
resigned to accept ])romotion as Captain and A. Q. M. of Vols., 
and was assigued to duty with the Artillery Eeserve, Army of the 
Potomac ; and later to General G. R. Paul's brigade, 1st Army 
Corps, and in July, 1863, was serving as Assistant Quartermaster 
of General Baxter's brigade at Gettysburg ; in July, 1864, as- 
signed to the 1st Division, 5th Army Corps, where he served 
until July, 1865, when he was ordered to report to Captain P. T. 
Turnley, A. Q. M., at Denver, Col., and by him ordered to Fort 
Halleck, now Wyoming, as A. Q. M. and A. C. S. of that post. 
In December he relieved Captain Turnley at Denver, and in April, 
1866, was ordered home to be mustered out. He was brevetted 
Major and A. Q. M., March 13, 1865, "•' for faithful and merito- 
rious services during the war." 

Lieutenant Judson L. Young entered service as Sergeant; 
reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 18, 
1864 ; promoted 1st Sergeant, Sept. 16, 1864 ; 2d Lieutenant, 
Dec. 18, 1864 ; and 1st Lieutenant, Co. A, April 25, 1865. As 
Sergeant he acted 1st Sergeant from May 31, 1862, to Nov., 
1862, and from July 15, 1863, to July 10, 1864. As Lieutenant 
he commanded Co. D from Feb., 1865, to March, 1865, and from 
April 16, 1865, to June 12, 1865, when he took command of Co. 
A, which command he retained until mustered out. When the 
regiment was ordered to the N. E. District of Va., Lieutenant 



356 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Young was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal and Assistant 
Superintendent of Freedmen for Fauquier County, with head- 
quarters at Warrentou, and later was Provost Marshal and As- 
sistant Superintendent of Freedmen for Spottsylvania County, 
holding alternate sessions of the Freedmen's Court at Spottsylvania 
C, H. and the city of Fredericksburg. 

Lieutenant Charles E. Poor was an original Corporal of Co. A; 
promoted to Sergeant, May 31, 1862 ; to 1st Sergeant, Nov. 1, 
1863 ; commissioned 2d Lieutenant, June 23, 1863, but on 
account of the smallness of the company not mustered until Feb- 
ruary, 1864. Kesigned on account of disability, July 1, 1864-, and 
died at his home of disease contracted in the service. 

Colonel Lewis W. Campbell entered the service at Machias, Me., 
Aug. 4, 1862, as private, and joined Co. B, 11th Me. Vols., Sep- 
tember, 1862, at Yorktown, Va. ; promoted to First Sergeant, 
Sept. 8, 1862 ; wounded May 17, 1864, at Bermuda Hundred, 
Va. ; wounded Aug. 16, 1864, at Deep Run, Va. ; absent at hos- 
pital, Philadelphia, five months ; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., 
March 31, 1865, and again at Appomattox, Va. At Lee's surren- 
der, had a narrow escape by having handkerchief cut from under 
his chin. Promoted to 2d Lieutenant, Co. A, March 29, 1865. 
During summer of 1865, at different times was in command of 
Co. A ; Aug. 22, 1865, in command of Co. E ; Nov. 30, 1865, 
was detailed as A. A. A.-General at headquarters, Sub-District of 
Fauquier, Warrentou, Va. ; about January 13, 1866, assigned in 
charge of Freedmen's Bureau at Culpeper Court House ; served 
on several Boards of Survey and Inquest at different points ; mus- 
tered out of service, Feb. 13, 1865, at Augusta, Me., having 
served three years, six months, and thirteen days ; commissioned 
as Aid-de-camp, with the rank of Colonel, on the staff of the Gov- 
ernor of Minnesota, July 10, 1896. 

First Sergeant Dexter Walker entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1864 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865, 
and to First Sergeant, Jan. 24, 1866. 

Sergeant William H. Kalor entered service as Second Sergeant 
of Company A ; detached in Signal Corps, Dec. 24, 1861 ; re- 
turned to regiment at Fernandina, Fla., September, 1863 ; served 
on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. ; again detached in Sig- 
nal Corps, March 12, 1864 ; mustered out of Signal Corps at 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 357 

Hilton Head, S. C, Nov. 11, 1864, at expiration of bis term of 
service. Died tit Portland, Me. 

Lieutenant William H. Broad entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 24, 1863 ; to Sergeant, May 11, 1862 ; 
and discbarged for disability, Oct. 2, 1862. After leaving tbe 
Eleventb be again entered service as First Lieutenant of tbe 7th 
California Infantry, Dec. 7, 1864, and served until June 28, 
1866. He served in Arizona from May 1, 1865, to June 1, 1866. 

Sergeant William G. Lee entered service as private ; promoted 
to Sergeant, May 12, 1862 ; returned to ranks, April 3, 1863 ; 
promoted to Corporal, May 18, 1863 ; on special duty in Ambu- 
lance Corps, Aug., 1862, to Feb., 1863 ; Clerk at Headquarters, 1st 
Brigade, and in Quartermaster's Department, Feniandina, Fla., 
May, 1863, to Dec, 1863, and at Headquarters, 2d Brigade, 1st 
Division, in 1864 till mustered out. 

Sergeant Anjavine W. Gray entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, June 30, 1862. 

Sergeant James F. Smith entered service as private ; promoted 
to Cori)oral, May 31, 186--i ; to Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1862. 

Sergeant James R. Stone entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 10, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Dec. 15, 1862. He 
acted as First Sergeant much of tbe time in 1863 and 1864. 

Sergeant Eobert Doyle entered service as Corporal in Co. I ; 
promoted to Sergeant, March 24, 1862 ; transferred tt) Co. A, July 
1, 1863 ; reenlisted, Feb. 24, 1864 ; on artillery service at Morris 
Island, S. C; returned to tbe ranks, Nov. 6, 1864; on Provost 
Guard duty, March, 1865. Died at Togus, Me. 

Sergeant James Andrews entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted, Feb. 24, 1S64 ; promoted 
to Sergeant, April 28, 1864; mortally wounded at Bermuda Hun- 
dred, Va., June 2, 1864, Died at Fortress Monroe, Va., July 30, 
1864, and is buried at Hamilton, Va. 

Sergeant George A. Bakeman was out with tbe 1st Me. Infantry 
as Captain's servant, as be was not allowed to enlist on account 
of age. He entered the Eleventh as Corporal ; wounded at Fair 
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; reenlisted, Feb. 24, 1864 ; on artillery 
service at Morris Island, S. C, at tbe mortar batteries, and at 
Fort Purviance ; promoted to Sergeant, 'Maj 26, 1864. Killed in 



358 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT, 

action at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864, and was buried on the 
field where he fell, " one of the bravest of the brave." 

Sergeant Charles I. Wood entered service as private ; on artil- 
lery service at Morris Island, S. 0. ; reenlisted, Jan. 4, 1864 ; 
promoted to Corporal, May 27, 1864 ; to Sergeant, July 30, 1864 ; 
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; mortally wounded at 
Fort Whitworth, April 2, 1865. 

Sergeant Albert 0. Jordan entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1864 ; and to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Sergeant John P. Stevens entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; and to Sergeant, May 29, 1865. 

Sergeant John A. Brackett first enlisted in Sept., 1861, but 
parental authority interposed to prevent his being mustered into 
service at that time. Subsequently, in response to his entreaties, 
his parents so far yielded as to offer no further objections, though 
their consent was never gained, and he enlisted Feb. 4, 1862, 
joining the regiment at Carver Barracks previous to its having 
seen any actual service, and was, therefore, virtually an original 
member of the organization. Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 
31, 1862, haviug arisen from a sick bed to participate in that 
action. Reenlisted Feb. 29, 1864 ; again wounded at Darbytown 
Road, Opt. 13, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1864, and 
immediately detailed to the Color Guard, where he remained 
until promoted to Sergeant, June 12, 1865. He was mustered 
out with the regiment, Feb. 2, 1866. Sergeant Brackett was 
born Dec. 12, 1846, and consequently has the distinction of being 
the youngest member of the regiment who reenlisted and served 
to the close of the war ; indeed, it may be doubted if another can 
be found in any regiment who enlisted at his age and carried a 
musket throughout four years of service. 

Sergeant Edgar A. Stevens joined Co. A at Morris Island in 
January, 1864 ; was promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Ser- 
geant, Sept. 17, 1865 ; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1» 
1865. 

Sergeant Asa L. Mclntire joined at Morris Island, S. C. ; was. 
wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864 ; on special 
duty in Quartermaster's Department, February, 1865 ; i)romoted 
to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1865, and to Sergeant, Jan. 4, 1866. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 359 

Sergeant Amandel Barbour, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed in Co. C, 29th Me. Infantry, Nov. 30, 1863 ; was promoted 
to Corporal, March 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, May 10, 1865, and 
mustered out at Hilton Head, S. C, June 21, 1866. 

Corporal Samuel Warren entered service as private ; was pro- 
moted to Corporal, March 26, 1862 ; severely wounded at Fair 
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 — arm practically destroyed. 

Corporal James B. Goldthwait entered service as private, and 
was promoted to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Corporal Sylvester Stone entered service as private ; was pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 7, 1864 ; severely wounded at Bermuda 
Hundred, Va., June 18, 1864 (bullet lodging near spine), and 
mustered out Nov. 18, 1864. He partially recovered from his 
wound, but it broke out again, and he died from its effects. 

Corporal Joseph L. Mitchell entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 7, 1864. 

Corporal Joseph W. Tibbetts entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 7, 1864. 

Corporal Charles L. Jordan joined the regiment at Carver 
Barracks, Washington, D. C; promoted to Corporal, Feb. 7, 
1864. On artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. 

Corporal George W. Thompson joined the regiment at Morris 
Island, S. C. ; promoted to Corporal, May 26, 1864 ; severely 
wounded in arm and leg at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 
1864. Died at Fryeburg, Me. 

Corporal Henry A. Gammon entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, July 9, 1864. Died at Gilead, Me. 

Corporal Thomas D. Taintor, Jr., entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, Aug. 16, 1864. 

Corporal Erastus J. Mansur entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, September 13, 1864. 

Corporal Joseph H. Johnson entered service as private ; 
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, Oct. 13, 1864. 

Corporal Frank C. Stevens entered service as private ; jsro- 
moted to Corporal, June 1, 1865. 

Corporal John Cotter entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, May 20, 1865. 



<360 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Coi'iDoral Benjamin G. Seavey entered service as private in Co. 
H, 23d Me. Infantry, Sept. 10, 1862. Mustered out July 15, 
1863, he reenlisted in the Eleventh and joined the regiment at 
Morris Island, S. C. ; was Orderly at Department Headquarters, 
December, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, June 12, 1865. 

Corporal Charles E. Harmon entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, June 12, 1865 ; returned to ranks, Nov. 9, 
1865. 

Corporal Henry Hull entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal Lewis C. Hobbs entered service as private ; served as 
Brigade Sharpshooter under Lieutenant Payne in the campaign of 
1865 ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 17, 1865. 

Corporal Peter M. Casey entered service as private ; j^romoted 
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1866. 

Musician Eufus A. Flye died at Unity, Me. 

Wagoner Augustus S. Davis, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed Sept. 10, 1862, .as private in Co. E, 24th Me. Infantry; 
discharged Aug. 25, 1863. 

Wagoner Samuel S. Hinckley entered service as private ; ap- 
pointed Wagoner, May, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed March 27, 1865, in the 28th unassigned infantry; discharged. 
May 17, 1865. 

Baker, Elisha S., died at Winthrop, Me. 

Bean, Daniel A., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; 
detached in Quartermaster's Department with his father. Major 
Bean, June, 1862, to May, 1864 ; rejoined the company at Ber- 
muda Hundred, Va., and in the action of June 2d was shot 
through both thighs, and died in hospital at Hampton, Va., 
June 6, 1864. The G. A. K. Post in his native town of Brown- 
field, Me., is named for him. 

Bickford, Cyrus L., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Brooks, John H., died on his way home after being discharged. 

Burton, Francis M., was on artillery duty at Morris Island, 
S. C; wounded and prisoner at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; 
paroled and sent to Annapolis, Md. Died in Hope Valley, R. I. 

Bibber, Benjamin P., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, 
and at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 361 

Ballard, John, was Company Cook for nearly all his term of 
service. Died at Oldtown, Me. 

Buswell, William L., \younded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 2, 1864. 

Boston, Benjamin F., wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 

Butler, Daniel 0., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 

18G4. 

Bailey, Joseph L., wounded at Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 13, 
1864. 

Bowdenstein, Josef, wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 
1865. 

Collins, Edward F., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862. 

Crocker, Nelson C, reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864, and wounded at 
Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. Leg amputated. 

Carter, James, was on duty in the Regimental Quartermaster's 
Department from April, 1865. Died at Oxen Hill, Md. 

Carson, Grandison, lost three fingers from his right hand in 
line of duty. He was Millman at Department Headquarters, 
February, 1865. 

Cook, Thomas D., mortally wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
Va., June 2, 1864. 

Gushing, Stillman, detailed as AVagoner at Division Head- 
quarters, May 19, 1864. Died in Massachusetts. 

Campbell, John, died in Minnesota. 

Crombie, Joseph C, served as Brigade Sharpshooter under 
Lieutenant Payne in the campaign of 1865. 

Doyle, Michael, on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C; 
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Day, Augustus, died at Brownfield, Me. 

Eastman, Hiram W. K., served in the Ambulance Corj^s from 
May 3, 1864, to May 4, 1865. 

Edwards, Louis E., died at Galveston, Tex. 

Frye, Stephen F., died at Fryeburg, Me. 

Flanders, Enoch, died at Penobscot, Me. 

Goldthwait, William, died at Bridgton, Me. 



362 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Gilman, Hezekiah, served as Brigade Sharpshooter under Lieu- 
tenant Payne in the campaign of 1865. 

Gomery, Aaron, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 
1864 ; mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Hodsdon, Charles S. B., severely wounded at Deep Run, Va., 
Aug. 16, 1864. 

Hartford, William H., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 2, 1864. Died at Wells, Me. 

Heald, William S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 
18, 1864. 

Harris, Frederick G., mortally wounded at Appomattox, Va., 
April 9, 1865. 

Hinkley, Haskell AV., died at Bluehill, Me. 
Johnson, Albert A., died at Chicago, 111. 

Jewett, Joseph B., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 
2, 1864. 

Johnston, Charles, on duty in the Quartermaster's Department 
from Jan. 1, 1865. 

Kenniston, Samuel E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
Aug. 27, 1863, in Co. H, 4th Me. Infantry, and died at Washing- 
ton, D. C, of wounds received in action. May 29, 1864. 

Kenniston, Watson, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
^ Lynch, George, on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. 
Died at Augusta, Me. 

Lary, Jonas G., died at Gilead, Me. 

Miles, Charles E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
C, 1st Me. Veterans, Aug. 18, 1864 ; mustered out at Defenses of 
Washington, June 16, 1865. Died at Oldtown, Me. 

Miles, George 0., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 2d 
Me. Cavalry, Nov. 17, 1863 ; as Sergeant, mustered out at Bar- 
rancas, Fla., Dec. 6, 1865. 

Mace, Andrew C, the first man killed in the regiment, also the 
first killed in Casey's division. 

Morrison, David, mortally wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 
31, 1862. 

Moore, Calvin D., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Shot through chest. Died at Haverhill, Mass. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 363 

Maloney, John, entered service in Co. F ; transferred to Co. 
A, May, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. F, 
29th Me. Infantry, Jan. 1, 1864 ; died of disease at Darlington, 
S. C, while in service. 

Mills, Edward W., killed on the railroad at Augusta, Me. 

McFarland, Daniel Y., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 2, 1864. Eight arm amputated. 

McFarland, Thomas, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 3, 1864. 

Mahomet, Abel, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Monroe, Frederick 0., died at York, Pa. 

Noyes, Frank E., on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. 
After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted Dec. 15, 1866, in the 
United States Army as Frank E. Varden, and was assigned to 
Troop I, 7th Cavalry. Discharged and reenlisted May 26, 1872, 
and appointed First Sergeant, Killed with General Custer at 
Battle of Little Big Horn, Montana. 

Noonan, John, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I, 
29th Me. Infantry, Oct. 26, 1863 ; discharged at Augusta, Me., 
Aug. 28, 1865. Died at Leeds, Me. 

Nadeau, Mitchell and Peter (borne on rolls as Neddo), were 
twins from Oldtown. Mitchell reenlisted Jan. 21, 1864 ; on artil- 
lery service at Morris Island, S. C. ; wounded at Bermuda Hun- 
dred, June 2, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, June 12, 1865 ; 
returned to the ranks, Aug. 1, 1865. Peter reenlisted Jan. 4, 
1864 ; on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. Wounded at 
Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 13, 1864; left hand and right arm 
— severe. 

Orr, George A., wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 

Palmer, Charles E., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Pingree, Thomas G., discharged for disability at Augusta, Me., 
Sept. 15, 1862, and reenlisted in same compau}', Dec. 14, 1863. 
Died at Denmark, Me. 

Poor, Francis, accidentally Avounded in camp, June 8, 1864. 

Peterson, George H., died at Machiasport, Me. 

Bounds, Ezra, discharged for disability at Washington, D. C, 



364 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

July 5, 1862 ; reenlistecl in same company, Jan. 6, 1864. Died 
at Brownfield, Me. 

Rounds, Leonard P., after being transferred to the V. R. C, 
reenlisted in 14tli New Hampshire Infantry, March, 1865 ; dis- 
charged with that regiment, July 18, 1865 ; discharged from the 
V. R. C, to date March, 1865. After the war, served for six 
years in the Massachusetts Militia. 

Richardson, George H., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 16, 1864. Arm amputated. 

Small, Ruben H., mortally wounded at Deep Run, \^a., Aug. 
16, 1864. 

Struck, Henry G., wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 

Stratton, John, died at Boston, Mass. 

Smith, Eben E., severely wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 
1864. Leg amputated. 

Sites, Joseph S., wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 

Spearin, John, detailed as Millman at Department Headquar- 
ters, February, 1865. 

Tuck, Cass, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Died 
at Milton, N. H. 

Thompson, Ezra, died at Buxton, Me. 

Witham, Pbineas, wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., by the acci- 
dental discharge of his gun. May 13, 1864. 

Wood, Ira D., died at Steep Falls, Standish, Me. 

Witham, Albert N., died at Rockland, Me. 

Company B. 

Captain Nathaniel W. Cole entered service as First Lieutenant ; 
promoted to Captain, May 23, 1862. 

Colonel Charles Sellmer joined the Eleventh as First Lieuten- 
ant in Co. D, June 13, 1863, from First Sergeant, Battery D, 1st 
TJ. S. Artillery, in which he had served from Nov. 8, 1854, to 
date of joining tlie Eleventh Maine. During these nine years he 
served in Florida (taking part in Second Seminole War), Vir- 
ginia, Louisiana, and South Carolina, and was present at sur- 
render of Baton Rouge Arsenal to the State of Louisiana in 
February, 1861, declining splendid offers made him to join the 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 365 

Southern cause. Lieutenant Sellmer acted as Instructor of Ar- 
tillery to the 11th Maine, and as A. A. I. G., District of Amelia 
Island, until ordered to command a detachment of forty men 
from companies C, E, F, G, and K, 11th Maine, to serve as 
artillerists on Morris Island, S. C, during the siege of Charleston 
and Fort Wagner, manning mortar batteries and the famous 
^' Swamp Angel," which fired the first shell into the city. Upon 
the organization of the '' Army of the James " he was aiDpointed 
A. A. I. G., 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 10th Army Corps, and A. A. 
I. G., 1st Division, lOtli Army Corps, December, 1864; i)ronioted 
to Captain, Co. B, July 17, 18G4. Captain Sellmer served on the 
staff of Major-General R. S. Foster, commanding 1st Division, 
24th Army Corps, during the winter of 1864 to July, 1865, and 
as A, A. I. G., Dept. of Va., from that time to muster out of 
the regiment. He was brevetted Major for " conspicuous gal- 
lantry in the assault on Fort Gregg, Va. ,"and Lieutenant-Colonel 
for " gallant and meritorious services during the war.*' He was 
in the field from the surrender of Baton Eouge Arsenal, La., 
1861, until the war ended, with Lee's surrender; w\as twice 
wounded, though never officially reported. Appointed Second 
Lieutenant U. S. Army, Sept. 2, 1867 ; graduated at the U. S. 
Artillery School at Fortress Monroe, Va., in 1872. During his 
twenty-four years' service as a commissioned officer of the regular 
army he has served in almost every cajiacity — Commissary of 
Subsistence, Quartermaster, Adjutant, Ordnance Officer, Post 
Treasurer, Recruiting Officer, Battery Commander of heavy and 
light Artillery Batteries — in almost every State of the Unio7i. 
Retired July 31, 1891. 

Lieutenant Corydon A, Alvord, Jr., entered service as Principal 
Musician ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, Co. B, May 1, 1862, 
and to First Lieutenant, May 23, 1862 ; after the Peninsula cam- 
paign, detached and served as aid on staff of General John C. 
Caldwell. 

Lieutenant Fred T. Mason entered service as private ; promoted 
to Sergeant, Sept. 8, 1862 ; to Second Lieutenant, Oct. 31, 1862; 
to First Lieutenant, July 18, 1864 ; served as aid on staff of the 
Brigade Commander much of his time ; wounded at Appomattox, 
Va., April 9, 1865; commissioned Captain, but not mustered. 

Lieutenant James Whitney, before entering the Eleventh, served 



366 THE STORY OF OKE REGIMENT, 

as private in Co. E, 1st Me. Infautry, from May 3, 1861, to Aug. 
5, 1861. Joined Co. B as First Sergeant ; promoted to Second 
Lieutenant, May 23, 1862 ; dismissed by sentence of a G. C. M. ; 
reenlisted in Co. E, 8tli Me. Infantry, Sept. 25, 1862 ; promoted 
to Sergeant. Died at Milport, Mass. 

Lieutenant Clarence C. Frost entered service as private in Co. 
F ; promoted to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1863, to Sergeant, May 1, 1864, 
to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865, to Second Lieutenant, Co. B, 
April 16, 1865, and to First Lieutenant of Co. F, Oct. 30, 1865, 
but not mustered. In the last months of his service he served as 
Act. Asst. Adjutant- General, Dist. of N. E. Va. 

First Sergeant George Jackson entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to First Sergeant, May 1, 1865 ; 
wounded at Fort Whitworth, Va., April 2, 1865. 

First Sergeant Eobert F. Eobinson entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, June 1, 1865 ; to First Sergeant, July 1, 
1865. 

First Sergeant Charles Haney entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1865 ; to First Sergeant, Nov. 12, 1865. 

First Sergeant Henry F. Eandall entered service as private ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1866. 

Sergeant Charles A. Cooke, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed as private in Co. D, 30th Me. Infantry, Dec. 29, 1863 ; 
taken prisoner at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864, and a prisoner 
in the hands of the enemy until Oct. 23, 1864 ; mustered out with 
his regiment at Savannah, Ga., Aug. 20, 1865. 

Sergeant William A. Stackpole entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Jan. 15, 1862, and to Sergeant, May 31, 1862 ; 
died on transport Elm City, on his way north from Harrison's 
Landing, Va. 

Sergeant Alexander T. Katon entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, June 1, 1862. He carried the colors at the 
Battle of Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Died on transport on his 
way north. 

Sergeant John W. Hay ward entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Sept. 28, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1862 ; 
wounded at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. Died at Glen- 
wood, Iowa. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 367 

Sergeant Rufus M. Davis entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 26, 1862 ; to Sergeant, April 1, 1864. 

Sergeant Nathan Averill entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 26, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Nehemiah R. Maker entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1863 ; to Sergeant, May 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Harris W. Anderson entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, July 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Henry McCoy entered service as private ; promoted 
to Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1865. His true name is Francis K. House. 

Sergeant William Smith entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Aug. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1866. 

Corporal Seth C. "Welch entered service as private ; i^romoted to 
Corporal, May 12, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Savage Station, Va., 
June 29, 1862. Died in the hands of the enemy at Savage Sta- 
tion, Va., July 3, 1862. 

Corporal Jefferson H. Pike entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 16, 1862. 

Corporal Francis A. Faulkner entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Sept. 26, 1862. 

Corporal John F. Ramsdell entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Dec. 19, 1862. 

Corporal James L. Potter entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Deep Run, Va., 
Aug. 16, 1864, while serving as Color Guard. 

Corporal Joseph H. Crosby entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, July 1, 1863 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
Va., May 17, 1864. Killed in action at Appomattox, Va., April 
9, 1865. 

Corporal William Rushton entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1864; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 
14, 1864 ; wounded and taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., 
April 9, 1865. 

Corporal Henry L. Blake entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 31, 1864 ; mortally wounded at Deep Run, Va., 
Aug. 16, 1864. Died of wounds, at Beverly, N. J., Sept. 4, 1864. 



868 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Corporal Anson Crocker entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal;, June 4, 1864. 

Corporal Joseph F. Barney entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 2, 1864 ; severely wounded at Deep Eun, Va., 
Aug. 16, 1864. 

Corporal Henry A. Carter entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. 

Corporal Samuel B. Kneeland entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Aug. 1, 1865. 

Corporal George W. Rushton entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, April 10, 1865. After leaving the Eleventh, 
reeulisted in the U. S. Cavalry, and served five years. Died in 
Melissa, Collin Co., Texas. 

Corporal John S. Smith entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, April 10, 1865. 

Corporal Levi A. Coombs entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, March 1, 1865. 

Corporal Lewis S. Henderson entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1865. Died at Lagrange, Me. 

Corporal Charles C. Davis entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. Killed in action at Appomattox, Va., 
April 9, 1865. 

Corporal Michael Ryan entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Musician John S. Kelley died at Gardiner, Me. 

Musician Benjamin A. Smith died at Hallowell, Me. 

Ames, Henry C, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Annis, James B., died at South Gardiner, Me. 

Austin, Jesse, died at Beach Hill, Me. 

Bangs, Albion A., wounded and taken prisoner at Deep Run, 
Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Bean, Timothy, died at Passadumkeag, Me. 

Blackburn, John, died at Haverhill, Mass. 

Brown, Daniel S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
17, 1864. 

Bryant, Henry S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 
1864. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 369 

Campbell, James H., taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 
9, 1865. Died at Mcdford, Me. 

Carter, Charles E., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va,, June 
17, 1864 ; leg amputated. Discharged at Chester, Pa. 

Clark, Charles H., wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 2, 
1865. 

Crocker, Hanford, taken prisoner at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 
1864, and is supposed to have died in rebel prison. 

Crone, John, transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps and 
mustered out in that corps. 

Curtis, Zina, died at Enfield, Me. 

Davis, William, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 
1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Day, Jacob L., died at Wesley, Me. 

Feogodo, Emanuel S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
May 17, 1864. 

Gibbs, Locero J., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
H, 8th Me. Infantry, Oct. 29, 1862 ; wounded at Cold Harbor, 
Va., June 7, 1S64 ; promoted to Corporal and Sergeant, and mus- 
tered out at Richmond, Va., Oct. 30, 1865, at expiration of his 
term of service. 

Graffam, James, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Hodgdon, John B., died at North Windham, Me. 

Hard, Stephen A., died at Boston, Mass., on his way home 
after being discharged. 

Kenney, Frank L., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Lothrop, Ellis A., wounded at Gort Gregg, Va., April 2, 1865. 

McGibbons, John, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 
9, 1865. 

Miller, George H., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 
Arm amputated. 

Mills, Jeremiah, died at Hilton Head, S. C. 

Murphy, Patrick, the assumed name of our own ''Edward 
Kelley " ; wounded at Fort Gregg, Va., April 2, 1865. 

Niles, Samuel C, wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 
24 



870 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Prebble, Charles M., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1865. Died at Corinth, Me. 

Prescott, Hiram S., a member of Co. D, 6th New Hampshire 
Infantry; served with Co. B, of the Eleventh, for a short time. 
Died at Chicago, HI. 

Raymond, Manuel, wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Eiggs, Seth H., wounded at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 
1864. 

Rowell, George W., died at Med way. Me. 

Scott, Ezekiel, wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Smiley, Charles E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
M, IsC Me. Heavy Artillery, Dec. 29, 1863 ; killed in action at 
Spottsylvania, Va., May 19, 1864. 

Smith, Alfred, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 
Died at Weston, Me. 

Stevens, John H., died at Benton, Me., and is buried at Fair- 
field, Me. 

Tyler, Russell, a member of Co. G, 6th New Hampshire In- 
fantry ; served with the Eleventh for a short time. He returned 
to the 6th New Hampshire about June 30, 1862 ; wounded at 
Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 
24, 1862 ; reenlisted Dec. 21, 1863 ; promoted to Sergeant ; 
wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864 ; wounded at 
Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864 ; promoted to First Lieutenant, 
March 4, 1865 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; 
mustered out July 17, 1865. 

Weeks, John R., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 
18, 1864. Died at Brewer, Me. 

White, Thomas F., wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., March 31, 
1865. Arm amputated. 

Company C. 

Captain George W. Seavey entered service as First Lieutenant ; 
promoted to Captain, May 31, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh 
he reentered service as First Lieutenant of Co. D, 2d Me. Cav- 
alrv. Discharged for disal)ility. Died at Winnegan, Linn Co., 

mJ. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES, 371 

Captain Edgar A. Nickels entered service as First Sergeant ; 
promoted to First Lieutenant, May 31, 18G'2 ; to Captain, May 1, 
18G3. 

Captain Grafton Norris entered service as Private in Co. F ; 
promoted to Sergeant, September 1, 18G2 ; to Second Lieutenant, 
Co. F, May 10, 18G4 ; to First Lieutenant, Co. C, July 21, 1864 ; 
to Captain, Co. C, Dec. 17, 1864 ; commanded Co. D during the 
month of Augnst, 186-4. He was sent with a party of scouts to 
examine the ground between tlie lines at Hatcher's Run, Va., the 
night of April 1, 1865. When the regiment was ordered, to the 
N. E. District of Va., he was assigned to duty as Post Quarter- 
master at Tappahannock, and later was given command of the 
Sub-District of Fauquier, with headquarters at Warrenton, which 
position he held until mustered out. 

Lieutenant George W. Haskell entered service as private in Co. 
F ; promoted to Corporal, May 10, 1864 ; wounded at Drury's 
Bluff, Va., May 14, 1864; promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864; 
to Second Lieutenant, Co. C, Jan. 15, 1865 ; and to First Lieuten- 
ant, Co. C, July 1, 1865. When the regiment was ordered to the K. 
E. District of Virginia he was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal 
and Superintendent of Freedmen for the counties of Richmond 
and Westmoreland, with headquarters at Warsaw, until mustered 
out. 

Lieuteiuint J. William West entered service as Second Lieuten- 
ant ; he fell while bravely commanding Co. C at the Battle of Fair 
Oaks, Va., and was buried where he fell, the nearest to Richmond 
of any Union soldier who fell in that battle. Before the war 
Lieutenant West was Captain of a Volunteer Militia Company 
called the '' Silver Greys," organized at East Machias, Me., in 
1849, and disbanded in 1853. 

First Sergeant Fletcher K. Leighton entered service as Ser- 
geant ; promoted to First Sergeant, May 31, 1862. 

First Sergeant Charles W. Bridgham entered service as Corpo- 
ral ; promoted to Sergeant, May 31, 1862 ; to First Sergeant, Sept. 
27, 1862; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864; com- 
missioned Second Lieutenant, but not mustered. 

First Sergeant Gustavus Hayford entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 ; 
to First Sergeant, Mav 4, 1865. 



372 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Sergeant Adams D. Plummer, wouuded at Fair Oaks, Va., 
May 31, 1862. 

Sergeant Edwin J. Miller entered service as private ; promoted 
to Sergeant, Sept. 27, 1862 ; wounded at Darbytown Eoad, Va., 
Oct. 13, 1864. 

Sergeant James Gross entered service as Corporal, and served 
on the Color Guard ; promoted to Sergeant, May 31, 1862, and 
was selected as Color Sergeant and carried the colors of the regi- 
ment until his muster out. 

Sergeant George Weston entered service as private ; promoted 
to Sergeant, Sept. 27, 1862. 

Sergeant Thomas S. Albee entered service as Corporal; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Nov. 27, 1862. 

Sergeant Allen M. Cole entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1862 ; to Sergeant, June 1, 1863 ; wounded 
at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. Arm amputated. 

Sergeant Asa W. Googing entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 31, 1862 ; to Sergeant, May 1, 1864 ; on artil- 
lery service on Morris Island, S. C, and the "Swamp Angel." 

Sergeant Lovell L. Gardiner entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1864; to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864; 
wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 

Sergeant Charles A. Davis entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1864; to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864; wounded 
at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. Arm amputated. 

Captain Hugh McGonagle first entered service as First Ser- 
geant in Co. K, 9th Massachusetts Infantry, June 11, 1861 ; 
promoted to Second Lieutenant, Oct. 21, 1862 ; resigned Feb. 
28, 1863. He joined the Eleventh as private ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, Dec. 1, 1864; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865. After the war 
he served in the 9th Massacliusetts Infantry Militia, joining in 
1866 as Second Lieutenant, and being successively promoted to 
First Lieutenant and Captain ; he resigned Oct. 16, 1872. He 
again entered service in the Militia in May, 1875, in Co. G, 
First Battalion, Massachusetts Infantry Volunteers, and served 
until March, 1877. 

Sergeant Adolphus L. Cole entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1863 ; to Sergeant, May 1, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 373 

Sergeant Henry Miller entered service ;is private ; promoted 
to Corporal and Sergeant. 

Sergeant Henry Albee entered service as private ; reenlisted 
April 12, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, March 1, 18G5 ; to Ser- 
geant, July 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Dwight C. Rose entered service as private ; wounded 
at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; promoted to Corporal, June 
13, 1865 ; to Sergeant, July 15, 1865. 

Sergeant William C. Goodwin entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 18G5 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 10, 1865. 

Sergeant John Reed entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 8, 1865 ; wounded at 
Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 

Sergeant Charles M. Dexter entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Roswell M. Hoyt entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 31, 1862. 

Corporal Melville Cole entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, May 31, 1863 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 2, 1864. 

Corporal John A. Hammond entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Cori)oral, May 1, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., 
Aug. 14, 1864. Foot amputated. 

Corporal Edvcard Noyes entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 
1804. Arm amputated. 

Corporal James E. McGinnis entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal May 1, 1864. 

Corporal William H. Newcomb entered service as private in 
Co. B ; transferred to Co. C in 1863 ; wounded at Deep Bottom, 
Va., Aug. 14, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. 

Corporal Ruben C. Bunker entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Thomas Donahue entered service as private ; iiromoted 
to Corporal, March 1, 1865 ; mortally wounded at Fort Gregg, Va., 
April 2, 1865. 

Lieutenant Edward D. Redman entered service as private ; 



374 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1865. Before entering the Elev- 
enth, he served in the 4th Me. Infantry from June 15, 1861, to 
July 19, 1864, as private, Corporal, Sergeant, and First Lieuten- 
ant. AVounded at Chantilly in 1862. Died at Wcildo, Oregon. 
Corporal Michael Linehan entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1865. 

Corporal Frank Thornton entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corpora], June 13, 1865. 

Corporal Arnold B. Wadey entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, June 13, 1865. Died at New Bedford, Mass. 
Corporal Ephraim A. McDonald entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal William S. Lyscomb entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, July 1, 1865. Before joining the Eleventh 
he served as Corporal in Co. H, 1st Me. Cavalry. Died at Skow- 
hegan. Me. 

Corporal Oscar D. Wilbur entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal Ephraim Chase entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal Edward Moulton entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865. 

Achley, Ceorge, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. A, 
2d Mass. Infantry, May 26, 1864. Last record, transferred from 
hospital at Atlanta, Ga., October, 1864. 

Armstrong, Alonzo, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. H, 31st Me. Infantry, April 9, 1864 ; twice wounded at Spott- 
sylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Leg amputated. Died at Machias, 
Maine. 

Billington, Seth A., wounded at Charles City Road, Ya., Oct. 
27, 1864. Died at Weld, Me. 

Blanchard, Josiah, Jr., died at Abbot, Me. 
Carnon, Frederick W., died at Newborn, N. C. 
Connor, Richard, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 
Died at Mill bridge. Me. 

Eldridge, John, died at Buxton, Me. 

Elliott, John W., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Elliott, William B., died at Bangor, Me. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 375 

Foster, Leander K., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Gilman, George, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
H, 2Stli Me. Infantry, Oct. 10, 1862. Died from sunstroke at 
Donaldsonville, La., May 1?, 1863. 

GrafPam, Andrew J., the assumed name of Andrew J. Rice. 

Gray, Thomas, died at East Milton, Mass. 

Johnson, Charles, died at Boothbay, Me. 

Keith, Charles H., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. I, 20th Me. Infantry, Oct. 4, 1864, and was mustered out 
with that regiment, July 16, 1865. 

Kelley, Elijah S., wonnded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., in arm 
and leg, June 2, 1864 ; again wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., 
Aug. 14, 1864; reenlisted as private in Co. A, 1st Battalion Me. 
Infantry, March 29, 1865 ; promoted to Corporal and Sergeant, and 
mustered out with the battalion. 

Knowles, William H., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. A, 16th Me. Infantry, Aug. 7, 1863 ; transferred to Co. D ; 
taken prisoner at the Weldon R R., Aug. 19, 1864 ; confined in 
Libby Prison, Belle Isle, and Salisbury, N. C. Died at Salisbury, 
N. C. (Starved to death.) 

Leighton, Coffin S., w^ounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va , June 
2, 1864. 

McTValter, John, wounded and taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, 
Va., May 31, 1862 ; trtinsferred to V. R. C, May 31, 1863. 

Michaud, Regis, died at Parish of St. Francis, Madawaska Co., 
New Brunswick. 

Mitchell, Rufus P., died at Auburn, Me. 

Munson, Joseph M., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Nash, Herrick E., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Nichols, Hiram B., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16,1864. 

Parker, John H., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., Jnly 26, 
1864. 

Parker, William, distinguished himself at the Battle of Fair 
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, by shooting the color-bearer of a Con- 
federate regiment and causing the flag to trail in the dust. 

Pratt, Wilder, wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 



376 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Robinson, George H., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., 
July 26, 1864. 

Willey, Benjamin D., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; 
reenlisted, Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1864. 

Willey, Loring W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. A, IQth Me. Infantry, Sept. 17, 1863. Killed in action at Po 
River, Va,, May 10, 1864. Attached to 1st Rhode Island Light 
Artillery from Oct. 17, 1863, to date of death. 

Company D. 

Captain Leonard S. Harvey entered service as Captain ; resigned 
soon after the regiment entered active service. 

Captain John D. Stanwood entered service as First Lieuten- 
ant ; promoted to Captain, June 23, 1862 ; commanded Co. D 
from July, 1862, until December, 1862 ; resigned on account of 
ill-health. 

Captain Albert G. Mudgett entered service as Second Lieuten- 
ant of Co. K ; promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. G, Dec. 1, 
1862 ; to Captain of Co. D, June 13, 1863 ; taken prisoner at 
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864. A prisoner until the 
close of the war. 

Captain William H. Frye entered service as Corporal in Co. A ; 
promoted to Sergeant, Oct. 3, 1862, and discharged for disability, 
Dec. 18, 1862 ; reenlisted as private in Co. A, Nov. 17, 1863 ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, March 4, 1864 ; wounded severely in 
leg at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; commissioned Second 
Lieutenant of Co. B, Aug. 16, 1864, but not mustered ; pro- 
moted to First Lieutenant of Co. C, Dec. 13, 1864 ; to Captain of 
Co. D, June 23, 1865. During the spring campaign of 1865, 
Lieutenant Frye served on the staff of Major-General R. S. 
Foster, commanding 1st Division, 24th Army Corps, and did gal- 
lant and meritorious service in the pursuit of Lee's army from 
Petersburg to Appomattox, for which he was promoted Brevet 
Captain of U. S. Volunteers by the President. When the regi- 
ment was ordered to the N". E. District of Va. he was assigned to 
duty in the Sub-District of Essex, as Provost Marshal and Assist- 
ant Superintendent of Freedmen, in the counties of Northumber- 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 377 

land and Lancaster^, where he served until ordered to be mus- 
tered out. 

Lieutenant Leonard C. Butler entered service as Second Lieu- 
tenant of Co. H ; promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. D, Nov. 
I, 1862 ; commanded Co. D from Dec, 1862, to April 14, 1863. 

Lieutenant Nelson H. Norris entered service as private in Co. 
F ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; promoted to Hos- 
pital Steward, Nov. 22, 1862 ; resigned his warrant ; transferred 
to Co, C, as private, May 1, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal ; 
wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 1864 ; promoted to 
Second Lieutenant of Co. B, Aug. 13, 1864 ; wounded at Hatch- 
er's Run, Va., April 2, 1865 ; promoted to First Lieutenant of 
Co. D, April 16, 1865. During tiie summer of 1865, was mem- 
ber of a General Court Martial at the camp of the 20th New 
York State Militia, and when the regiment was ordered to tlie 
Northeastern District of Va. was Act. Assistant Adjutant-Gen- 
eral of the Sub-District of Essex, and later Post Quartermaster at 
Tappahannock, Va., until ordered to be mastered out. After 
leaving the service he studied medicine and graduated from 
Dartmouth College in 1867, since which he practiced in Maine, 
Wisconsin, and for sixteen years in Illinois. Died at Downer's 
Grove, 111. 

Lieutenant Gibson S. Budge entered service as Second Lieu- 
tenant ; resigned for disability before the regiment left Wash- 
ington. 

Lieutenant Francis M. Johnson entered service as Sergeant ; 
promoted to Second Lieutenant, March 18, 1862 ; commanded Co. 
D from June 22, 1862, through the Seven Days' battles before 
Richmond and until after the regiment arrived at Harrison's 
Landing ; also from April 14, 1863, to June, 1863 ; taken prisoner 
in Matthews County, Va., Nov. 24, 1862. 

First Sergeant Abner F. Bassett entered service as Sergeant ; 
taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; a prisoner with 
First Sergeant Brady and others in Libby Prison, Salisbury, N. 
C. and at Belle Isle in the James River opposite Richmond until 
Nov., 1862, when he returned to tiie regiment ; promoted to First 
Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1862. On recruiting service at Portland, Me., 
from Aug. 15, 1863, to July 10, 1864 ; returned to the regiment. 
Killed on the picket line in front of Petersburg, Va., Sept. 15, 



378 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

1864, and was buried on the 16th near our camp, " amid the 
booming of cannon and whistling of bullets " — so reads the entry 
in the diary of Sergeant-Major Morton. 

First Sergeant George Day entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864; to Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865 ; to 
First Sergeant, May 7, 1865. Died at Kennebunkport, Me. 

First Sergeant Timothy McGraw entered service as private ; 
reenlisted Jan. 27, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug, 16, 

1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, Feb. 1, 

1865 ; to First Sergeant, June 12, 1865. 

Sergeant Ephraim Francis entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, March 28, 1862. During the greater part of 
his term of service he was a victim of ill-health, but his faithful 
care of the sick and careful attention to the wants of the camp, 
while the company was on active duty at the front, endeared him 
to all his comrades. 

Sergeant Gardiner E. Blake entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Sept. 10, 1862. While at Fernandina, Fla. , 
Sergeant of the Provost Guard. Taken prisoner at Bermuda 
Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864. Some incidents in his experience 
in rebel prisons are given in the historical sketch of the regiment. 
Died at West Sullivan, Me. 

Sergeant Alphouzo C. Gowell entered service as jirivate ; reen- 
listed Jan. 4, 1864; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 16, 1864; to 
Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 ; taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Va., 
April 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Lyman Bragdon entered service as private ; wounded 
at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 8, 1863, by the explosion of a rebel 
shell which broke through the bomb-proof at the entrance to the 
magazine of Battery Chatfield ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 
1865 ; to Sergeant, April 18, 1865. 

Sergeant Jeremiah Stratton entered service as private. When the 
regiment left Gloucester Point, Va., for the spring campaign of 
1864, detailed to guard and store baggage, and while on the pas- 
sage from Gloucester Point to Norfolk, near Fortress Monroe, 
May 6, 1864, the transport collided with another steamer and sank. 
Falling machinery attached to the smokestack fell across his back 
and right hip ; he was conveyed to hospital at Fortress IMonroe, 
where he remained until Sept. 1, 1864, when he rejoined the regi- 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 379 

ment in front of Petersburg; promoted to Corporal, Feb. 5, 
1865; wounded at Ilatehers Kun, Va., April J3, 1865; promoted 
to Sergeant, April 18, 1865. 

Sergeant Stephen Mudgett entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, June 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Samuel E. dishing entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, June 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, June 12, 1865. 

Sergeant Daniel W. Woodbury entered service as private ; 
Avounded at Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 1.3, 1864; promoted to 
Corporal, Ajiril 18, 1S65 ; to Sergeant, June 12, 1865. 

Sergeant Joel Tucker entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, June 12, 1865 ; to Sergeant, July 1, 1865. 

Sergeant John Deacon entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, July 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 13, 1865. 

Sergeant Frank E. Young entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Oct. 13, 1865; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1866. Drowned 
at Carson City, Col. 

Corporal Richard \Y. Da we entered service as Corporal ; dis- 
charged for disability at Washington, D. C, May 16, 1862 ; reen- 
listed as i)rivale in same company, Dec. 6, 1863 ; wounded at 
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864. 

Corporal Hughey G. Rideout, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed in Co. A, 2d Me. Cavalry, as private, Nov. 30, 1863 ; died 
of disease, Aug. 11, 1864, while in service. 

Coi'poral Freeman R. Dakin. taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., 
May 31, 1862 ; a prisoner until Nov., 1862. After leaving the 
Eleventh he reenlisted in Co. F, 9th Me. Infantry, as private ; 
wounded in the left arm at Bermuda Hundred, Va., and in the 
right elbow at Cold flarbor, Va. 

Corporal John Gihn entered service as private, and promoted 
to Corporal, May 16, 1862. 

Corporal Leonard M. Witham entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 16, 1862. 

Corporal William B. Davis entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 16, 1862 ; discharged for disability at New York, 
Sept. 23, 1862 ; reenlisted in 1st D. C. Cavalry ; promoted to Ser- 
geant ; taken prisoner, Sept. 1, 1864 ; transferred to Co. I, Its Me. 



380 THE STORY OF ONE RKGIMENT. 

Cavalry, and mustered out July 31, 1865. Died at the Insane 
Asylum. 

Corporal James E. Bailey entered service as jirivate ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 15, 1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded at 
Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2, 1864. Left arm amputated. 

Corporal Patrick Doherty entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 15, 1863. After leaving the Eleventh he 
reenlisted as private in Co. H, 30th Me. Infantry, Jan. 6, 1864 ; 
taken prisoner at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864; exchanged, 
and died in service at Bolivar Heights, Va., Sept. 16, 1864. 

Corporal John Dyer entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Oct. 3, 1863. Accidentally killed in a shingle mill at 
Springfield, Me. 

Corporal Horace Whittier entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Oct. 31, 1863 ; served on the Color Guard ; wounded 
at Newmarket Eoad, Va., Oct. 7, 3864. Mustered out at Point 
of Rocks, Va. 

Corporal Shepard Whittier entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Oct. 31, 1863 ; served on tiie Color Guard 
until Oct. 16, 1864, when he was detached for recruiting service 
at Portland, Me., where he was mustered out. 

Corporal Stephen R. Bearce entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Oct. 31, 1863 ; wounded at Morris Island, S. 
C, Dec. 8, 1863 ; again wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 17, 1864. 

Corporal William P. Weymouth entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, May 30, 1864 ; twice wounded at Deep 
Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Corporal James B. Williams entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. Drowned by the sinking of a 
boat at South West Harbor, Me. 

Corporal Alphonzo 0. Donnell entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Edward Kennedy, real name Charles Hines, entered 
service as private ; promoted to Corporal, June 13, 1865. Died 
from injuries received from falling through a hatchway in How- 
ard Street, New York City. 

Corporal Samuel Ross entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, July 1, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 381 

Corporal Jotham S. Annis entered service as private ; reea- 
listed Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 
1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Oct. 13, 1865. 

Corporal Andrew J. Mudgett entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Oct. 13, 1865. 

Corporal James E. Dow, real name C. L. Farnsworth, entered 
service as private ; promoted to Corporal, Oct. 13, 1865. 

Musician Robert A. Strickland taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, 
Va., May 31, 1862 ; a prisoner until November, 1862. 

Wagoner Henry "W. Rider, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
in Co. B, 1st Me. Heavy Artiller}^ Dec. 9, 1863 ; wounded at 
Spottsylvania, Va., May 19, 1864. 

Arnold, Frederick, participated in all the battles of the regi- 
ment in the campaign of 1865. Clerk for Colonel Sellmer, 
A. A. I. G., Dept. of Virginia, in the summer of 1865, and later 
Clerk for Captain Frye at Heathsville, Va. 

Bartlett, William, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
E, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Nov. 28, 1863 ; wounded at Spottsyl- 
yania, Va., May 19, 1864, 

Bickmore, Albion P., wounded and taken prisoner at Hatcher's 
Run, Va., April 1, 1865. 

Blaine, Thomas R., died at Fredericton, N. B. 

Bolton, Sumner M., wounded in right eye and taken prisoner 
at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864 ; exchanged Aug. 13, 
1864. 

Bragdon, Samuel A., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
Jane 2, 1864 ; mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1864. 

Brien, Patrick, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1, 
1865. 

Brown, John, died at Thomaston, Me. 

Bryant, Martin V., taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 2, 1864 ; a prisoner until December, 1864. 

Bubier, Frank, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1804. 

Burke, Charles H., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. D, 8th Me. Infantry, Aug. 20, 18G2 ; wounded at Petersburg, 
Va., July 4^ 1864 ; and mustered out, June 12, 1865. 



382 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Burns, John, wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 

Butler, Alfred C, thrice wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 
1-4, 18G4 ; right leg amputated, one arm totally disabled and the 
other badly wounded. 

Butler, George L., mortally wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
Va., May 11, 1864. 

Batterfield, George M., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
Aug. 29, 1864, as private in Co. K., 21st Me. Infantry ; promoted 
to Corporal and Sergeant, and mustered out with that regiment. 

Carver, Alonzo, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 1864. 

Collins, Josiah, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I, 
16tli Me. Infantry ; transferred to Co. I, 20th Me. Infantry, and 
mustered out July 16, 1865. 

Conforth, Melvin, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 
2, 1864. Died at Minneapolis, Minn. 

Crabtree, Isaac N., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
M, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Jan. 5, 1864. Discharged for dis- 
ability, Aug. 17, 1864. 

Cross, Simon, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. H, 
1st Me. Cavalry, Dec. 31, 1863, and died in service at Bealton 
Station, Va., Feb. 5, 1864. 

Curtis, John F., wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 

Davis, Thomas A., detached on Western gunboat service, Feb. 
17, 1862, and served in the Mississippi squadron ; discharged in 
1863 ; reenlisted as Corporal in Co. L, 2d Me. Cavalry, Dec. 12, 
1863. Killed in action at Marianna, Fla., Sept. 27, 1864. 

Day, John W., reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, 
Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Dunifer, Prince E., reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. 

Dyer, Alexander B., before entering the Eleventh, served in 
Co. C, 26th Me. Infantry, from Oct. 11, 1862, to Aug. 17, 1863. 

Dyer, George E., died at Cooper Shop Hospital, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

Dyer, Hudson K., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 
2, 1864. 

Findel, William H., wounded and taken prisoner at Hatcher's 
Run, Va., April 1, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 383 

Folsom, Jeremiah, died at U. S. Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 

Foss, Charles }>[., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. D, 
16th Me. Infantry, Oct, 9, 1804, under the name of AVilliam Mor- 
rell ; taken prisoner ; transferred to Co. I, 20th Me. Infantry, 
June 5, 1865. Mustered out, July 16, 1865. 

G-eary, George, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1, 
1865. 

Gerry, George H., reenlisted March 30, 1863, in Co. C, 1st Me. 
Heavy Artilley, under the name of George G. Henries ; wounded 
at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 186-4, and mustered out with that 
regiment, Sept. 11, 1865. 

Gibbs, Elisha W., taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Ya., April 
1, 1865. Died at Eureka, Cal. 

Googing, Augustus N"., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 
1^, 1864. Left arm amputated. 

Gray, Daniel, missing at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Un- 
doubtedly killed. 

House, Matthew P., taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., ]\Iay 31, 
1862 ; a prisoner until Nov., 18G2 ; after leaving the Eleventh he 
reenlisted in Co. I, 4th U. S. Veteran Volunteers, Hancock's 
corps. 

Hutchinson, Eleazer, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. K, 17th Me. Infantry, Aug. 28, 1863 ; wounded May 6, 1864 ; 
transferred to Co. K, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, and discharged for 
disability, June 16, 1865. 

Kelley, Lawrence, taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 2, 1864 ; died in prison at Audersouville, Ga. 

Laffin, Pierce, wounded at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 25, 1863, 
by a rebel shell striking a musket and throwing it against his left 
leg, the bayonet entering the leg some six inches below the knee, 
and, taking an upward course, shattering the knee. 

Lane, Otis, Company Cook, while carrying rations to the men 
employed in felling trees at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 24, 
1864, struck by a falling tree which broke his leg. 

Leigh ton, Leonard S., reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864, and wounded at 
Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Longley, John, reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Died at Orono, Me. 



384 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Maddox, Greenlief, wounded at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 8, 
1863, by the explosion of a rebel sliell which broke through the 
bomb-proof at the entrance to the magazine of Battery Chatfield. 

Mathews, Robert, was wounded at Hatcher's Euu, Va., April 2, 
1865. 

Morrill, Charles F., wounded at Hatcher's Eun, Va., April 2, 
1865 ; after leaying service he settled in Pittsfield, and was killed 
by being caught in a balance wheel while sawing wood with a 
horse-power at Detroit, Me. 

Philbrook, David C, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted, 
Aug. 13, 1863, in Co. A, 3d Me. Infantry ; wounded and taken 
prisoner at Spottsylvania, Va., May 5, 1864 ; transferred to Co. F, 
17th Me. Infantry, June 4, 1864, and transferred to 1st Me. 
Heavy Artillery, June 4, 1865. His death in prison at Anderson- 
ville, Ga., August, 1864, is asserted by a fellow-prisoner, Mr. 
Oscar Thomas, of Lee, Me. 

Seavey, George, wounded and taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, 
Va., April 1, 1865. 

Shepard, Harvey C, reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. 

Sherman, Moses E., taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 ; exchanged in November, 1862 ; reenlisted, Jan. 4, 1864 ; 
wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864; killed in 
action at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 

Sherman, William, taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 ; exchanged in November, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; 
mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Simmonds, James, died at Calais, Me. 

Smith, Zellman B., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 
2, 1865. 

Spaulding, Samuel H., died at Lakeville, Me. 

Stanley, John N., reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. 

Staples, Wentworth, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. E, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery ; wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., 
May 19, 1864. 

Starbird, Charles D., severely wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., 
Aug. 4, 1864. 

Stevens, John T., taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 
1, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 385 

Stratton, Adelbert, mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., 
Aug. 14, 1864. 

Tehan, Dennis, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., March 31, 
1864. 

"Watson, George W., wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 2, 
1865. 

White, George O., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Woodman, Hiram A., transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, 
Sept. 1, 1863 ; retransferred to Co. D, early in 1864, and served 
until expiration of his term of service. Commended in orders 
for volunteering for perilous service in front of the skirmish line, 
Oct. 7, 1864, after the term of his enlistment had expired. 

Company E, 

Captain Samuel B. Straw, after leaving the Eleventh, entered 
service as Assistant Surgeon of the 6th Me. Infantry, Aug. 15, 
1863, and was mustered out with that regiment, Aug. 15, 1864. 
Later he offered his semces to Dr. McDougal of the Regular 
Army at New York, by whom he was appointed Surgeon and 
assigned to di^ty at hospital for wounded soldiers at Lansingburg, 
N. Y., from which he was transferred to a hospital for Confeder- 
ate prisoners at Elmira, N. Y., where he remained until the 
close of the war. Died at Newburgh, N. Y. 

Captain Francis W. Wiswell entered service as First Lieuten- 
ant ; promoted to Captain, March 24, 1862 ; on recruiting ser- 
vice in Maine from Aug. 15, 1863, to July 11, 1864 ; wounded at 
Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 1864. 

Captain George W. Small entered service as Corporal in Co. K ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 16, 
1864 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. G, May 11, 1864, 
and to Captain of Co. E, Dec. 17, 1865. When the regiment 
was ordered to the Northeastern District of Virginia, he was 
assigned to duty in the Sub-District of Fauquier. Died at 
Cherryfield, Me. 

Lieutenant George Williams entered service as Second Lieuten- 
ant ; promoted to First Lieutenant, Sept. 16, 1862. 

Lieutenant Stephen B. Foster entered service as Sergeant ; pro- 
moted to First Sergeant, March 24, 1862 ; to Second Lieutenant, 
25 



386 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Sept. 16, 1862, and to First Lieutenant, Juno 15, 1864. He 
acted Adjutant of the regiment from July 24, 1864, to September, 
1864, and was often in command of his own and other companies. 
Died at Boston, Mass. 

Lieutenant Joseph S. Bowler entered service as First Sergeant 
of Co. E, 23d Me. Infantry ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, 
May 3, 1863 ; mustered out with that regiment, Aug. 14, 1863. 
Eeenlisted as private in Co. K of the Eleventh, March 14, 1864 ; 
promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. E, Dec. 31, 18G4. Acted as 
Eegi mental Quartermaster in the spring campaign of 1865, and 
when the regiment was ordered to the Northeastern District of 
Virginia he was assigned to duty in the Freedmen's Bureau at 
Warrenton, Va. 

Lieutenant Lawson G. Ireland entered service as First Ser- 
geant ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, March 24, 1862 ; resigned 
while the regiment was at Harrison's Landing, Va. 

Lieutenant Charles 0. Lamson entered service as private in Co. 
C, 1st Me. Infantry, May 3, 1861, and was mustered out with 
that regiment, Aug. 5, 1861. Eeenlisted as private in Co. I of 
the Eleventh, Aug. 15, 1862 ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 10, 

1862 ; to First Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1862 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, 
Va., May 14, 1864 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. E, 
June 20, 1864, and detailed as Act. Commissary of Subsistence 
for the staff at headquarters of the 24th Army Corps, June 24, 
1864, and was on that duty in the campaigns of 1864-65. Com- 
missioned First Lieutenant but not mustered. 

First Sergeant Adoniram J. Fisher entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, Feb. 20, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Feb. 20, 1863, 
and to First Sergeant, May 1, 1863. 

First Sergeant Charles F. Wheeler entered service as Corporal ; 
promoted to Sergeant, March 24, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 8, 1864 ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864. 

First Sergeant George W. Chick entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, April 20, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Feb. 20, 

1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 14, 1864 ; promoted to First Sergeant, May 
1, 1865. 

Sergeant Daniel S. Cole was one of the original sergeants and 
served his entire term. Died at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 387 

Sergeant John N. Weymouth entered service as Sergeant, and 
reenlisted Jan. 28, 18G4. 

Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
in Co. M, 1st D. C. Cavalry, Jan. 5, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant 
and transferred to Co. II, 1st Me. C;ivah*y, from which he was 
mustered out. Died at Brewer, Me. 

Sergeant Simon Batchelder, Jr., entered service as i)rivate ; 
promoted to Corporal, Doc. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 28, 18G4 ; 
l)romoted to Sergeant, Dec. Ml, 1864 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, 
Va., May 14, 1864. Died at Chippewa Falls, Wis. 

Sergeant Solomon S. Cole entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted March 14, 1864 ; promoted 
to Sergeant, Dec. 31, 1864. 

Sergeant Henry B. Stanhope entered service as private ; reen- 
listed Jan. 28, 1864 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 
1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864, and to Sergeant, June 
1, 1865. 

Sergeant John L. Lippincott entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864, and to Sergeant, April 30, 1865. 
Wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 

Corporal Elias H. Frost entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 10, 1862 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, \^a., May 31, 
1862, and reenlisted Jan. 28, 1864. On Color Guard for nearly 
three years. Died at Augusta, Me. 

Corporal Samuel Libby entered service as private, and promoted 
to Corporal, Oct. 1, 1862. Died at Corinna, Me. 

Corporal Ira Weymouth entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Feb. 20, 1863. Died at Corinna, Me. 

Corporal Franklin C. Rowe entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 20, 1863. 

Corporal Andrew R. Patten entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Feb. 20, 1863. 

Corporal Lacassard Lassell entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1864 ; wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., 
July 26, 1864. 

Corporal Kenney C. Lowell entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1864 ; wounded at Strawberry Plains, 
Va., July 26, 1864. 



388 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Corporal John D. WaJton entered service as private ; reenlisted 
April 12, 1864. Died at Orono, Me. 

Corporal Surbyna Packard entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. Died at Corinth, Me. 

Corporal Charles Sullivan entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., 
April 9, 1865. 

Corporal George D. French entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. 

Corporal Charles Bovrker entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. 

Corporal George H. Downs entered service as private ; wounded 
at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864; promoted to Corporal, 
May 1, 1865. 

Corporal Thomas Stanwood entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1865. 

Corporal Dennis Lehan entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1865. He sailed from Calais, Me., in the 
brig Joli7i Barnard, in August or September, 1893 ; nothing 
heard of tlie vessel or crew. 

Corporal Frank H. Brown entered service as private ; wounded 
at Deep Eun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, July 1, 
1865, and served on the police of the city of Eichmond, Va. 

Corporal Isaac N. Glidden entered service as jarivate ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Wagoner John B. Eeed reenlisted Jan. 28, 1864. 

Wagoner Samuel Babb entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Jan. 28, 1864; wounded at Deep Eun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; 
appointed Wagoner, Feb. 1, 1865. 

Anne, Francis, detailed as Drummer, and served in that ca- 
pacity. 

Avery, Eoscoe G., died at Jefferson, Me. 

Beals, George A., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 
1864, and served on the police of Eichmond, Va., in the summer 
of 1865. Died at Chelsea, Mass. 

Bean, Charles II., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 21, 
1864. Left leg amputated. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 389 

Bragdon, Eugene, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Brookings, Frederick, died at Bradford, Me. 

Brown, Albert B., served on tlie police of the city of Rich- 
mond, Va., in 1865. 

Brown, Albert J., died at Lowell, Me. 

Brown, Stephen W., taken prisoner at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 

16, 1864. 

Burse, Horace H., wounded at Morris Island, S. C, Nov. 11, 
1863, by a piece of shell from Fort Moultrie ; mortally wounded 
at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 1864. 

Burse, Moses M., wounded at " Swamp Angel," Morris Island, 
S. C, Aug. 23, 1863, by the bursting of the 200-pound Parrott 
gun, which was the armament of that battery. 

Campbell, John C, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted for the 
12th Me. Infantry, March 10, 1865, but was mustered out at 
Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, Mass., May 10, 1865, before 
reaching his regiment. 

Chick, Elbridge, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as Cor- 
poral in Co. F, 30th Me. Infantry, Nov. 5, 1863, and was 
mustered out Jan. 25, 1865. 

Clark, Warren E., was detailed as Fifer, and served in that 
capacity. Died at Bangor, Me. 

Clark, William, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 
1864. 

Cunningham, David E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
in Co. C, 19th Me. Infantry, Sept. 2, 1863 ; wounded May 14, 
1864 ; transferred to Co. C, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, May 31, 
1865. Died at Bradford, Me. 

Cunningham, Lorenzo D., died at Bradford, Me. 

Davis, Wales E., detached for Western gunboat service, Feb. 

17, 1862. 

Dodge, Everett, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
H, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery ; transferred to Co. G, same regiment ; 
wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864; discharged for disa- 
bility. May 4, 1865. Died at Orland, Me. 

Downs, William R,, wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1864. 



390 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Felker, Josiah, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Fitzherbert, Amos, wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865 ; leg amputated. Died at Fort Fairfield, Me. 

Fogg, George M., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
F, 30tii Me. Infantry, Dec. 4, 1863 ; discharged for disability, 
April 20, 1865. 

Giggey, George, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Goodale, William E., reenlisted March 14, 1864. 

Ham, Charles H. , wounded by bursting of the " Swamp Angel,'*^ 
Aug. 23, 1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 20, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, 
Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Hill, Benjamin F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. G, 30th Me. Infantry, Nov. 2, 1863. 

Holden, Austin R., died at Madison, Me. 

Hurd, Charles A., died at West Corinth, Me. 

Hurd, William H., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
17, 18G4. Died at Otsego, Minn. 

Inman, George, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. B, 
1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Jan. 23, 1863 ; wounded at Petersburg, 
Va., June 18, 1864, and discharged for disability, Feb. 8, 1865. 

Kimball, Bradley L., received the '' Gillmore Medal" for gal- 
lant and meritorious services at "Swamp Angel," Morris Island, 
S. C, the night of Aug. 23, 1863. 

Kincaid, William H. , wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1864 ; arm amputated. 

Lampson, Charles W., was transferred to Co, H, 10th Veteran 
Reserve Corps, Nov. 18, 1863. 

Leach, Parker W., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 
26, 1864. 

Leathers, Tuttle D., entered service in Co. I, of the Eleventh ; 
discharged for disability at Washington, D. C, Feb. 24, 1862 ; 
reenlisted in Co. E ; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1864. Died at Bancroft, Me. 

Lowell, David K., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
17, 1864. Left arm amputated. Died at Lee, Me. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 391 

Mansell, Charles A., wounded at Drury's lilulT, Va., May 14, 
18G4. 

Martin, Archibald P., detached in 8th New York Battery, July 
17, 1863 ; reenlisted in 8th New York Battery, Dec. 11, 18G3, at 
Yorktown, Va. 

Mason, Charles E., wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 
1864. 

Morrill, George, died at Fort Fairfield, Me. 

Mulliken, Morey, wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 1864. 

Nealon, Bartholomew, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., 
April 9, 1865. 

Nickerson, John P., died at Soldiers' Home, Boston, Mass. 

Nowell, Robert H. , wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 
*.>6, 1864. 

Nye, Thomas, Jr., reenlisted in Co. A, of the Eleventh, Sept. 
30, 1864. Wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., March 31, 1865. 

Oakes, Eli, died at Reddington, Me. 

Penney, Albion, died at Hudson, Me. 

Pray, Isaac, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. C, 1st 
Me. Cavalry, March 9, 1864 ; mustered out June 5, 1865. 

Reed, John C, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Reinbold, Charles, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 
9, 1865. 

Rich, Charles H., died at Hannibal, Mo. 

Rollins, William L., wounded at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 
7, 1864. 

Savage, Edwin, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in. Co. I, 
19th Me. Infantry, Aug. 13, 1863 ; taken prisoner at Petersburg, 
Va., June 23, 1864 ; transferred to Co. I, 1st Me. Heavy Artil- 
lery, May 31, 1865, and mustered out June 13, 1865. 

Simmons, Charles, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1, 
1865. Died at Boston, Mass. 

Smith, Henry, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Smith, Major D., died at Lewiston, Me. 

Spaulding, Franklin, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. G, 1st Me. Cavalry, Dec. 7, 1863, and was mustered out Dec. 
6, 1865. 



392 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Spaulding, Jonathan C, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
in Co. A, 31st Me. Infantry ; discharged for disability, Jan. 2, 
1865. 

Speed, Christopher C, was with the regiment until after the 
Battle of Williamsburg, Va., where he was taken sick ; transferred 
to Co. G, 6th Kegiment Veteran Eeserve Corps, and participated 
in the defense of Washington, D. C, against Early's raid. 

Starr, Thomas, died at Togus, Me. 

Trask, Charles, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Walker, John, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

York, Samuel N., wounded and taken prisoner at Deep Eun, 
Va., Aug. 16, 1864. Died in the hands of the enemy. 

Company F. 

Major Augustus Plummer Davis entered service as Captain of 
Company F. When he recruited his company, it was with the 
intention of serving in the 13th Me. Infantry, and he was in com- 
mand of the camp of that regiment at Augusta, Me., as Senior 
Captain, when his transfer to the Eleventh, on the eve of its de- 
parture for the seat of war, placed him in the position of Junior 
Captain in the regiment. During the winter of 1861-62 he 
served for a time as member of a General Court Martial. Before 
the regiment entered active service he was detached and served 
as Provost Marshal of the division, until ill-health, contracted in 
the service, compelled him to resign. He rendered conspicuous 
and gallant services at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and the Seven 
Days' "battles before Eichmond, for whicii he received thanks and 
commendatory notices from the generals with whom he served, 
and was promoted by President Lincoln to the rauk of Majoi-, by 
brevet, for gallant and meritorious services. Major Davis was 
born at Gardiner, Me., of Puritan stock. His grandfather was an 
officer in the War of 1812, and his great-grandfather an officer of 
the Eevolution. Before the war he served for a time in the U. 
S. Navy, and was honorably discharged from the steam frigate 
Susqueliannah, March 16, 1855. After leaving the Eleventh he 
was appointed Provost Marshal of the Third District of Maine, 
April 24, 1863, witli headquarters at Augusta, which position he 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 393 

filled until the close of the war, Aug. 15, 1865. Major Davis is 
the founder of the association known as the Sons of Veterans 
of the United States of America. 

Captain Samael G. Sewall entered service as Second Lieuten- 
ant of Co. F ; promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. F, June 22, 
1862, and to Captain of Co. F, March 26, 1863 ; detailed as 
Regimental Quartermaster, May 31, 1862, and served in that 
capacity until the army arrived at Harrison's Landing, Va. He 
was detailed as Brigade Commissary by General Emory. At 
Yorktown, detailed by General Naglee as Brigade Quartermaster, 
and was on the staff of General Naglee until we arrived in North 
Carolina. He accompanied the Eleventh to Fernandina, Fla., 
where he served as Post Commissary. He was on recruiting ser- 
vice in Maine from Aug. 14, 1863, to Oct. 24, 1863. In the 
spring of 1864 he was detailed in the Quartermaster's Department, 
at Headquarters, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and 
served at Gloucestor Point and Portsmouth, Va. After leaving 
the Eleventh, appointed Captain in the 4th U. S. Volunteers, a 
regiment raised from rebel prisoners, and served in the Far West 
until mustered out at Leavenworth, Kan., June 19, 1866. 

Captain Thomas Clark entered service as Sergeant in Co. G ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, April 28, 1863 ; to Second Lieuten- 
ant of Co. F, July 21, 1864 ; to First Lieutenant of Co. H, Dec. 
17, 1864 ; and to Captain of Co. F, May 1, 1865 ; on recruiting 
service in Maine from Aug. 14, 1863, to Oct. 24, 1863. Reen- 
listod, Jan. 1, 1864 ; in command of Co. F from Aug. 17, 1864, 
to March 1, 1865 ; and also in command of Co. A from Nov. 1, 

1864, to Dec. 21, 1864. When the regiment started on the 
spring campaign of 1865 he was detailed to remain behind in 
command of the convalescent camp, consisting of some two hun- 
dred men, and ordered to report to General Ripley, of General 
Devens's division. On April 3d, Avhen the city of Richmond 
fell into Union hands, his command was among the first to enter 
the city. He retained his command until the regiment arrived 
from Appomattox C. H., when he rejoined it. When the regi- 
ment was ordered to the Northeastern District of Virginia he 
commanded the Sub-District of Rajipahannock until Dec. 4, 

1865, when he was appointed Provost Marshal and Asst. Superin- 
tendent of Freedmen for Orange County, with headquarters at 
Orange C. H., until he was ordered to be mustered out. 



89-i THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Captiiin John M. Beal, before entering the Eleventh, served as 
First Sergeant of Co. A, 1st Me. Infantry, from May 3, 1861, to 
Aug. 5, 1861. He joined the Eleventh as First Lieutenant of Co. 
F, and served until May 31, 1862. Caj^tain Beal was in command 
of Co. A, State Guards, at Portland, which was called into service 
upon the requisition of Hon. Jacob McLellan, Mayor of Port- 
land, to assist in recapturing the U. S. revenue cutter Caleb Cush- 
ing from the possession of the piratical crew of the rebel cruiser 
Tacoyiy. Captain Beal entered service for a fourth time as Cap- 
tain of Co. E, 29th Me. Infantry, Nov. 13, 1863, and served with 
that regiment in the Red River campaign and elsewhere until 
Sept. 23, 1864, when he was discharged for disability. 

Lieutenant Thomas A. Brann entered service as First Sergeant 
of Co. F ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; promoted 
to Second Lieutenant, June 21, 1862 ; to First Lieutenant, March 
26, 1863. After leaving the Eleventh he again entered service 
as Second Lieutenant of Co. I, 2d Me. Cavalry, Dec. 22, 1863 ; 
promoted to First Lieutenant, Aug. 27, 1864, and was mustered 
out with that regiment, Dec. 6, 1865. 

Lieutenant Archibald Clark entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, May 1, 1862 ; to First Sergeant, May 1, 
1863, and to First Lieutenant, Sept. 1, 1863 ; wounded at Fair 
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; severely wounded at Bermuda Hun- 
dred, Va., May 17, 1864. Leg amputated. He was in command 
of Co. F from April 27, 1864, to May 17, 1864. Returned to 
duty from hospital, Dec. 7, 1864, and was in charge of the Am- 
bulance Corps at headquarters, 24th Army Corps, during the 
spring campaign of 1 865. He was Register of Deeds for Kenne- 
bec Co., Me., from Jan. 1, 1868, until his death. 

Lieutenant Alfred Gr. Brann entered service as Sergeant ; pro- 
moted to First Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1862 ; to Second Lieutenant, 
March 26, 1863. After leaving the Eleventh hereeulisted as Ser- 
geant in Co. I, 2d Me. Cavalry, Dec. 22, 1863 ; piomoted to 
Quartermaster Sergeant of his Co., Sept. 4, 1864, and to Second 
Lieutenant, March 29, 1865. He was mustered out Dec. 15, 
1865. 

Lieutenant Joseph 0. Smith entered service as private ; joined 
Co. C, May, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 1, 186i ; to 
First Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864, and to Second Lieutenant of Co. F, 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 395 

May 2, 1865. When the regiment wiis ordered to the Northeast- 
ern District of Virginia he was assigned to duty as Provost 
Marshal and Assistant Superintendent of Frecdmen for Stafford 
County, with headquarters at Stafford C. H., and was subse- 
quently detailed as Acting Assistant Adjutant-General for the 
Sub-District of Essex, at Tappahannock, Va. He participated in 
all the battles of the regiment in 1864 and 1865. After the regi- 
ment was mustered out in February, 18G6, he engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits in Aroostook County for fifteen years, serving two 
winters, 1869 and 1870, in the Maine House of Representatives ; 
also served two winters at the Clerk's desk in that body. In 1873 
lie entered the State Department at Augusta, serving therein ten 
years, the last four years, 1881 to 1884 inclusive, as Secretary of 
State. He held the office of State Insurance Commissioner three 
terms, nine years, 1885 to 1893 inclusive. At the present time 
(1896) he is engaged in the printing and publishing business at 
Skowhegan, Me., and is editor of the So^nerset Reporter. 

First Sergeant Nathan P. Downing entered service as private ; 
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Ser- 
geant, Dec. 1, 1864, and to First Sergeant, April 16, 1865. 

First Sergeant Joseph H. Estes entered service as private ; reen- 
listed Jan. 4, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal in 1864 ; to Sergeant, 
Dec. 1, 1864, and to First Sergeant, June 13, 1865 ; detached in 
8th New York Battery in 1862, and was one of the detachment 
that manned the " Swarmp Angel." Commissioned Second Lieu- 
tenant but not mustered. 

Sergeant Daniel S. Smith entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1863. 

Sergeant James W. Bailey entered service as private ; promoted 
to Sergeant, May 1, 1863. 

Sergeant James W. Little entered service as private ; wounded 
at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1863 ; promoted to Corporal, Nov. 8, 
1862, and to Sergeant, May 10, 1864. As Corporal he served on 
the Color Guard. 

Sergeant William E. Feeley entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 10, 1864, and to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Sergeant James B. Stetson entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864, and to Sergeant, May 1, 1865. 



396 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Sergeant John F. Arnold entered service as private ; wounded 
at Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 13, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, 
Jan, 1, 1865, and to Sergeant, June 13, 1865. 

Sergeant Warren H. Moores entered service as private ; 
wounded at Deep Eun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; promoted to Cor- 
poral, Dec. 1, 1864, and to Sergeant, June 13, 1865. He was 
murdered at Wallace, New Mexico, July 27, 1889. 

Sergeant Sylvanus Smith entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 10, 1864 ; to Sergeant, June 15, 1865. 

Corporal Calvin R. Sears entered service as Corporal. Died at 
Boston, Mass. 

Corporal John C. Meader, after leaving the Eleventh, served as 
Sergeant in the 13th unassigned company, which was assigned 
to the 14th Me. Infantry as Co. E, from Feb. 25, 1865, to Aug. 
28, 1865. 

Corporal George S. Buker entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Nov. 8, 1862. Died at Boston, Mass. 

Corporal Ambrose F. Walsh entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 20, 1863, and wounded at Deep Run, Va., 
Aug. 16, 1864. 

Corporal Lewis F. Wing entered service as private ; detailed in 
the Brigade Band, Oct. 4, 1862, and served with the band until 
its services were dispensed with. Promoted to Corporal, May 20, 
1864. 

Corporal George E. Stickney entered service as private ; 
wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, Sept. 15, 1864. 

Corporal George H. Balkam entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. 

Corporal William A. Jackson entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Edwin L. Parker entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Jan. 15, 1865, and was detailed on the Color Guard, 
in which service he was killed in the last charge made on the 
forts at Petersburg, Va. 

Corporal Samuel G. Richardson entered service as private ; 
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, March 1, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 397 

Corporal Luther Quint first enlisted in Co. H, 1st Me. Cavalry, 
Nov. 5, 1861, and was discharged for disability, Jan. 25, 1862, 
before the regiment left Augusta. He joined the Eleventh as 
private ; promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1865. 

Corporal Henry D. Clark entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 1, 1865. 

Corporal James A. Fecley entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 1, 1865. 

Corporal James B. Crosby entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 13, 1865 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 
16, 1864. 

Corporal Charles B. Fowler first entered service in Co. F, 7th 
Me. Infantry, Jan. 23, 1862, and was discharged July 10, 1862. 
He entered the Eleventh as private ; promoted to Corporal, June 
13, 1865. 

Corporal John Meservey entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Aug. 12, 1865. 

Corporal Joseph C. Gilman entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Aug. 12, 1865. 

Corporal Arthur Smith entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Jan. 1, 1866. 

Wagoner Wendall F. Joy entered service as private ; appointed 
Wagoner, Nov. 7, 1861. Died at Morrill's Corner, Me. 

Barrett, John, transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, Sept. 
16, 1864. Died at Lewiston, Me. 

Besse, Alexander H., after being discharged, died at Boston, 
Mass., before reaching his home. 

Billington, Selden B., died at Weld, Me. 

Bishop, Squire F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as 
private in Co. I, 2d Me. Cavalry ; promoted to Corporal and mus- 
tered out with that regiment, Dec. 6, 1865. Died at Wayne, Me. 

Blaisdell, Thomas C, taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 ; exchanged, Dec. 17, 1862 ; again taken prisoner before 
Richmond, Va., Oct. 6, 1864, while on detached service in the 
Ambulance Corps, he having been sent outside the Union lines 
to procure forage for horses. 

Brookings, Ebenezer, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 
1864. 



398 THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT. 

Brown, John, died at Thomaston, Me. 

Burgess, Andrew J., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 15, 1864. 

Chick, Frederick A., died at Limington, Me. 

Choate, Horace C, first enlisted in the 3d Me. Infantry, June 
4, 1861 ; discharged Sept. 18, 18G1, while in the Eleventh ; 
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. Died at Hallowell, 
Me. 

Connor, William, killed by the falling of a brick wall at Gar- 
diner, Me. 

Cook, Moses, first enlisted in Co. F, 2d Me. Infantry, April 25, 
1861 ; discharged for disability, Aug. 9, 1861 ; reenlisted in Co. 
D, 14th Me. Infantry, Dec. 11, 1861, and was again discharged 
for disability, June 2, 1862. While a member of the Eleventh, 
accidentally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 2, 1864. 

Coots, Thomas, died at Chelsea, Mass. 

Dexter, Henry A., detailed in the Brigade Band, Oct. 4, 1862, 
and served with the band until its services were dispensed with. 

Dill, Herman J., attached to the Veteran Reserve Corps, Nov. 
28, 1863 ; discharged at Washington, D. C, by reason of reenlist- 
ment in V. R. C, fi-om which he was discharged Nov. 14, 1865. 

Doughty, William H., reenlisted, Dec. 25, 1863, and wounded 
at Darby town Road, Va., Oct. 13, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal 
early in 1865. 

Drake, Albion A., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
H, 29th Me. Infantry, Dec. 16, 1863. 

Eastman, George W., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 
1864. 

Eldridge, Bowman, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., March 
31, 1865. 

Ellis, Frederick A., after being discharged, died at Philadelphia, 
Pa., before reaching home. 

Emery, Joseph, 2d, died at Bradford, Me. 

Ford, Timothy W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
A, 16th Me. Infantry ; taken prisoner on the Weldon R. R., 
Aug. 18, 1864. 

George, Otis B., wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 399 

Graffam, David T., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted April 
1, 1865, in Hancock's Veteran Corps, and was discharged March 
31, 1866. 

GrifMn, Benjamin F., first enlisted in Co. C, 2d Me. Infantry; 
was in the First Battle of Bull Run, Va., and was discharged 
Nov. 25, 1861. While in the Eleventh, wounded at Deep Bottom, 
Va., Aug. 15, 1864. 

Harmon, Ira C, died at North Newport, N. H. 

Harriman, Rodney C, discharged for disability, Aug. 1, 1862 ; 
reenlisted in same company, Nov. 17, 1862 ; wounded at Deep 
Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Hayden, Franklin N., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862. 

Ilearn, John N., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
B, 6th U. S. Cavalry for five years, and was discharged at expira- 
tion of term at Fort Hays, Kan. 

Howard, Elias, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I, 
16th Me. Infantry, Aug. 14, 1862; transferred to V. R. C, April 
23, 1864. 

Hutchins, Albert E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. I, 4th Me. Infantry, Aug. 21, 1863 ; transferred to Co. E, 
19th Me. Infantry, June 17, 1864 ; killed in action at Petersburg, 
Va., Oct. 7, 1864. 

Hutchins, Elwin M., was a member of what was called "'The 
Happy Family " in Co. F, was with the regiment his entire term 
of service, and not once excused from duty. He jDracticed total 
abstinence from liquor, but admits having been engaged in some 
high foraging, even to taking the blanket of a Brigadier-General 
to keep himself warm on a cold night. 

Jones, David D., died at Waltham, Mass. 

Kenniston, George W., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862. 

Kimball, Henry G., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Libby, Ellison, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Male, George W., detached on Western gunboat service, Feb. 
17, 1862. Died at Norfolk, Va. 

Maxim, Silas H., sunstruck at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

McCleve, Andrew, reenlisted, Jan 28, 1864. 



400 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Meserve, John F., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1863. 

Morrill, John E., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Newell, Edward G., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
16th Unattached Massachusetts Volunteers, July 21, 1864 ; pro- 
moted to Cori^oral, and discharged Nov. 14, 1864. Died at 
Ashby, Mass. 

Noyes, William H., wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Pettingill, Sewall, served as Musician during his entire term. 

Philbrick, David, was wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862. 

Pierce, William S., wounded at Hatcher^s Pun, Va., March 
31, 1865. Died at East Braintree, Mass. 

Plaise, Harrison 0., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. C, 29th Me. Infantry, Dec. 17, 1863 ; transferred to Co. F, 
same regiment, and died of disease at New Orleans, La., April 
12, 1864. 

Plummer, Daniel, died at Pittston, Me. 

Potter, John, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. A, 
17th Me. Infantry, July 15, 1863 ; wounded at Wilderness, Va., 
May 5, 1864 ; transferred to Isfc Me. Heavy Artillery, June 4, 
1865. 

Quirk, John, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I, 
30th Me. Infantry, Sept. 8, 1863, and served until Aug. 20, 1865. 

Kutherford, James, transferred to Veteran Keserve Corps, 
March 14, 1864. 

Sands, Aaron, left with the sick at Savage Station, Va., when 
that point was abandoned, in the retreat of the Army of the 
Potomac to Harrison's Landing, June 29, 1862, and died a prisoner 
in the hands of the enemy. 

Scotney, Francis, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Smiley, Albert P., before entering the Eleventh, served as 
Sergeant in Co. A, 20th Me. Infantry, from Aug. 5, 1862, to Jan. 
10, 1863. While in the Eleventh, in the spring campaign of 1865 
he served as Sharpshooter in the detachment commanded by Lieu- 
tenant Payne, and was with him when he entered Fort Gregg, 
April 2, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 401 

Smith, John, died at Lewiston, Me. 

Smith, William A., transferred to Veteran Keserve Corps, Jan, 
5, 1864. 

Stacy, Samuel H., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Swett, George W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as 
Sergeant in Co. K, 30th Me. Infantry, Jan. 9, 1864 ; wounded at 
Cane River, La., April 23, 1864. (Log amputated.) When the 
news of the assassination of President Lincoln reached South 
Windham, Me., a citizen of that place remarked, in the pres- 
ence of Swett, that he was glad of it. Although with but one 
leg, Swett broke his cane over his head. He received a gold- 
headed cane from the patriotic citizens of that village. 

Toothaker, Ira D., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 
23, 1864. 

Troupe, Joseph L. , an assumed name of Joseph L. Frazier. 

Vosmus, Orin D., died at St. Joseph, Mo. 

Witham, John R., died at Abbot Village, Me. 

Wood, Daniel, reenlisted March 14, 1864, and deserted from 
furlough. 

Woodbury, Horace L., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
for the 15th Me. Infantry, April 13, 1865, but was mustered out 
at Galloupe's Island, Mass., May 10, 1865, without joining his 
regiment. Died at Waldo, Me. 

Wyer, Eleazer, taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Yates, Osgood J., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Company G. 

Captain Francis W. Sabine entered service as Second Lieuten- 
ant of Co. E ; promoted to First Lieutenant, March 24, 1862, and 
to Captain of Co. G, October 2, 1862. On recruiting service in 
Maine in the fall of 1862. While at Fernandina, Fla., was Pro- 
vost ]\Iarshal of that post. He was a graduate of Bowdoin Col- 
lege, a lawyer by profession, and served as Judge Advocate of 
Courts Martial many times during his service. Mortally w'ounded 
at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Captain Lewis H. Holt first entered service as private in tlie 8th 
Massachusetts Infantry, April 30, 1861 ; mustered out, Aug. 1, 
1861. He entered the Eleventh as Sergeant in Co. A ; promoted 
26 



402 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

to Second Lieutenant, May 11, 1862 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., 
May 31, 1862 ; promoted to First Lieutenant, June 23, 1863. 
While at Fernandina, Fla., he commanded an outpost on the rail- 
road, and was on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. He 
commanded Co. F in the campaign of 1864 until wounded at 
Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. In the winter of 1864-65 he was 
on detached service at Norfolk, Va.; promoted to Captain of Co. 
G, April 25, 1865. Died at Richmond, Va. 

Lieutenant Charles E. lUsley, before entering the Eleventh, 
served as private in Co. A, 1st Me. Infantry, from May 3, 1861, 
to Aug. 5, 1861. Died at Panama, near Jacksonville, Fla. 

Lieutenant William H. H. Rice entered service as First Ser- 
geant ; i^romoted to Second Lieutenant, March 24, 1862 ; mor- 
tally wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; promoted to 
First Lieutenant, June 21, 1862. 

Lieutenant Peter Bunker entered service as Corporal in Co. E ; 
promoted to Sergeant, March 24, 1863 ; reenlisted, March 14, 
1864 ; promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. G, Dec. 31, 1864 ; 
taken prisoner at Hatclier's Run, Va., April 1, 1865. 

Lieutenant William P. Plaisted entered service as Sergeant in 
Co. K ; promoted to First Sergeant, May 20, 1862 ; to Second 
Lieutenant of Co. G, June 2, 1862. 

Lieutenant Robert Brady served in the Mexican War. He 
entered service as First Sergeant of Co. D ; taken prisoner at Fair 
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; confined in Libby Prison (Richmond, 
Va.), at Salisbury, N. C, and at Belle Isle in the James River 
opposite Richmond ; exchanged November, 1862 ; promoted to 
Second Lieutenant of Co. B, Oct. J, 1862 ; transferred to Co. G, 
Nov. I'J, 1862 ; resigned on account of impaired health. Died at 
Enfield, Me. 

Lieutenant George Payne served in the Florida and Mexican 
Wars, and entered the Eleventh as Sergeant in Co. B ; transferred 
to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; was one of the detachment, under Lieu- 
tenant Sellmer, that manned the " Swamp Angel" and other bat- 
teries on Morris Island, S. C, and received the " Gillmore Medal " 
for " gallant and meritorious services " at the Swamp Angel 
Battery the night of Aug. 23, 1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864 ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, July 1, 1864 ; severely wounded git 
Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864 ; very severely wounded at 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 403 

Darby town Road, Va., Oct. 13, 1864 ; promoted to Second Lieu- 
tenant, Dec. 31, 1804 ; commanded the Brigade Sharpshooters in 
the spring campaign of 1865 ; wounded at Fort Gregg, Va., April 
2, 1865, while leading the charge on that fort. Commissioned 
First Lieutenant, Oct. 30, 1865, but not mustered. Died at East 
Newport, Me. 

First Sergeant James A. Morris entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, March 22, 1862 ; to First Sergeant, May 31, 
1862. Died at South West Harbor, Me. 

First Sergeant Thomas T. Tabor entered service as private in 
Co. F ; transferred to Co. B, December, 1861 ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, May 12, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Savage Station, Va., June 
29, 1862 ; transferred to Co. G, Oct. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 
1864; promoted to Sergeant, July 30, 1864; to First Sergeant, 
Jan. 1, 1865 ; wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865 ; com- 
missioned Second Lieutenant, Oct. 30, 1865, but not mustered. 

Sergeant Rufus H. Wingate, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed in First D. C. Cavalry, Feb. 9, 1864 ; transferred to Co. M, 
1st Me. Cavalry ; wounded, and died of wounds. 

Sergeant Caleb Philbrick died at Lowell, Mass. 

Sergeant James H. Abbott entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, May 16, 1862. After being discharged he 
died at Baltimore, Md., without reaching his home. 

Sergeant Daniel Burgess entered service as private in Co. B ; 
promoted to Corporal and Sergeant ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 
1, 1862. He reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. He was killed by a log roll- 
ing over him at Williamsburg, Pa. 

Sergeant Stephen H, Emerson entered service as Corporal in Co. 
B ; promoted to Sergeant ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; 
reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864. 

Sergeant Henry B. Rogers entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 12, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 19, 1863 ; reenlisted 
Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; re- 
turned to ranks, Oct. 4, 1864 ; appointed Wagoner, May 9, 1865. 

Sergeant Albert Flye entered service as private in Co. B ; pro- 
moted to Corporal ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; promoted 
to Sergeant, July 30, 1864. 

Sergeant Horace B. Mills entered service as private in Co. B ; 



404 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

promoted to Corporal ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reen- 
listed Jan. 1, 1864 ; wonnded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 
1864; promoted to Sergeant, Oct. 4, 1864; taken prisoner at 
Hatcher's Eun, Va., April 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Thaddeus S. Wing entered service as private in Co. 
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; jiromoted to Corporal, 
Nov. J, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864; promoted to Sergeant, 
Dec. 1, 1864. Died at Kennebec, Me. 

Sergeant Thomas J. Holmes entered service as private ; reen- 
listed Jan. 4, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, April 1, 1864 ; 
wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864 ; promoted to 
Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Lewis L. Day entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Jan. 4, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, May 20, 1864 ; wounded at 
Deep Eun,Va., Aug. 16, 1864; promoted to Sergeant, June 3, 18G5. 

Sergeant Luther A. Robbins entered service as private in Co. 
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864; 
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 8, 1865. 
Killed at Boston, Mass., by a pile of lumber falling on him. 

Captain Benjamin B. Coombs entered service as private in Co. 
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; 
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 8, 1865. 
Since leaving the Eleventh, he has served in the National Guard 
of the State of Washington as First Lieutenant and Captain of 
infantry and is now (1896) serving in a troop of cavalry. 

Sergeant George Phillips entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, March 27, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Joseph C. Wentworth died at Franklin, Me. 

Corporal Judson Salsbury, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed under the name of Elliott J. Salsbury as Sergeant in Co. C, 
1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Aug. 21, 1862 ; wounded at Spottsyl- 
vania, Va., May 19, 1864 ; died of wounds at Armory Square 
Hospital, Washington, D. C. 

Corporal George P. Clark entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Feb. 9, 1862. 

Corporal Humphrey S. Higgins entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, March 27, 1862. After being discharged he 
died at Baltimore, Md., before reaching home. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 405 

Corporal Charles A. Lincoln entered service as Corjioral in Co. 
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Corporal Amos W. Briggs entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 

Corporal Charles M. Banker entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862. 

Corjioral Josiali L. Bennett entered service as private in Co. B ; 
transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 
25, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864; wounded at Deep llun, Va., 
Aug. 16, 1864; again wounded at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 
1864. 

Corporal Judson R. Moon entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1863. 

Corporal Nathaniel Hooper entered service as private ; wounded 
at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 15, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, July 
30, 1864. Died at Machias, Me. 

Corporal William Shedd entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 30, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 
16, 1864. 

Corporal Everett B. Small entered service as private ; wounded 
at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, 
Dec. 1, 1864. 

Corporal Charles W. Royal entered service as private ; reen- 
listed Jan. 8, 1864 ; wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 
1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. 

Corporal Charles B. Chandler entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1865. 

Corporal Charles F. Campbell entered service as private in Co. 
B ; transferred to Co. G-, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864; 
wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864 ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, May 11, 1865. 

Corporal Warren Hooker entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal Lewis Green entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, July 1, 1865. Died at Bangor, Me. 

Corporal Orison B. Lisherness entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, July 1, 1865. Died at Vassalboro, Me. 



406 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Corporal Edward Bowman entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, July 25, 1865. 

Corporal Wallace C. Young entered service as private ; reen- 
listed, Jan. 1, 18G4 ; promoted to Corporal, Aug. 1, 1865. Died 
at Bluehill, Me. 

Annis, Alvin H., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. 
G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Annis, Truman W., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Bennett, Samuel F., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 

Blackwell, Leonard F., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 
14, 1864 ; taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1, 1865. 
Died at Berry's Mills, Me. 

Brown, Epliraim, died at Machias, Me. 

Bunker, Charles F., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Butler, Augustus J., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. A, 1st Me. Veteran Infantry, Jan. 18, 1864 ; wounded May 
6, 1864; transferred to Co. F ; died in service. 

Caine, James, died at Iowa Falls, Iowa. 

Campbell, Xerxes 0., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. G, 32d Me. Infantry ; taken prisoner and died in rebel prison. 

Cash, William B., died at Ellsworth, Me. 

Chamberlain, Sewall L., entered service in Co. B ; transferred 
to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Clark, Alamander, died at Lynn, Mass. 

Clark, John F., reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 

Cook, George W., attached to V. R. C, Nov. 13, 1863. 

Cooper, Henry B., died at Plymouth, Me. 

Cressey, William T., taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 18, 1864 ; died in rebel prison. 

Cunningham, Joshua, entered service in Co. B, transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. Died at Topsham, Me. 

Currier, Joseph, wounded at Darbytown Road, Va. , Oct. 13, 
1864. 



k 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 407 

Davis, Clinton A., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 

B, 16th Me, Infantry, Ang. 31, 1863 ; was taken prisoner and pa- 
roled ; discharged, May 24, 1865. Died at Galloupe^s Island, Mass, 

Denico, Augustus H., reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at 
Deep Eun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864, 

Denico, Henry C, reenlisted Jan, 1, 1864. He received a 
furlough of thirty days in the winter of 1865 for his soldierly ap- 
pearance and proficiency in drill. 

Denico, William E,, reenlisted Jan, 1, 1864 ; taken prisoner at 
Hatcher's Eun, Va,, April 1, 1865. Drowned at Carabastic 
Stream, N. H. 

Douglass, Charles A., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va,, July 
26, 1864, 

Doyle, Lyman, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. G-, 
Sept. 1, 1862. 

Ellis, William, entered service in Co, B ; transferred to Co. Gr, 
Sept, 1, 1862, After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted in Co. F, 
7th Me, Infantry, and served from April 6, 1863, to December, 

1863. Died at Sidney, Me. 

Erving, William L., entered service in Co. B ; was transferred 
to Co, G, Sept, 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864, 

Fenlason, William M., died at Wesley, Me. 

Fish, Charles E., reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864; wounded at Deep 
Eun, Va,, Aug. 16, 1864; taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., 
April 9, 1865. 

Frazier, Ahira S., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
D, 3d Me, Infantry, Aug, 10, 1863; transferred to Co. F, 17th 
Me. Infantry, June 4, 1864 ; again transferred to Veteran Eeserve 
Corps, Nov. 19, 1864, and mustered out July 21, 1865. 

Frazier, Frederick A., wounded at Deep Eun, Va,, Aug. 16, 
1864. 

Garland, Albert, reenlisted Jan, 1, 1864. 

Garland, Newell, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co, 

C, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Dec, 16, 1863 ; wounded at Spottsyl- 
vania, Vii,, May 19, 1864 (arm amputated) ; discharged Dec. 3, 

1864. Died at Boston, Mass. 

Glasstater, Joseph, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Eun, Va., April 
1, 1865. 



408 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Goodwin, Charles H., entered service in Co, B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Gordon, Seth D., entered service in Co. B; transferred to Co. 
G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Gross, Ruben G., after leaving tlie Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
H, 19th Me. Infantry, Feb. 8, 1863 ; wounded at High Bridge, 
Va., April 7, 1865, and again wounded near Appomattox, Va., 
April, 1865 ; transferred to Co. H, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, May 
31, 1865, and mustered out with that regiment. 

Hamlet, Joseph B., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. 
G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Hamor, George W. , reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864 ; taken prisoner at 
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 18, 1864. 

Harmon, George, taken prisoner at Charles City Road, Va., 
Oct. 27, 1864; died at Mechanic Falls, Me. ; buried at Harrison, 
Me. 

Harriman, Lysander W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
in Co. M, 2d Me. Cavalry, Jan, 2, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal 
and mustered out, Dec. 6, 1865. 

Hazeltine, George W., transferred from Co. G, 6th New Hamp- 
shire Infantry, to Co. B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. 
Died at Springfield, N. H. 

Higgins, Charles H., died at Trenton, Me. 

Higgins, Henry H., reenlisted Dec. 24, 1863. 

Hinckley, Charles B., died at San Francisco, Cal. 

Jaquith, Charles A., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1,1862; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Died at Gardiner, Me. 

Johnston, Frank, wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 
1864; again wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Johnston, Joshua R., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. I, 29th Me. Infantry, Dec. 12, 1863, and died of disease at 
Semmesport, La. 

Jones, Charles H., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. 
G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 

Jordan, Daniel T., died at Mariaville, Me. 

Jordan, Ebcn, 2d, died at Mill Creek Hospital, near Fortress 
Monroe, Va. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 409 

Kelley, John T., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. 
G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Martin, Annable, taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 18, 1864, and died in rebel pVison. 

McGrlinch, Jeremiah, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reiinlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 

Meader, Abraham, died at Ellsworth Falls, Me. 

Munsou, Albion K., died at Wesley, Me. 

Murray, William N., wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 

Nichols, Francis 0., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. E, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Aug. 3, 1863 ; wounded at Sail- 
or's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865 ; discharged June 6, 1865. Died at 
Hallowell, Me. 

Norton, Samuel R., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 
26, 1864; again wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Overlook, Lemuel, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. 
G, Sept. 1, 1862. Died at Hermon, Me. 

Peacquette, George, taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 18, 1864. Died in rebel prison. 

Peck, Henry, wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 

Pettingill, George R., taken prisoner at Savage Station, Va., 
June 29, 1862. Died in the hands of the enemy. 

Peva, William H., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Potter, Hanson B., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. 
G, Sept. 1, 1862. 

Prescott, Charles M., died at Plymouth, Me. 

Rolfe, Henry S., died at Hudson, Me. 

Salisbury, Benjamin F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
in Co. D, 31st Me. Infantry, March 16, 1864 ; promoted to Cor- 
poral, and discharged June 16, 1865. 

Stinchfield, Frank H., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 

Taggart, Archibald, was wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., 
July 26, 1864. 

Taylor, James H., entered service as Corporal in Co. B ; trans- 
ferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862. Died at Soldiers' Home, Grand 
Rapids, Mich. 



410 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Tinney, William, after leaving the Eleventh, went West and 
enlisted in the Regular Army and served five years. 

Totman, Herod V., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to 
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reeulisted Jan. 8, 1864. 

White, Wilbert C, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. 
G, Sei^t. 1, 1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Deep 
Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Wood, Simon, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. G, 
Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Strawberry 
Plains, Va., July 26, 1864. He served in the regular army after 
the war. 

Wooster, Alpheus S., reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company H. 

Captain Royal T. Nash, born in Gray, Me., July 31, 1821. 
His first military experience was in Co. A, Gray Light Infantry, 
Maine Militia, in which he enlisted in 1838. He was commis- 
sioned Ensign of the company in 1843, which position he held 
until the company was disbanded. He entered the Eleventh as 
Captain of Co. H, which he commanded until May 10, 1862, 
when sickness compelled him to go north on sick leave. He 
recovered suflBciently to start for the front, June 23, 1862, but 
sickness detained him at Washington, D. C, and when he arrived 
at the regiment it was at Harrison's Landing, Va. He again 
took command of his company, and remained with it until Oct. 
11, 1862, when he resigned on account of sickness. After leaving 
the Eleventh he reentered service, Jan. 9, 1864, as Captain of 
Co. K, 30th Me. Infantry. After participating in the Red River 
Expedition under General N. P. Banks, again compelled to 
resign on account of ill-health, June 28, 1864. Died at Natick, 
Mass. 

Captain Luther Lawrence entered service as private in Co. E, 
1st Me. Infantry, and served from May 3, 1861, to Aug. 5, 1861 ; 
reenlisted as private in Co. H, Oct. 9, 1861 ; ])romoted to First 
Sergeant, Dec. 26, 1861 ; to First Lieutenant, Sept. 19, 1862 ; to 
Captain, Oct. 21, 1862. He acted as Post Quartermaster at Fer- 
nandina, Fla., from July, 1863, to November, 1863. Mortally 
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; died of wounds at 
Chesapeake Hospital, Fortress Monroe, Va., Sept. 3, 1864. The 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 411 

following was -written from Headquarters, 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 
24th Army Corps, to friends of Captain Lawrence in Maine : "lie 
fell in one of the assaults of the enemy on the Eleventh, w^hile 
the regiment was holding the rebel earthworks, which it had cap- 
tured an hour before. He was at the time in charge of the left 
wing of the regiment, assigned to it after Lieutenant-Colonel Hill 
was wounded. 'Now, boys, steady ! Pick your man !' he said 
to his men as the charging line of rebels nearcd the front of the 
regiment. The words were hardly uttered before he was struck 
down by a rebel bullet, shot through the chest. Captain Law- 
rence won his way to the Captaincy by his zeal and efficienc}^, 
proving himself one of the very best officers in the regiment. As 
Orderly Sergeant, he was intrusted with the command of his 
company throughout the Peninsula campaign, and his conduct 
was such that his rapid promotion was deemed but a fitting 
reward of his gallant and meritorious services. In the cara])aign 
of 1SG3, before Charleston, and the present one before Eichmond, 
he was a most reliable and trusted officer, distinguished for his 
coolness and bravery in action. In the Battle of Bermuda Hun- 
dred, June 2, he had command of two companies, the center of 
the line, and fought them with admirable skill and effect. No 
one could have behaved more gallantly. His clothes were 
strangely cut up by bullets, and yet he came out unscathed. 
Captain Lawrence was a true patriot and gallant soldier. He 
expected, as he sometimes said, to give his life in this struggle. 
He had just been home, had seen his friends, and, ' Now,' said he, 
*I am ready for the campaign.' It was his firm resolve, well 
understood, never to turn his back to the traitors. He never did. 
When he fell his brave boys gathered around him, lamenting his 
fall with many tears. He rebuked them, saying with emphasis : 
' It is no worse for me to die for my country than any other 
man!' The name of Lawrence has received new luster in the 
heroic death of this gallant young officer.^' 

Captain Albert Maxfield entered service as private in Co. C ; 
promoted to Commissary Sergeant of the regiment, Jan. 3, 1863 ; 
reenlisted Feb. 29, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant-Major, March 1, 
1864 ; to Second Lieutenant of Co. D, May 10, 1864 ; to First 
Lieutenant of Co. D, July 18, 1804 ; to Captain of Co. H, Dec. 
17, 1864. Lieutenant Maxfield commanded Co. D from June 2, 
1864, to July 28, 1864, and from Aug. 29, 1864, to Dec. 21, 1864. 



412 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Slightly woanded at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct 7, 1864. Com- 
manded the regiment from Nov. 2, 1864, until after the presiden- 
tial election, the Eleventh being one of the regiments selected by 
Major-General Benjamin F. Butler to assist in keeping the peace 
in New York City during the election. In the campaign in pur- 
suit of Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox, there being 
but one field officer on duty with the regiment, he was assigned 
to the command of the left wing ; taken prisoner at Appomattox, 
Va., April 9, 1865, went to Annapolis, Md., until declared ex- 
changed. May 1, 1865, when he returned to the regiment ; was a 
member of a Court Martial at Headquarters, 1st Division, 24th 
Army Corps, while at Chapin's Farm ; also member of a Court 
Martial at the Camp of the 20th New York State Militia in the 
summer of 1865. When the regiment was ordered to the North- 
eastern District of Virginia, assigned to command the Sub-Dis- 
trict of Essex, comprising the counties of Essex, Middlesex, King 
and Queen, Eichmond, Westmoreland, Lancaster, and Northum- 
berland, with headquarters at Tappahannock, in the County of 
Essex, where he remained until ordered to be mustered out. 

Lieutenant Nelson T. Smith entered service as First Lieuten- 
ant ; resigned while the regiment was at Harrison's Landing, Va. 

Lieutenant Benjamin F. Dunbar entered service as Sergeant in 
Co. F; slightly wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1863; 
commanded the pioneers that destroyed the railroad bridge 
across the Chickahominy the night of June 28, 1862 ; promoted 
to Second Lieutenant of Co. H, Nov. 1, 1862 ; to First Lieuten- 
ant of Co. H, May 1, 1863. Commanded Co. H from Feb. 12, 
1864, to April 27, 1864, while Captain Lawrence was on furlough 
with the veterans, and from Aug. 17, 1864, to Nov. 2, 1864, when 
he left for Maine to be mustered out. Died at Richmond, Me. 

Lieutenant Charles H. Scott, at the breaking out of tiie war, 
was a member of the Portland Light Infantry, having been a 
member for many years. He entered service as Corporal in Co. 
A, 1st Me. Infantry, May 3, 1861, and was discharged with that 
regiment, Aug. 5, 1861 ; reenlisted in Co. F, of the Eleventh, as 
Sergeant ; promoted to First Sergeant, Oct. 27, 1863 ; reenlisted 
Jan. 15, 1864 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. F, Dec. 18, 
1864 ; to First Lieutenant of Co. H, May 1, 1865. Lieutenant 
Scott was many times in command of his company. When the 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 413 

regiment was ordered to the Northeastern District of Virginia he 
was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal and Assistant Superin- 
tendent of Freedmcn for Essex, aud King and Queen Counties, 
with iieadquarters at Tappahannock. After the war, appointed 
Superintendent of the National Cemetery at Louisville, Ky., 
but his eyesight failing, he returned to Portland, Me. He was 
totally blind for many years prior to his death. 

Lieutenant Charles A. Fuller entered service as Second Lieuten- 
ant ; was on recruiting service in Maine from January, 1862, to 
the latter part of March, 1862, and rejoined the regiment at 
Camp Wintield Scott in front of Yorktown, Va., and was the 
only oflScer with the company from Yorktown to Harrison's 
Landing, where he was taken sick and resigned. 

Captain James M. Thompson entered service as private in Co. 
1, 1st Me. Infantry, May 3, 1861, and was mustered out, Aug. 5, 
1861 ; reenlisted as private in Co. H, of the Eleventh ; promoted 
to Sergeant, Dec. 26, 1861 ; to First Sergeant, Sept. 19, 1862 ; to 
Second Lieutenant, May 1, 18G3 ; severely wounded in thigh at 
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864 ; commissioned First Lieu- 
tenant of Co. I, but not mustered, and was mustered out at the 
expiration of his term of service. After leaving the Eleventh he 
again entered service, March 17, 1865, as Captain of the 18th 
unassigned company of infantry, which was assigned as Co. I, 
12th Me. Infantry, and was mustered out with that regiment at 
Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1866. 

Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland entered service as private in Co. 
B ; promoted to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1863 ; wounded at Deep Run, 
Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. H, 
Jan. 13, 1865 ; mortally wounded on the picket line at Hatcher's 
Run, V^a., April 1, 1865. Died of wounds at Point of Rocks, Va. 

Lieutenant Josiah F. Keene entered service as jirivate in Co. 
D ; promoted to Corporal, May 16, 1862, he acted as orderly to 
Colonel 11. M. Plaisted at the Battle of AVhite Oak Swamp, Va., 
June 30, 1862, and several times volunteered to advance beyond 
the skirmish line to a point where he could observe any attempt 
on the part of the enemy to cross the swamp, and for his coolness 
and services during the battle he was highly complimented by 
Colonel Plaisted ; taken prisoner in Matthews County, Va., Nov. 
.24, 1862 ; was paroled from Libby Prison and exchanged ; reen- 



414 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

listed Jan. 18, 1864 ; wounded severely in left shoulder at Deep 
Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1864; promoted to Sergeant, Sept. 16, 
1864 ; to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865, and to Second Lieutenant 
of Co. H, May 25, 1865. When the regiment was ordered to 
the Northeastern District of Virginia, he was assigned to duty as 
Provost Marshal and Assistant Superintendent of Freedmen for 
Middlesex County, Va., with headquarters at Urbana, which 
position he held until ordered to be mustered out. 

First Sergeant Ezra W. Gould entered service as First Sergeant, 
when the non-commissioned officers were rearranged by Captain 
Nash, Dec. 26, 1861, was made Sergeant, which rank he held 
until discharged. 

First Sergeant Nathan J. Gould entered service as Sergeant ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, May 1, 1863 ; slightly wounded at 
Drury's Blutf, Va., May 1-i, 1864 ; severely wounded in right side 
at Newmarket Eoad, Va., Oct. 7, 1864, while commanding a por- 
tion of the skirmish line, thrown out to check the rebel advance 
on our left flank ; commissioned Second Lieutenant, June 15, 
1864, but not mustered. 

First Sergeant Seth A. Ramsdell entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, Dec. 26, 1861 ; to Sergeant, Sept. 19, 
1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
Va., May 17, 1864; promoted to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 ; 
commissioned Second Lieutenant of Co. D, but not mustered. 
Died at Cumberland, Me. 

Sergeant William F. Haskell entered service as Sergeant. 
When the non-commissioned officers were rearranged by Captain 
Nash, Dec. 26, 1861, he was made private. He reenlisted, Jan. 
16, 1864. 

Sergeant George E. Morrell entered service as Sergeant. When 
the non-commissioned officers were rearranged by Captain Nash, 
Dec. 26, 1861, he was made private ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 
19, 1862. 

Sergeant Joseph Harris entered service as Sergeant ; the rear- 
rangement of the non-commissioned officers by Captain Nash 
made him a private ; promoted to Sergeant, Sept. 19, 1862. 

Sergeant George W. Smith entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Dec. 26, 1861. After leaving the Eleventh he 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 415 

reenlisted in the 35tli Xew Jersey Infantry (Zouaves), September, 
1864 ; wounded in leg at Kingston, N. C, March, 1865. 

Sergeant Albert L. liankin entered service as Corporal ; tlie 
rearrangement of the non-commissioned officers made him a pri- 
vate ; promoted to Sergeant, Sept. 19, 1862. He was noted as a 
sharpshooter and scout. Died at Brownville, Me. 

Sergeant William H. Girrell entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, May 1, 1864. 

Sergeant Charles H. Cummings entered service as private ; 
reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1864 ; 
severely wounded in right hip (''ball still in his hip") at New- 
market Koad, Va., Oct. 7, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 
1864. 

Sergeant Nathan J. Dumphey entered service as private ; reen- 
listed Jan. 4, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to Ser- 
geant, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Sergeant James Lawrence entered service as private ; wounded 
at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 

1864 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 ; discharged June 26, 1865, for 
promotion to Second Lieutenant in Co. C, 6th U. S. Volunteers, 
and served with that regiment until Sept. 30, 1865, when he was 
mustered out at Wilmington, N. C. 

Sergeant Isaac W. Wardwell entered service as private ; wounded 
at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 

1865 ; to Sergeant, July 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Joseph F. Stevens entered service as i)rivate ; reen- 
listed Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; 
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, July 13, 1865. 

Corporal Silas Howard entered service as Corporal, and by the 
rearrangement of the non-commissioned officers by Captain Nash, 
Dec. 36, 1861, was made private. 

Major Daniel M. Dill entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Dec. 26, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 
31, 1862, and confined in Libby Prison, in prison at Salisbury, 
N. C, and at Belle Isle in the James River oj)posite Richmond ; 
exchanged Sept. 15, 1862. He was promoted to Captain in the 
6th Regiment, U. S. Volunteers, Sept. 1, 1863 ; to Major of U. S. 
Volunteers by brevet, March 13, 1865 ; mustered out at Wilming- 



416 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

ton, N. C, Sept. 20, 1865. After leaving service he studied med- 
icine, and graduated at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1867. Dr. Dill was 
coroner in Essex County, N. J., from 1878 to 1881, and was 
appointed Examining Surgeon for Pensions, Aug. 16, 1889. 

Corporal Augustus T. Thompson entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, Sept. 19, 1862 ; on recruiting service in 
Maine from Aug. 15, 1863, to July 10, 1864. 

Corporal Charles Bodge entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Sept. 19, 1862 ; returned to ranks at his own request ; 
reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; again promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1864. 

Corporal John S. Fogg entered service as private, and pro- 
moted to Corporal, Sept. 19, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh 
he reenlisted, March 1, 1865, as First Sergeant of the 18th unas- 
signed Co. of Me. Infantry Vols., which was assigned as Co. I, 12th 
Me. Infantry ; mustered out with that regiment, March 17, 1866. 

Corporal John Lary, Jr., entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1862 ; served on the Color Guard from January, 
1863, to the end of his term of service. 

Corporal John F. Wedgewood entered service as private ; reen- 
listed Jan. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864, and 
returned to ranks, Dec. 16, 1865. Died at Princeton, Mille Lacs 
Co., Minn. 

Corporal Benjamin F. Dumphey entered service as private ; 
reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Samuel R. Buker entered service in the 17th U. S. 
Infantry, and served three years ; reenlisted as private in Co. H ; 
promoted to Corporal ; returned to ranks at his own request. 

Corporal William H. Lord entered service in Co. A, 1st Bat- 
talion, 17th U. S. Infantry, Aug. 8, 1861 ; mustered out at Peters- 
burg, Va., Aug. 7, 1864 ; reenlisted in Co. H ; promoted to 
Corporal ; returned to ranks at his own request. 

Corporal William Emerson entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Jan. 4, 1864; promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1865 ; returned to 
ranks at his own request, Sept. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Matthew R. Holt entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1865, and reduced to ranks, June 23, 1865, by 
order from regimental headquarters. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 417 

Corporal Leudell E. Newell entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 18G5. 

Corporal Hazen B. Elliott entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 1, 18G5. 

Corporal Alpha Buker entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal Melville Ricker entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Jan. 10, 1864; promoted to Corporal, July 13, 1865. Served as 
Mounted Orderly at brigade headquarters in the campaign of 1864. 

Corporal Daniel Donovan entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865. 

Musician John E. McKenney entered service as private ; 
ap})ointed Musician, Jan. 1, 1863. After leaving the Eleventh 
he reenlisted in the 16th U. S. Infantry and died in service. 

Wagoner John T. Milton entered service as private ; appointed 
Wagoner, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Berry, Matthew S., served in the Peninsula campaign in the 
Pioneer Corps, under Sergeant Dunbar, which repaired and after- 
wards destroyed the railroad bridge over the Chickaliominy River. 
He was detach(4d in the 8th New York Battery, July 15, 1862 ; 
reenlisted in the 8th New York Battery in November, 1863 ; mus- 
tered out at New York City, July 10, 1865. 

Briggs, Ellis A., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 
1864 ; taken prisoner at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; died on 
flag of truce boat between Richmond, Va., and Annapolis, Md. 

Buck, Freeman H., died at Vanceboro, Me. 

Clay, Abijah N., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
B, 4th Me. Infantry, Aug. 24, 1863 ; transferred to Co. B, 19th 
Me. Infantry, July, 1863. Killed in action at Ream's Station, 
Va., Aug. 26, 1864. 

Coffren, George F., wounded at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 
1864. 

Coiiren, Seba'F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. B. 
3d Me. Infantry, Sept. 28, 1863 ; promoted to Corporal ; wounded 
and taken prisoner at the Wilderness, May 5, 1864 ; died of 
wounds, July 11, 1864, in the hands of the enemy at Lynchburg, 
Va. (His death not being known, he was reported as transferred 
to Co. B, 17th Me., and again to Co. B, 1st Me. H. A.) 
27 



418 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Cross, Kubeti H., entered service as private ; appointed Musi- 
cian, Feb. 11, 186"^, and discharged for disability, Dec. 31, 1862 ; 
reenlisted in same company, Marcli 34, 1864. Killed in action at 
Newmarket Eoad, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. 

Dill, William H., wounded and taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, 
Va., May 31, 1862 ; in prison witli his brother, D. M. Dill, until 
Sept. 15, 1862. Died at Annapolis, Md. 

Dumphey, James E., severely wounded at Bermuda Hundred, 
Va., May 17, 1864. After leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as 
Corporal in Co. B, 8th U. S. Veteran Infantry Volunteers, " Han- 
cock's Corps," March 27, 1865, and was mustered out April 2, 1866. 

Freeborn, Frank K., served as Orderly at Eegimental, Brigade, 
and Division Headquarters. 

Gould, Edward, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
G, 16th Me. Infantry, Dec. 22, 1863 ; killed in action at Spottsyl- 
vania, Va., May 10, 1864. 

Gower, Francis S., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
K, 12th Me. Infantry, March 7, 1865 ; mustered out witli that 
regiment at Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1866. 

Gray, Kichard, before entering the Eleventh, served in Co. D, 
3d Vermont Infantry, from July 9, 1861, to July 27, 1864; 
wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864; while in the 
Eleventh, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., March 31, 1865, while 
acting as Volunteer Sharpshooter. 

Green, William, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 
1864. 

Howard, Albert, served in the Peninsula campaign in the 
Pioneer Corps, under Sergeant Dunbar, which rejjaired and after- 
wards destroyed the railroad bridge over the Chickahominy River. 

Hurd, Moses F., discharged for disability, Aug. 3, 1862; reen- 
listed in same company, Oct. 1, 1864. 

Johnson, George 0., reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864. Died at Corinth, 
Me. 

Jones, Albert F., died at Washington, D. C. 

Jones, Benjamin, mortally wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., May 
31, 1864. 

Joss, Joel H. B., died at Mt. Vernon, Me. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 419 

Livermore, Llewellyn J., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
May 17, 1864. 

]\Iarsh, James, (real name, Henry Ashton,) served as one of the 
Mounted Patrol, while at Fernandina, Fla., and in the spring 
campaign of 18G5 as Brigade Sharpshooter under Lieutenant 
Payne. Died at the National Military Home for disabled volun- 
teer soldiers. 

Marshall, Charles E., wounded at Deep Eun, Va., Aug. 16, 
1864 ; in the campaign of 1865, Brigade Sharpshooter under 
Lieutenant Payne. 

McCloud, Malcolm, died at Charlottetown, Prince Edward's 
Island. 

McPherson, Thomas, the Blacksmith, cooked for the Co. in the 
Peninsula campaign and until the regiment arrived at Fernandina, 
Fla., where he was detailed as Post Blacksmith ; in the winter of 
1863-64 he was employed in the boat yard on Morris Island, 
S. C. ; he reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864, and the following spring was 
detailed as Chief Blacksmith at Division Headquarters, where he 
served until after the surrender of Lee's army ; he afterwards 
served as Regimental Blacksmith, and in charge of horses and 
mules at Tappahannock, Va., until mustered out. Died at Med- 
ford. Me. 

Meader, Joseph, wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 
1864 ; killed in action at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. 

Moody, George P., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

O'Brien, William, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Post, Dennis, reported himself a deserter from the Navy, and 
claimed the pardon offered by the President's proclamation, 
March 11, 1865 ; wounded in head and back by a falling tree 
while on duty at Hatcher's Run, Va., March 31, 1865. 

Potter, William, {name, William Pratt,) before entering the 
Eleventh, served in the 3d unattached company of Massachusetts 
Heavy Artillery, and in the U. S. Navy. 

Prescott, Henry G., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. 

Prescott, Simon, discharged for disability, July 14. 1862 ; reen- 
listed in same company, Dec. 30, 1863 ; mustered out May 15, 
1865. 



420 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Quirk, John, an assumed name for John D. Quinn. A good 
soldier. 

Rogers, Charles B., taken prisoner at Savage Station, Va., June 
29, 1862; reenlisted Jan. IG, 1864.; wounded at Newmarket 
Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. Arm amputated. 

Rogers, John, assumed name of William B. Young. 

Stetson, Benjamin F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. I, 1st Me. Veteran Infantry, June 21, 1864 ; mustered out 
with that regiment, June 28, 1865. 

Stevens, Levi, died at Corinth, Me. 

Towle, Seth W., taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 ; exchanged, discharged, and died at Baltimore, Md., on his 
way home. 

Trepanier, Louis, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Whitney, George H., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 
1864 ; transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, April 1, 1865. 

Winslow, Edward, assumed name for George E. Richardson, 
before entering the Eleventh served in the 3d unattached com- 
pany of Massachusetts Heavy Artillery and in the U. S. Navy. 

Wyman, Charles E., detached on Western gunboats, Feb. 17, 
1862 ; served in the Mississippi squadron — on the Carondelet 
when she ran the blockade at Island No. 10, also at the taking of 
Memphis, Tenn., and in the engagement on the Yazoo River 
when the Carondelet was destroyed ; discharged by order of the 
Secretary of War, Jan. 31, 1863. After being discharged, reen- 
listed under the name of Charles H. Wyman in Co. G, 8th Me. 
Infantry, Nov. 16, 1864, and was discharged Nov. 15, 1865. 

Company I. 

Captain John Pomroy resigned while the regiment was at 
Washington, D. C. 

Captain Simeon H. Merrill, before entering the Eleventh, 
served as Corporal in Co. C, 1st Me. Infantry, from May 3, 1861, 
to Aug. 5, 1861. He entered the Eleventh as Second Lieutenant 
of Co. I ; promoted to Captain, Jan. 25, 1862 ; commanded a 
portion of the picket line at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; com- 
manded the regiment from Aug. 16, 1864, to Nov. 2, 1864. His 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 421 

liistory can be best learned by reading the historical sketcli of 
the regiment. 

Captain George S. Scammou entered service as Captain of the 
8th unassigned Co., organized for one year under special au- 
tiiority of the War Department, "July 28, 1864," which was as- 
signed to the Eleventh. During the summer of 1865 he served 
on a Court of Claims in Richmond, Va., and was mustered out at 
cx})i ration of his term of service. 

Colonel Benjamin B. Foster entered service as First Lieutenant 
of Co. I. He sends us the following : '' Shortly after tlie arrival 
of the Eleventh Maine at Meridian Hill, near Washington, First 
Lien tenant Benjamin Browne Foster, Co. I, was detailed by 
Col. W. W. H. Davis, commanding the brigade, as Aid-de-Camp. 
In (he spring of 1862 he was attached to the staff of Maj.-Gen. 
Silas Casey, commanding division, as Aid-de-Camp and Acting 
Assistant Adjutant-General. He was detailed to duty at the 
Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac by Maj.-Gen. Geo. B. 
McClellan, July 7, 1862. He was relieved and ordered to duty 
on the staff of Maj.-Gen. John J. Peck, commanding a division 
in the Fourth Corps, August 22, 1862. October 7, 1862, he was 
appointed by President Lincoln an Assistant Adjutant-General, 
with the rank of Major. He served with Gen. Peck in Virginia 
and North Carolina until April 23, 1864, when he was ordered by 
the War Department to the staff of Maj.-Gen. Frederic Steele, 
commanding Department of Arkansas and Seventh Army Corps. 
His resignation was accepted October 8, 1864. In June, 1868, he 
received brevet commissions of Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel." 

Lieutenant William Brannen entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Jan. 25, 1862, to First Sergeant, Jane 1, 1862, 
and to First Lieutenant, Dec. 1, 1862. He rendered valuable 
and efficient service in leading scouting parties at Morris Island, 
S. C. , and in the creeks among the islands in the vicinity of 
Charleston, S. C. Killed in action while leading a skirmish 
line against the enemy at Drury's Bluff, Va. 

Lieutenant Eobert Brady, Jr., entered service as private in Co. 
D : on detached service as Orderly at brigade headquarters from 
Aug. 20, 1862, to March, 1863 ; promoted to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1863 ; 
reenlisted Jan. 18, 1864 ; wounded in left shoulder at Bermuda 
Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864, but refused to go to th,e rear to have 



422 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

his wound dressed until the fighting was over ; also wounded in 
left arm at Johnson's Plantation on the Darbytown Koad, Va., 
Oct. 29, 1864. He was frequently called upon during the cam- 
paign of 1864 for perilous service, scouting in front of our lines 
to obtain information, which service lie performed to the satisfac- 
tion of the regimental and brigade commanders ; promoted to 
First Lieutenant of Co. I, Dec. 18, 1864 ; commanded Co. A from 
Feb. 10, 1865, to March 12, 1865, while Captain Eolfe was on fur- 
lough ; commanded Co. B during the spring campaign of 1865 ; 
and commanded Co. I from July 1, 1865, until mustered out. 
When the regiment was ordered to the Northeastern District of 
Virginia he was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal on the staff 
of General Harris, and later on that of General J. A. Hill, and 
especially charged with keeping the peace of the city of Fred- 
ericksburg, Va., which duty he performed in an efficient manner. 

Lieutenant George H. Stratton entered service as First Ser- 
geant, and promoted to Second Lieutenant, Jan. 25, 1862. 

Lieutenant George B. Weymouth entered service as Sergeant ; 
promoted to First Sergeant, Jan. 25, 1862, and to Second Lieu- 
tenant, June 21, 1862 ; for a time on recruiting service in Maine, 
but returned to the regiment and participated in the great cam- 
paign of 1864 ; from Aug. 16, 1864, to date of his muster out, was 
in command of Co. I, Captain Merrill being in command of the 
regiment. 

Lieutenant Monroe Daggett entered service as private in Co. E, 
1st Me. Cavalry, Sept. 19, 1861 ; mustered out, Nov. 25, 1864 ; 
he joined the Eleventh as Second Lieutenant, with the 8th unas- 
signed Co. of Me. Infantry. He was frequently in command of 
companies whose officers were on other duty, and commanded Co. 
H in the pursuit of Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox. 
At Richmond he served as Assistant Provost Marshal of that city, 
on the staff of General John W. Turner, until the city government 
was turned over to the civil authorities. 

First Sergeant Josejih S. Butler entered service as Corporal ; 
promoted to Sergeant, May 1, 1862 ; to First Sergeant, July 1, 
1864. 

First Sergeant Amaziah Hunter entered service as })rivatc in Co. 
D; promoted to Corporal, March 27, 1863; commended in 
orders for volunteering for ])erilous service in front of the skir- 



I 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 423 

mish Hue at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864 ; mustered out 
at Augusta, Me., Nov. 18, 1864 ; reeulisted as First Sergeant in 
Co. I, Dec. 16, 1864 ; taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 
9, 1865. 

First Sergeant Nathaniel R. Robbius served as private in Co. E, 
2d Mo. Infantry, from May 28, 1861, to June 9, 1863. He joined 
the Eleventh as Sergeant with the 8th unassigned Co. of Me. 
Infantry ; promoted to First Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1865, 

First Sergeant Samuel B. Haskell entered service as private ; 
reenlisted Jan. 23, 1864 ; wounded at Dee]) Run, Va., Aug. 16, 

1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, July 1, 

1865 ; to First Sergeant, Dec. 17, 1865. 

Sergeant George Leader entered service as Sergeant ; returned 
to ranks, October, 1863 ; a faithful and efficient soldier. Died at 
Houlton, Me. 

Sergeant William W. Foster, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed in Co. C, 19th Me. Infantry, Aug. 18, 1863 ; mustered out 
May 7, 1865. Died at Boston, Mass. 

Sergeant Arthur Vandine entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal Jan. 1, 1862 ; to Sergeant, June 1, 1862 ; mortally 
wounded, at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864. 

Sergeant Charles W. Trott entered service as Corporal ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, May 1, 186"3 ; taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, 
Va., May 31, 1862. 

Sergeant David B. Snow entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1863; to Sergeant, July 1, 1863; wounded 
at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 1864 ; mortally wounded at 
Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Sergeant Marshal B. Stone entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 10, 1862 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
May 17, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant, July 1, 1864. 

Sergeant George Gove entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, June 1, 1862 ; to Sergeant, July 1, 1864. 

Sergeant John Finnegan entered service as private ; promoted 
to Sergeant, Sept. 2, 1864 ; commissioned Second Lieutenant, 
but not mustered. Died at Minneapolis, Minn. 

Sergeant John A. Monk entered service as private ; reenlisted 
March 1, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, , 1864 ; to Sergeant, 



424 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Nov. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865, while 
carrying the colors of the regiment. 

Sergeant Charles E. Elwell entered service as Sergeant in the 
8th unassigned Co., which was assigned to Co. I ; taken prisoner at 
Hatcher's Eun, Va., April 1, 1865. 

Sergeant Charles Mead entered service as Sergeant in the Sth 
unassigned Co., and was assigned to Co. I. 

Sergeant Albion W. Pendexter entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, March 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, April 10, 1865 ; 
wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Sergeant William H. Dunham entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, June 13, 1865 ; 
returned to the ranks, Aug. 20, 1865 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, 
Va., May 14, 1864. 

Sergeant Alonzo R. Stewart entered service as private ; reen- 
listed March 22, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, May 25, 1865 ; to 
Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Ceorge W. Butterfield entered service as Corporal ; 
returned to the ranks, March 24, 1862 ; discharged by a judge 
of the Supreme Court of Maine, by reason of being a minor and 
not having his father's consent. 

Corporal John Wilson entered service as Corporal, and returned 
to the ranks in 1862 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 
1864. 

Corporal Weston Brannen entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, March 25, 1862 ; attached to Veteran Reserve Corps, 
Nov. 27, 1863. 

Corporal Stephen Brannen entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, March 25, 1862. 

Corporal William H. Decker entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1862. 

Corporal Lewis M. Libby entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Sept. 10, 1862 ; wounded at Newmarket, Road, Va., 
Oct. 7, 1864. 

Corporal Asa S. Gould entered service as private; promoted to 
Corporal, Oct. 27, 1862. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 425 

Corporal James W. Moody entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, March 1, 18G4; mortally wounded at Deep Run, Va., 
Aug. 16, ISG-i. 

Corporal Charles G. Warren entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 5, 1863. 

Corporal Charles Gillpatrick entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864 ; Brigade Sharpshooter under 
Lieutenant Payne in the campaign of 1865. 

Cor])oral James A. Chirk entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Isaac H. Peters entered service as private ; wounded 
at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, May 
1, 1865. 

Corporal John O'Connell entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 1, 1865 ; returned to the ranks, May 26, 1865. 

Corporal Joseph Buzzell entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 30, 1865. Died at Cleveland, Ohio. 

Corporal John H. Morris entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, May 27, 1865. 

Corporal James Brown, 2d, entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 1, 1865. 

Corporal Lorenzo R. McFarland entered service as private ; 
promoted to Corporal, June 13, 1865. 

Corporal Llewellyn B. Smart entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, June 13, 1865. 

Corporal Manley Doble entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Feb. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, July 13, 1865. 

Corporal James N. Perkins entered service as private ; reen- 
listed Feb. 15, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Cornelius Sullivan entered service as private; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865, 

Musician William M. Brick, after leaving the Eleventh, reen- 
listed in Co. B, 2d Me. Cavalry, as a Bugler, Nov. 30, 1863 ; sub- 
sequently detailed in the band of that regiment. Died at 
Augusta,. Me. 

Wagoner George Foster died at Weston, Me. 

Aldrich, J, Adelbert, reenlisted Jan. 22, 1864. 



42tD THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Arthurs, Asa A., reenlisted Feb. 29, 1864 ; killed by a stray 
shot from tlie enemy, while lying in his tent. 

Arthurs, William, died at Winn, Me. 

Butler, Edward, reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864; wounded by a rebel 
bullet while lying in his tent, Sept. 22, 1864, 

Canning, Patrick H., reenlisted Jan. 11, 1864; wounded at 
Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Clendennin, David, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. L, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, July 17, 1863, and served with a 
detachment of that regiment at Fort Knox, Me. 

Comey, Warren W., died at Foxboro, Mass. 

Carson, Charles H., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 
20, 1864, and at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. Died at 
Maiden, Mass. 

Crockett, William H., died at Alexander, Me. 

Demerritt, Daniel, died at Center Conway, N. H. 

Doble, William, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. A, 
30th Me. Infantry, Dec. 2, 1863 ; wounded at Pleasant Hill, La., 
April 9, 1864 ; mustered out at Savannah, Ga., July 13, 1865. 

Elbridge, Orlando, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
G, 1st Me. Veteran Infantry, June 29, 1863 ; discharged for dis- 
ability, Jan. 16, 1865. 

Foster, Irving L., died at South Bancroft, Me. 

Goolding, Madison M., died at Springfield, Me. 

Hamblin, Melvin, died at Bridgton, Me. 

Harthorn, Edward, was wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 
9, 1865. Died at Medford, Me. 

Hibbard, Orin B., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1864. 

Huff, Justus E., wounded atDrury's Bluff, Va., May 13, 1864; 
also wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 23, 1864. 

Kelley, Thomas, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 
1864. 

Kimball, Isaac, reenlisted July 21, 1804. 

Kiunee, George W., wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 
1864. Died at Brookton, Me. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 427 

Knox, John, 2d, died at Conwiiy, N. H. 

Leighton, Foster J., reenlisted April 22, 18G4. 

Lewis, Herbert E., was lost with tiic bark H. G. Broohman 
between New York and Valparaiso. 

Manvill, John, died at Lewiston, Me. 

Marsh, George W. H., died at Williamsport, Pa. 

McFell, Daniel, died at Bangor, Me. 

Moody, Morton, reenlisted March 1, 1864. 

Moore, John, was an assumed name for Josej)!! Bnsli winger. 

Murray, Alexander, died at Glenbnrg, Me. 

Neal, Adam J., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. H, 
IGtli Me. Infantry, Aug. 14, 1802 ; killed in action at Gettysburg, 
Pa., July 1, 1863. 

Robbins, Fred J., was wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 2, 

1865. 

Rogers, William, reenlisted March 1, 1864. Died at Water- 
ville. Me. 

Ryder, Zenas H., died at Hudson, Me. 

Shorey, Rufus K., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Ang. 16, 1864. 

Sleeper, Moses, died at Sherman's Mills, Me. 

Springer, George J., died at Danforth, Me. 

Stephenson, Hardcastle, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Va., 
April 1, 1865. 

White, Charles W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. K, 1st Me. Veteran Infantry, Dec. 8, 186-1, and served wirli 
that regiment until its muster out, June 28, 1865. 

Whitney, John C, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
A, 2d Me. Cavalry, Nov. 30, 1863. Died of disease at Barrancas, 
Fla., while in service. 

Winn, Francis, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 
1864. 

Young, George W., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 
17, 1864. 



428 the story of one regiment. 

Company K. 

Captain Lemuel E. Newcomb entered service as Sergeant in 
Co. C ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. C, May 31, 1862 ; 
to First Lieutenant of Co. C, May 1, 1863 ; to Captain of Co. K, 
July 20, 1864 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, and at 
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864. While at Fernandina, 
Fla., had charge of all ordnance at Fort Clinch, and while at 
Morris Island, S. C, had charge of a detail of forty-four men 
who manned 10-inch siege mortars at Battery Chatfield from Nov. 
7, 1863, to Dec. 20, 1863 ; a member of a Military Commission 
of which Major-General Devens was president at Fortress Monroe, 
Va., in September and October, 1S64 ; commanded Co. G from 
July 28 to Oct. 6, 1863, and commanded Co. K from Oct. 25, 
1864, until mustered out. 

Captain Ellery D. Perkins was the son of James Perkins, who 
served in the war of 1812 as a musician in the 17th U. S. Li- 
fantry. Captain Perkins entered service as private in Co. B ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Sept. 8, 1862 ; to Commissary Sergeant of the 
regiment, March 1, 1864 ; to Second Lieutenant of Co. D, July 
19, 1864 ; to First Lieutenant of Co. D, Dec. 18, 1864 ; to Cap- 
tain of Co. K, April 16, 1865. Slightly wounded by a piece of 
shell at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. He acted as Regi- 
mental Quartermaster from Nov. 1, 1864, to Nov. 30, 1864. 
Commanded Co. F from Dec. 1, 1864, to Dec. 21, 1864 ; com- 
manded Co. D from Dec. 21, 1864, to February, 1865, aud from 
March, 1865, to April 16, 1865, and commanded Co. K from April 
16, 1865, until mustered out. When the regiment was ordered to 
the N. E. District of Va. he was assigned to duty as Provost 
Marshal and Assistant Superintendent of Freedmen for Rappa- 
hannock County, with headquarters at the village of Washington, 
and later appointed Provost Marshal of the District of N. E. Va., 
on the staff of Brevet Brigadier-General J. A. Hill, with head- 
quarters at Fredericksburg, Va., which position he held until 
mustered out. 

Lieutenant Charles H. Foster entered service as Corporal ; 
promoted to Sergeant, May 20, 1862 ; to Second Lieutenant, Dec. 
1, 1862 ; and to First Lieutenant, May 14, 1864. He served with 
Lieutenant Sellmer and a detachment of forty men of the 
Eleventh as an artillerist on Morris Island, S. C, during the siege 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 429 

of Charleston and Fort Wagner, manning mortar batteries, and 
the famous '^Swani}) Angel" which threw the first shell into the 
city of Charleston. Severely wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
May 17, 1864. 

Lieutenant Kobcrt H. Scott entered service as private ; taken 
prisoner at Williamsburg, Va., Sept. 9, 1862 ; exchanged the same 
day ; promoted to Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862 ; reenlisted March 14, 
1864 ; promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to First Lieutenant, 
Dec. 18, 1864 ; commanded Co. K from December, 1864, to April 
16, 1865, and Co. B from July 1, 1865, until it was mustered 
out. When the regiment was ordered to the N. E. District of Va. 
he was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal and Assistant Super- 
intendent of Freedmen for King George County, with headquar- 
ters at King George C. H. He was retained in service a short 
time after the regiment was mustered out. 

Lieutenant Philip H. Andrews entered service as private in new 
Co. B ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 26, 1862 ; to Sergeant, July 
24, 1864; to Second Lieutenant of Co. K, April 17, J 865. On 
Aug. 14, 1864, at Deep Bottom, Va., he was excused from duty on 
account of an abscess on his right hand ; but hearing that an ad- 
vance was ordered, he joined his company at the front, where he 
was soon severely wounded in his right foot. He served as Recorder 
of a Military Commission and on other special duty in the summer 
of 1865. When the regiment was ordered to the N. E. District 
of Va. he was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal and Assistant 
Superintendent of Freedmen for Prince William County, Ya., 
until Dec. 17, 1865, when he was detailed as Acting Adjutant of 
the regiment, which position he filled until mustered out ; com- 
missioned as First Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster, Oct. 
30, 1865, but not mustered. 

First Sergeant Alphonzo Patten entered service as First Ser- 
geant. After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted as First Sergeant 
in Co. G, 2d Me. Cavalry, Nov. 16, 1863 ; returned to the ranks 
at his own request, and detailed as acting Hospital Steward of the 
82d U. S. L, Sept. 14, 1864, and was discharged by special order 
of War Dept., No. 424, Nov. 30, 1864, to enlist as Hospital Stew- 
ard in the 82d Regiment, U. S. I., Jan. 1, 1865 ; discharged at 
Key West, Fla., Jan 1, 1866. 

First Sergeant Henry H. Davis entered service as private ; pro- 



430 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT. 

moted to Corporal, Ma}' '^2, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 8, 1862 ; and 
to First Sergeant, May 11, 1864 ; wounded at Johnson's Planta- 
tion on the Darby town Eoad, Va., Oct. 29, 1864. 

First Sergeant Amos R. Pushaw entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Xov. 2, 1862 ; to First Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864 ; 
wounded at Morris Island, S. C, Jan. 18, 1864. 

First Sergeant George P. Blaisdell entered service as private ; 
reenlisted March 14, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864 ; 
to First Sergeant, June 13, 1865 ; commissioned Second Lieuten- 
ant, but not mustered. 

Sergeant Horatio Knowles entered service as Sergeant. After 
leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted as Corporal in Co. I, 2d 'Sle. 
Cavalry, Dec. 21, 1863 ; promoted to Sergeant, to Commissary 
Sergeant, and mustered out with his regiment, Dec. 6, 1865. 

Sergeant Demetrius Hooper entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, May 20, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 8, 1862. 

Sergeant John Howard entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, April 25, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Nov. 24, 1862 ; wounded 
at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 8, 1863. Died at Baldwin, Sher- 
burne Co., Mich. 

Sergeant Andrew B. Erskine entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Nov. 24, 1862 ; 
wounded at Deep Eun, Ya., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Sergeant Charles Knowles entered service as private ; pi;omoted 
to Corporal, May 20, 1862 ; to Sergeant, March 10, 1863. 

Sergeant Cyrus E. Bussey entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862 ; to Sergeant, June 30, 1864. Killed 
by the accidental discharge of a pistol in his own hands at Camp 
Berry, Portland, Me., while on detached service. 

Sergeant John F. Buzzell entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; promoted to 
Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862 ; again wounded at Deep Piun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Sergeant Augustus D. Locke entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; pro- 
moted to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., 
May 13, 1864, and at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 431 

Sergeant John B. Alden entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, April 30, 1864 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865; wounded 
at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864. 

Sergeant Adelbert P. Chick entered service as private ; taken 
prisoner at Savage Station, Va., June 29, 1862 ; reenlisted April 
12, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, June 
1, 1865. 

Sergeant Charles Watson entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Jan. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, 
June 13, 1865 ; taken prisoner at Williamsburg, Va., Sept. 9, 
1862, and exchanged the same day. Died at Manistee, Mich. 

Sergeant Judsou W. Barden entered service as private ; reen- 
listed April 14, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to 
Sergeant, July 6, 1865. 

Corporal Daniel D. Noyes was detached for service on Western 
gunboats, Feb. 17, 1862. 

Corporal Charles G. L. Aiken was detached in Signal Corps, 
Dec. 29, 1.S61 ; transferred to U. S. Signal Corps, Sept. 1, 1863. 

Corporal Charles B. Abbott entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Aug. 5, 1862. Died in New York City. 

Corporal John J. Hill entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862. 

Corporal Josiah Furbish entered service as private ; jiromoted 
to Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va. , 
June 16, 1864. 

Corporal Jotham S. Garnett entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Nov. 9, 1862. 

Corporal Lysander li. Pushaw entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864, 

Corporal Charles F. Bickford entered service as private ; pro- 
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865; wounded at Deep Run, Va., 
Aug. 16, 1864, and at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. 

Corporal Alvali G. Glover entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Corporal Samuel Buzzell entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Jan. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. 

Corporal William H. Conant entered service as private; pro- 



432 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

moted to Corporal, June 1, 1865 ; wounded at Drnry's Bluff, Va., 
May 13, 1864. 

Corporal Fred H. Gorham entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 13, 1865. 

Corporal Horace W. Tildeu entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 13, 1865. 

Corporal Michael Madden entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, June 13, 1865. 

Corporal George C. Gould entered service as private ; reenlisted 
Jan. 16, 1864 ; taken prisoner at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 3, 
1864 ; promoted to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal George R. Coyle entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal William Waite entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 1, 1865. 

Corporal Frank Smith entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 6, 1865. 

Corporal Augustus Hayes entered service as private ; promoted 
to Corporal, July 23, 1865. Died at Marseilles, France. 

Corporal James Hersey entered service as private ; promoted to 
Corporal, Oct. 3, 1865. 

Abbott, Oscar F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
E, 3d Me. Infantry, Aug. 13, 1863 ; transferred to Co. A, 17th 
Me. Infantry, June 28, 1864 ; again transferred to 1st Me. Heavy 
Artillery, June 4, 1865 ; mustered out, June 5, 1865. 

Bracy, Lewis H., died at Cienfuegos, Cuba. 
Brown, Luther, reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; wounded at Darby- 
town Road, Va., Oct. 13, 1864. Died at Sebec, Me. 

Buzzell, George W., before entering the Eleventh, served as 
Musician in Co. H, 22d Me. Infantry, from Sept. 10, 1862, to 
Aug. 14, 1863. 

Cochran, Charles A., taken prisoner at Savage Station, Va. , 
June 29, 1862. 

Condon, Franklin F., was lost at sea. 

Crocker, George L., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. D, 8th Me. Infantry, Aug. 13, 1863 ; discharged for disa- 
bility, Dec. 1, 1865. Died at Dixmont, Me. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 433 

Dolan, Thomas, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Dyer, Alonzo, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 
1865. 

Elwell, Stephen C, died at Charleston, Me. 

Erskine, Roger A., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 
1864. 

Erskine, William M., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. B, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Nov. 21, 1863. Died at Belfast, 
Me. 

Foss, Daniel W., died at Fort Fairfield, Me. 

Garnett, Ellsworth B., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. K, 8th Me. Infantry ; promoted to Corporal ; mustered out 
Nov. 16, 1865. 

Gray, Lewis C, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Griffing, Abner A., the first Color Bearer of the regiment, his 
figure and carriage entitling him to the joosition. He claims that 
he was promised a commission, and the fact that he carried the 
colors shows that he had the confidence of those in authority. 

Hardy, Wallace, died at Monticello, Me. 

Harmon, William L., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., 
June 17, 1864. Died at Bangor, Me. 

Kelley, George S., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as Cor- 
poral in Co. D, 1st D. C. Cavalry, Oct. 15, 1863 ; transferred to 
Co. F, 1st Me. Cavalry. Died of wounds, April 20, 1865. 

Knowles, John, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. D, 
1st D. C. Cavalry ; transferred to 1st Me. Cavalry ; promoted to 
Corporal and Sergeant. Died April 15, 1865, of wounds received 
in action. 

Lewis, Jesse, died at Newfane, Vt. 

Logan, John, alias Charles C. Goodwin. 

Mann, Henry A., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 
A, 2d Me. Cavalry, Nov. 19, 1863. Died of disease at Barrancas, 
Fla., Aug. 26, 1864. 

Moore, Henry J., taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 

1862. 

28 



484 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT. 

Morton, Charles E,, deserted Oct. 18, 1863, at Augusta, Me.; 
returned under the President's proclamation ; was discharged by 
order of the War Department. 

Murray, William F., died at Veazie, Me. 

Noyes, Harlan P., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. 1, 3d Me. Infantry ; transferred to Co. F, 17th Me. Infantry ; 
again transferred to Co. F, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, and mustered 
out Sept. 11, 1865. Died at Eau Claire, Wis. 

Pooler, Levi, wounded at Johnson's Plantation on Darbytown 
Eoad, Va., Oct. 29, 1864; also wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., 
April 1, 1865. 

Powers, Andrew R., wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1, 
1865. 

Prentiss, Irwin L., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Quinn, Franklin A., reenlisted Jan. 14, 1864 ; wounded at 
Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864. Lost at sea. 

Ryan, John, taken prisoner at Apj^omattox, Va., AjDril 9, 1865. 

Shaw, Edmund H., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
the Regular Army and served his term of enlistment. 

Smith, Levi C, died at Foxcroft, Me. ; buried at Monson, Me. 

Sylvester, Dummer, taken prisoner at Williamsburg, Va., Sejst. 
9, 1862 ; exchanged the same day. 

Thurston, John W., transferred to Co. C, 6th Regiment V. R. 
C, Nov. 13, 1863. 

Thurston, Stephen, wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 
23, 1864. 

Twombley, Albion K. P., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted 
in Co. B, 2d Me. Cavalry, as Sergeant. 

Wentworth, Samuel V., taken prisoner at Williamsburg, Va., 
Sept. 9, 1862 ; exchanged same day. 

Whitcomb, John, Jr., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 
1862. Leg amputated at the time, and a second amputation 
undergone June 15, 1865. 

Whittier, Warren L., taken prisoner at AYilliamsburg, Va., 
Sept. 9, 1862 ; exchanged the same day. Wounded at Deep Ran, 
Va., Aug. 16, 1864. 

Willey, Daniel E., died at Exeter, Me. 



PERSONAL SKETCHES. 



435 



Worcester, John "W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 
Co. I, 16th Me. Infantry, Aug. 10, 1863 ; transferred to Co. I, 
20th Me. Infantry, June 5, 1865 ; mustered out July 16, 1865. 



NUESES. 

Our history would be incomplete without the names of the 
ladies who volunteered to accompany the regiment as nurses. 
They are Mrs. Susan Smiley, of North Vassalboro, mother of 
Private Charles E. Smiley, of Co. B, and Miss Mary E. Chamber- 
lain, of Enfield, sister of Corporal William II. Chamberlain, of 
Co. D. While the regiment was at Washington they were 
attached to tlie regimental and brigade hospitals. They accom- 
panied us to Newport News, where the regiment took the field, 
after which they were attached to the hospitals around Fortress 
Monroe. 

Their unselfish devotion to tlie service of alleviating the suffer- 
ings of the sick and wounded, cheering them in their affliction 
and nursing them back to health, endeared them to all, and must 
forever mark them as noble examples of that true American wom- 
anhood which did so much to sustain the army during the entire 
jieriod of the war. 

After the war Mrs. Smiley married Mr. Daniel Babcock, and 
now lives at Smitliville, Jefferson Co., N. Y. 

Miss Chamberlain married Mr. A. F. Perkins, who served 
through the war in the First Minnesota Infantry. She died No- 
vember 18, 1893, at St. Cloud, Minn., and was buried with mili- 
tary honors. 



KOSTER, 
AND STATISTICAL RECORD. 





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f Disch., Philadelphia, Pa. 
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f Died at W. Levant, Me. 
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M. O. at Augusta, Me. 
f Disch., \^'ashington, D. C. 
f Disch., Washington, D. C. 
Disch. at Waslnnc:ton, D.C. 


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f M. 0. at Annapolis, Md. 
Died at Yorktown, Va. 
f I)i.sch., Washington, D.C. 
M. 0. with regiment. 
Disch. at Hilton Head, S. C. 
f Disch. at Augusta, Me. 

t Disch., Fort Wood, N. Y. 
Died at Ft. Monroe. Va. 
Died at Folly Island, S. C. 
M. 0. at Richmond, Va. 
fM. 0. at Richmond, Va. 
M. 0. at Augusta, Me. 


Disch. at New York. 
M. 0. with regiment. 
M. 0. at Richmond, Va. 
+ Disch. at Ft. Monroe, Va 


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f Disch. at Beaufort, S. C. 
j Discli. at Newark, N. J. 
JM. O., Washington, D. C 
M. 0. at Richmond, Va. 
M. 0. at Richmond, Va. 


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Died . 

Died in service. 
Cape Neddick, Me. 
Died Dec. 19, '75. 
Lagrange, ]Me. 
Died June 25, '85. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Killed in action. 
Ellsworth, Me. 


Died in service. 
Died Feb. 6, '68. 
Chase, Mich. 
Boston, Mass. 
Died Nov. 22, '92. 
Died July 21, '90. 
Lincoln Center, Me. 
Died in service. 
Died in service. 
Orono, Me. 
Died, Sept. — , '92. 
N. Newburg, Me. 





Kenduskeag, Me. 
Augusta, Me. 
Died Sept. 12, '70. 
Camden, Me. 


Died . 

Baltimore, Md. 
Hartland, Me. 
Bangor, Me. 
Died Sept. 18, '94. 


PI. No. 28, Me. 
Bangor, Me. 
Oldtown, Me. 
Hudson, Me. 
Alton, Me. 
Orneville, Me. 
Bradford, Me. 
Oldtown, Me. 
Bucksport, Me. 
Ellsworth, Me. 
Bangor, Me. 
Corinth, Me. 
Charleston, Me. 
Lee, Me. 
Newport, Me. 
Belgrade, Me. 
Bangor, Me. 
Chester, Me. 
Chester, Me. 
Oldtown, Me. 
Hudson, Me. 
Poi'tland, Me. 
Carmel, Me. 
Bridgton, Me. 
Portland, Me. 
Kenduskeag, Me. 
Belfast, Me. 
Monroe, Me. 
Corinth, Me. 
Oldtown, Me. 
Bradford, Me. 
Charleston, Me, 
Dexter, Me. 
Bradford, Me. 
Andover, Me. 
Limestone PI., Me. 


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Ricker, Brainard A 

Robinson, Horace P. . . . 
Rollins, William L. ... 

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Wayne, Me. 
Portland, Me. 
Hodgdon, Me. 


Wayne, Me. 
Wayne, Me. 
Belfast, Me. 


Monmouth, Me. 
Belfast, Me. 
West Gardiner, Me. 
Chelsea, Me. 
S. Windham, Me. 
Bethel, Me. 
Monticello, Me. 
Wayne, Me. 
Augusta, Me. 
Augusta, Me. 
Biddeford, Me. 


Pittston, Me. 
Portland, Me. 
Lewiston, Me. 
Wayne, Me. 
Gardiner, Me. 
Limington, Me. 
litchfield, Me. 
Portland, Me. 
Wayne, Me. 
Augusta, Me. 
Lewiston, Me. 
Jefferson, Me. 


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Feb. 3, '66 
Feb. 37, '66 
Feb. 2, '66 


Feb. 3, '66 
June 13, '65 
Feb. 3, '66 


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May 28, '63 
May 31, '63 
Nov. 18, '64 
June 1, '63 
Nov. 1, '0-2 
Nov. 18, '64 
Nov. 18, '64 
Sept. 11, '64 
Nov. 18, '64 
April 23, '65 
May 37, '65 


Oct. 24, '61 
July 14, '62 
Oct. 10, '61 
Aug. 14, '63 


July 22, '62 
July 14, '62 
Oct. 10, '61 


Sept. 25, '61 
Oct. 3. '61 
Oct. 24, '61 
Oct. 21, '61 
Oct. 17, "01 
Sept. 26, '03 
Sept. 23, '03 
July 23, '03 
July 14, 03 
Aug. 3, "03 
Aug. 14, '03 


Oct. 39, '61 
Oct. 14, '61 
Oct. 12, '01 
Oct. 1, '61 
Nov. 1-i, '61 
Oct. 14, '61 
Oct. 28, '61 
Oct. 22, '61 
July 14, "63 
Oct. 31, '61 
July 15, '63 
July 18, '63 




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